The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the Who Invented Shoes materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were Who Invented Shoes probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between Who Invented Shoes about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the Who Invented Shoes thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) Who Invented Shoes decreased during this period, on Who Invented Shoes the Who Invented Shoes premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many Who Invented Shoes shoes have Who Invented Shoes removable and replaceable insoles, Who Invented Shoes and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health Who Invented Shoes reasons (to control the shape, moisture, Who Invented Shoes or smell of the Who Invented Shoes shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; Who Invented Shoes casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber Online Shoes Store or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a Who Invented Shoes single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel Who Invented Shoes of the sole is rubber for durability Parade Shoes and traction, while the front is Who Invented Shoes leather for style. Specialized Who Invented Shoes shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The Who Invented Shoes layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some Who Invented Shoes types Who Invented Shoes of shoes, like running Who Invented Shoes shoes, Who Invented Shoes have Who Invented Shoes another material for shock Who Invented Shoes absorption, usually Who Invented Shoes beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the Who Invented Shoes heel. Its function is to Who Invented Shoes support the heel of the foot. They are often made Who Invented Shoes of the same material as Who Invented Shoes the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that Who Invented Shoes helps hold the shoe onto the Who Invented Shoes foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more Who Invented Shoes complex upper. Who Invented Shoes This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain Who Invented Shoes 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe Who Invented Shoes open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, Who Invented Shoes to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes Who Invented Shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain Who Invented Shoes and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert Who Invented Shoes of various materials Who Invented Shoes for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are Bags And Shoes not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases Who Invented Shoes the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and Who Invented Shoes casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by New Balance Womens Crosstraining Shoes smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by Who Invented Shoes sturdy Who Invented Shoes leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. Who Invented Shoes The majority of dress shoes have an Who Invented Shoes upper covering, commonly made Who Invented Shoes of Who Invented Shoes leather, enclosing most Who Invented Shoes of the lower foot, but not covering Who Invented Shoes the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures Who Invented Shoes or openings, but Who Invented Shoes may also be made with openings or Who Invented Shoes even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper Who Invented Shoes rising above Who Invented Shoes the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic Who Invented Shoes inserts Who Invented Shoes to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: Who Invented Shoes the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". Who Invented Shoes In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is Who Invented Shoes used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are Who Invented Shoes tied to Who Invented Shoes two pieces Who Invented Shoes of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In Who Invented Shoes England, the Blucher is known as the Derby Who Invented Shoes shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a Who Invented Shoes sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the Who Invented Shoes vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe Who Invented Shoes of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further Etries Running Shoes information might Who Invented Shoes be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article Who Invented Shoes or section may not Who Invented Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for Who Invented Shoes suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some Who Invented Shoes broad categories Who Invented Shoes are:
Pumps, known in Who Invented Shoes the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet Who Invented Shoes pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively Who Invented Shoes short Who Invented Shoes vamp, Steel Toed Work Shoes exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather Who Invented Shoes wear, and may be seen as more comfortable Who Invented Shoes than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see Who Invented Shoes article for Who Invented Shoes discussion) and are thus Who Invented Shoes commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker Who Invented Shoes pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated Who Invented Shoes by Native Americans, Who Invented Shoes a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of Who Invented Shoes leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, Who Invented Shoes because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting Who Invented Shoes saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or Who Invented Shoes casual Who Invented Shoes shoe without laces; often Who Invented Shoes with tassels, Who Invented Shoes buckles, or coin-holders Who Invented Shoes (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck Who Invented Shoes shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually Who Invented Shoes simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat Who Invented Shoes deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are Who Invented Shoes designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with Who Invented Shoes pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special Who Invented Shoes function shoes often have Who Invented Shoes less difference between the sexes than in Who Invented Shoes dress shoes. Who Invented Shoes In many cases these shoes can be worn Who Invented Shoes by either sex. Emphasis tends to be Who Invented Shoes more on function Who Invented Shoes Fake Designer Shoes than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or Who Invented Shoes tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to Who Invented Shoes be lightweight, flexible, Flame Shoes and have good traction. Special varieties are available Who Invented Shoes for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with