An employer is a person or institution that hires employees Mark Twain S First Job or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee Mark Twain S First Job is paid by the hour or a Mark Twain S First Job set rate per pay period. Mark Twain S First Job A salaried employee is Mark Twain S First Job typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas Mark Twain S First Job wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses Mark Twain S First Job in the private sector.
Note that although Mark Twain S First Job employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, Mark Twain S First Job the employer maintains autonomous control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of Mark Twain S First Job power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the Mark Twain S First Job most influential being the nature of Mark Twain S First Job the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with Mark Twain S First Job employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It Mark Twain S First Job is up Mark Twain S First Job to employers to Mark Twain S First Job effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance Mark Twain S First Job of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate Mark Twain S First Job in the field of employment relations. By meeting Mark Twain S First Job the Mark Twain S First Job needs of the employer; Mark Twain S First Job generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance Mark Twain S First Job with Mark Twain S First Job the employee and creating social equity that benefits the Mark Twain S First Job worker so that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a Mark Twain S First Job continuous Mark Twain S First Job revolving issue in westernised societies.
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Globalisation has effected these Mark Twain S First Job issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Mark Twain S First Job Edward Lee Mark Twain S First Job (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the Mark Twain S First Job newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert Mark Twain S First Job pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign Mark Twain S First Job direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards Mark Twain S First Job low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing Mark Twain S First Job countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities Job Lost Due To Globalization in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept Mark Twain S First Job worsening Mark Twain S First Job wages and conditions, as a global labour market Blow Job Pics Gallery results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure to Mark Twain S First Job reduce the wages and conditions of Mark Twain S First Job workers. Globalization reduces Mark Twain S First Job the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What also result�s to Mark Twain S First Job Lee�s (1996) findings Mark Twain S First Job is that Mark Twain S First Job in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the Mark Twain S First Job service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop Mark Twain S First Job sought Mark Twain S First Job after trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and Mark Twain S First Job increasing highly diverse labour force, that are growing in non standard forms of employment
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Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers Mark Twain S First Job facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on Mark Twain S First Job businesses.
Wood et Mark Twain S First Job al (2004, p 355) describe control can as Mark Twain S First Job being either output focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers Mark Twain S First Job defining, and using, their own methods for reaching Mark Twain S First Job targets, or process controls, which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial Mark Twain S First Job control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for Mark Twain S First Job staff and productivity alike, with control Mark Twain S First Job forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Mark Twain S First Job Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints with a maximization of labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment Mark Twain S First Job relationship.
Motivation is the third Mark Twain S First Job and most difficult of the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often Mark Twain S First Job be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, Mark Twain S First Job and can be Mark Twain S First Job broadly defined Mark Twain S First Job as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, Mark Twain S First Job p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the course of action already Mark Twain S First Job initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, Mark Twain S First Job as all three Mark Twain S First Job facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and Mark Twain S First Job ultimate profits. |
