An employer is a person Anne Hathaway Nude Download or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages Anne Hathaway Nude Download or a salary to the workers in exchange for the Anne Hathaway Nude Download worker's labor power, depending upon whether Anne Hathaway Nude Download the employee is paid Anne Hathaway Nude Download by the hour or a set rate per pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours Anne Hathaway Nude Download worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything Anne Hathaway Nude Download from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the Anne Hathaway Nude Download largest single employers, Anne Hathaway Nude Download but most of the work force is employed in small and Anne Hathaway Nude Download medium businesses in the Anne Hathaway Nude Download private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous Anne Hathaway Nude Download control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the Anne Hathaway Nude Download entity named in contracts. The employer typically also Anne Hathaway Nude Download maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment Anne Hathaway Nude Download and as a function thereof. Anne Hathaway Nude Download These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of Anne Hathaway Nude Download power over employees is dependent Anne Hathaway Nude Download upon numerous factors; the most influential Anne Hathaway Nude Download being Anne Hathaway Nude Download the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to Anne Hathaway Nude Download effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance Anne Hathaway Nude Download of economic Anne Hathaway Nude Download efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of employment relations. By meeting Anne Hathaway Nude Download the needs Anne Hathaway Nude Download of the employer; generating profits to establish Anne Hathaway Nude Download and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity Anne Hathaway Nude Download that benefits the worker Anne Hathaway Nude Download so that Anne Hathaway Nude Download he/she can fund Anne Hathaway Nude Download and Anne Hathaway Nude Download enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous Anne Hathaway Nude Download revolving issue in westernised societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by Anne Hathaway Nude Download creating certain economic factors that Anne Hathaway Nude Download disallow or allow Anne Hathaway Nude Download various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern that Anne Hathaway Nude Download effect employment relations: (1) International competition, Anne Hathaway Nude Download from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and Anne Hathaway Nude Download increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure Anne Hathaway Nude Download on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards Anne Hathaway Nude Download low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and Anne Hathaway Nude Download wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour market results in a �race to the bottom�. Anne Hathaway Nude Download Increased international competition creates a Anne Hathaway Nude Download pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital Anne Hathaway Nude Download is increasingly mobile Anne Hathaway Nude Download and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this is a result of changes and Anne Hathaway Nude Download trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse Anne Hathaway Nude Download labour force, that are growing in non standard forms of employment
Interests can be best Anne Hathaway Nude Download described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed Anne Hathaway Nude Download on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control can as being either output Anne Hathaway Nude Download focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers defining, and using, Anne Hathaway Nude Download their own methods for Anne Hathaway Nude Download reaching targets, or Anne Hathaway Nude Download process controls, which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within Anne Hathaway Nude Download an organization Anne Hathaway Nude Download rests at many Anne Hathaway Nude Download levels and has Anne Hathaway Nude Download important implications for staff and productivity Anne Hathaway Nude Download alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual Anne Hathaway Nude Download processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing Anne Hathaway Nude Download wage constraints with a maximization of labour productivity Anne Hathaway Nude Download in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation is the third and most difficult of the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation Anne Hathaway Nude Download can often Anne Hathaway Nude Download be Anne Hathaway Nude Download in direct conflict with control Anne Hathaway Nude Download mechanisms of employers, and can Kimberly Elsie Nude be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the Anne Hathaway Nude Download course of action already initiated.�
The Anne Hathaway Nude Download employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
|
|
|