Who Invented Shoes plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while Who Invented Shoes playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for Who Invented Shoes the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal Who Invented Shoes but replaceable Who Invented Shoes "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on Who Invented Shoes many golf courses Who Invented Shoes since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: Who Invented Shoes intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic Who Invented Shoes shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels Who Invented Shoes so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They Who Invented Shoes are often Who Invented Shoes rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock Who Invented Shoes climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a Who Invented Shoes high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to Who Invented Shoes provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more Who Invented Shoes flexible sole than the running Who Invented Shoes shoe, Who Invented Shoes lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not Who Invented Shoes be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating Who Invented Shoes on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline Who Invented Shoes skates
Ski Who Invented Shoes boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to Ivory Satin Shoes the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for Who Invented Shoes a better grip on a Who Invented Shoes skateboard. They are Who Invented Shoes very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling Who Invented Shoes shoes are equipped with Who Invented Shoes a metal or plastic cleat to interface Who Invented Shoes with clipless pedals, Who Invented Shoes as well as a stiff sole to maximize power Who Invented Shoes transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes Who Invented Shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic Who Invented Shoes shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made Who Invented Shoes with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic Who Invented Shoes feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened Who Invented Shoes sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured Who Invented Shoes by Who Invented Shoes elastic Who Invented Shoes straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet Who Invented Shoes shoes Heel-less slippers made Who Invented Shoes of canvas or Who Invented Shoes leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of Who Invented Shoes leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and Who Invented Shoes thus more flexible material under the arch Who Invented Shoes so that the foot can be pointed Ladies Golf Shoes to Who Invented Shoes its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) Who Invented Shoes to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall Who Invented Shoes into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin Who Invented Shoes American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically Who Invented Shoes lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made Who Invented Shoes of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the Who Invented Shoes dancer's weight across the Who Invented Shoes foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's Who Invented Shoes weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have Who Invented Shoes 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known Who Invented Shoes as dansneakers, these are a Who Invented Shoes combination of Who Invented Shoes a sneaker and a dance shoe, Athletic Pink Puma Running Shoes with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character Who Invented Shoes shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the Who Invented Shoes instep to secure Who Invented Shoes the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on Who Invented Shoes the manufacturer, these are Who Invented Shoes slip-on, Who Invented Shoes partial foot covers that protect Who Invented Shoes the ball of a dancer's foot from Who Invented Shoes skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give Who Invented Shoes a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, Who Invented Shoes viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. Who Invented Shoes They are generally made from sturdy leather Who Invented Shoes uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are Who Invented Shoes used for Who Invented Shoes uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, Who Invented Shoes police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical Who Invented Shoes shoes
Footwear has been worn Who Invented Shoes for tens of thousands Who Invented Shoes of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these Who Invented Shoes sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a Who Invented Shoes European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even Who Invented Shoes into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a Who Invented Shoes shoe with a Who Invented Shoes long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many Who Invented Shoes North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made Who Invented Shoes of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to Who Invented Shoes fit the wearer's feet. The person is Who Invented Shoes said to have broken in the Who Invented Shoes shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) Who Invented Shoes and appearance, especially for leather shoes Who Invented Shoes and boots.
Heel Who Invented Shoes replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes Who Invented Shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or Who Invented Shoes municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers Who Invented Shoes which can be recycled Who Invented Shoes and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or Dubois Pennsylvania Running Shoes repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of Who Invented Shoes the world (Asia, Who Invented Shoes Eastern Europe, parts of Who Invented Shoes the Middle East and Who Invented Shoes Africa, much of Northern Europe Who Invented Shoes and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected Who Invented Shoes that visitors remove their shoes unless Who Invented Shoes a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid Who Invented Shoes bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, Amanda Shoes including Who Invented Shoes those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles Who Invented Shoes of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as Who Invented Shoes by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for Who Invented Shoes the foot, socks, or shoes to Who Invented Shoes touch Who Invented Shoes someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads Who Invented Shoes is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with Who Invented Shoes their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
