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musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, Aol Free Music Tower Music there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The Aol Free Music process of a performer deciding Aol Free Music how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation. Different performers' Aol Free Music interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as much as Aol Free Music those who perform Aol Free Music the music of others or folk music. The standard body of choices and techniques present at Aol Free Music a given time and Aol Free Music a given place is referred to Aol Free Music as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean Aol Free Music either individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation. In some musical genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given Aol Free Music to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, Gospel Music Awards harmonic, Aol Free Music or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the Aol Free Music performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not Parental Advisory On Rap Music preconceived. Aol Free Music According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Composition does not always Aol Free Music mean the Aol Free Music use of notation, or the Aol Free Music known sole authorship of one individual. Music can also be Aol Free Music determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music,

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and is associated with such Aol Free Music composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski. Musical composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Methods of composition vary widely Aol Free Music from one composer

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to another, however in analysing music Aol Free Music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � are built from elements Aol Free Music comprising a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised: composed on the spot. The music can be performed entirely from memory,

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from a written Voicemail Music On Hold system of musical notation, or some combination Appraisal Music Jazz Albums of both. Study of composition has traditionally been Aol Free Music dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, Aol Free Music but Aol Free Music the definition of composition Aol Free Music is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African drummers. What Aol Free Music is important in understanding the composition Aol Free Music of a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of music's formal elements can be helpful Aol Free Music in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A universal element of music is how sounds occur Aol Free Music in time, which is referred to Aol Free Music as the rhythm of a piece of music. When Aol Free Music a piece appears to Aol Free Music have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, an Italian Aol Free Music expression that indicates that the tempo of the piece changes to suit the expressive

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intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs within some kind Aol Free Music of time, and thus employs Aol Free Music time as a musical element. Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches Aol Free Music and rhythm of the music is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to Aol Free Music read notation involves music Aol Free Music theory, harmony, the

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study of performance practice, and Aol Free Music in Aol Free Music some cases an understanding of historical performance methods. Written notation varies with style and period of music. In Western Art music, the Aol Free Music most common types of written notation are scores, which include all the music parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation Aol Free Music for Aol Free Music the individual performers or singers. Aol Free Music In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, Aol Free Music which Aol Free Music notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and Usher Music Videos structure of the music. Scores and parts are also used in Aol Free Music popular Aol Free Music music and jazz, particularly Pinoy Music in Aol Free Music large ensembles such as jazz "big bands." In popular music, guitarists Aol Free Music and electric bass Aol Free Music players

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often read music notated in

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tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played

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on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to notate music for the Aol Free Music lute, a stringed, fretted instrument. Notated music is produced as sheet music. Aol Free Music To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and the performance Aol Free Music practice that is associated with a Aol Free Music piece of music or Aol Free Music genre. Improvisation

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is the creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an act Aol Free Music of instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed Aol Free Music with or without preparation. Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern composers' techniques. In a

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more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music Aol Free Music � rhythm,

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harmony (harmonic Aol Free Music function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study Aol Free Music these properties are known as music theorists. The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects of music including Aol Free Music how it is processed by listeners. Rather than accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and Aol Free Music performing music as a given,

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much research Aol Free Music in music cognition seeks instead to uncover the mental processes that underlie these practices. Also, research Aol Free Music in the field seeks to uncover Aol Free Music commonalities between the musical Aol Free Music traditions of disparate cultures Aol Free Music and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major areas of research in the field. Deaf people can experience music by feeling the vibrations Aol Free Music in their body, a Aol Free Music process which can be enhanced if the Aol Free Music individual holds a

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resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even Aol Free Music after he had completely lost his hearing. Recent Aol Free Music examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed Aol Free Music percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex Aol Free Music mental processes involved in listening to music, which may Aol Free Music seem intuitively

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simple, yet Aol Free Music are vastly intricate and complex.The Aol Free Music music that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is Aol Free Music to hear Aol Free Music it live, in the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, Aol Free Music television or the internet. Some musical Aol Free Music styles focus Aol Free Music on Aol Free Music producing a Aol Free Music sound for Aol Free Music a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance. As Aol Free Music talking pictures emerged in Aol Free Music the early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances Aol Free Music by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at Aol Free Music first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion Aol Free Music pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Aol Free Music Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever" Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers Aol Free Music and producers, including the Aol Free Music Audio Aol Free Music Home Recording Aol Free Music Act Aol Free Music of 1992 in the United Aol Free Music States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary Aol Free Music and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible

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through computers, devices Aol Free Music and internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand. In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to Aol Free Music music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more Aol Free Music common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century. Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is

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prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards Aol Free Music can be programmed to produce Aol Free Music and play MIDI music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics to songs being performed;

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performers can follow the lyrics as they sing Aol Free Music over the instrumental tracks. The advent of the Internet has Aol Free Music transformed the experience of music, partly through the increased ease Aol Free Music of access to music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Aol Free Music Tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more, suggests that while the economic model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is based on abundance. Digital storage costs are low, so Aol Free Music a company can afford to make its Aol Free Music whole inventory available online, giving customers as much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable to offer products that Aol Free Music very few people Aol Free Music are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of their increased choice results in a closer Aol Free Music association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets. Another effect of Aol Free Music the Internet arises with

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online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Youtube also has a large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube as a free publisher Aol Free Music of promotional material. Youtube users, for example, no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but Aol Free Music also actively create their own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role Aol Free Music to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who both creates and consumes. Manifestations of this in Aol Free Music music include the production of mashes, Aol Free Music remixes, and music videos Aol Free Music by fans.

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