Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie
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ENTER HERE: Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the field of film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Films are produced by recording Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie images from the world Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie which reflect those Who Made Zeitgeist The Moviecultures, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie communication. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Some films Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie have Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie a series of individual images called Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie frames. When these images are Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie shown rapidly in Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the name "film" comes from the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie had historicallyWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviebeen the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for anWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieindividual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie images needed to be Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie carefully Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie celluloid film for still Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie required a person to look into a Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie speed of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie about 5 toWho Made Zeitgeist The Movie10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie crank was turned. Some of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie theseWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviemachines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of the motion picture camera allowed Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the individual Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie component images Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly toWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviethe development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie "motion Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of varying sizes Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and angles. Other techniquesWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviesuch as camera movement Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie were realized as effective ways to Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie portray Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie a story Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films cameWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviewith a prepared list of sheet music Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie (A Trip to Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the Moon) (1902), an Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie early narrative Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie film. The Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie I while the film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie industry in United States flourished with the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie innovator D. W. Griffith and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Keaton Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step in the development of cinema Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie needed] Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie but as color processes improved and became as affordable asWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieblack-and-white film, more and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie more movies were filmed in color after the end of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie World War II, as Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie industry in Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie succeeding Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie educated independent filmmakers were all part of the New Godzilla Movie changes the medium experienced Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie arguing that Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie film's artistic essence lay in its ability Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie de Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie to formulate Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedyWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviefilms tend not to be Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie greatly Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie stillWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviehave an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as mostWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviedramas, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic Parents Movie Ratings approach to films. This line of work is more often known asWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviefilm theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work,Who Made Zeitgeist The Movieand what effect Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie they have on Dark Knight Movie Trailer people. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Rather than having Famous Movie Sex Scenes their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie articles are published in scholarly Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additionalWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieproduct commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of one million dollars. In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie regional centers Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie exist in many parts of the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie industry should qualify for this title is the source of some Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie film making Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie equipment have Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie "the Oscars") are the most prominent film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie awards in the United States, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, beforeWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviethe public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie audience reaction, which if Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article:Who Made Zeitgeist The MovieTrailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie cinema, on whose screen they are shown. TheWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieterm "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and typeWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieof crew requiredWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieduring filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may beWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieproduced through open, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie a group of people hired by a film company, employed during Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie who appear in Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie primary responsibility falls in pre-production Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie or post-production phases, such as writers and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie editors. Communication between production and crew Natick Ma Movie Thearter generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie between the departments. Other than Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie acting, the crew handles everything Jennifer Love Hewwith Movie in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Movie Enhancing Software as "craft services") Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coatedWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviewith an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving pictureWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviefilm was shot and projected at Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames perWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieminute (16? frame/s) Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie is generally cited as a Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene shouldWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviebe shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie because it was the slowest (and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie thus cheapest) speed Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie � allowing them to Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie invention Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasinglyWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviedim Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie conditions, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie many parts of the soundtrack are Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie since the technology developed as the basis for photography. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films haveWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieproblems Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in terms of preservation and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie storage, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and the motion picture Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie cellulose nitrateWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviebase have been copied onto Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie modern Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie safety films. Some studios save Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie color films through the use of separation masters � three Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie film stock is a matterWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieof concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in orderWho Made Zeitgeist The Movieto make them available to future generations (and thereby increase Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie single-strip Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie color films, due to their Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie high decay rates; black and white films on Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie safety bases Celebrity Movie Archive Gown Flash Ass and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video Mature Wife Movie Galleries cameras and digital projectors are gaining Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie ground as well. These Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of 2005Who Made Zeitgeist The Moviemost major motion Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie pictures are still recorded Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie initially produced without Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the indie film scene in the late 20th and early Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie studio films also leads to conservative choices Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie has significant industry experience in film or Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the cost of professional film equipment Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and stock was also a hurdle to being Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in 2002 alone,Who Made Zeitgeist The Moviefilm negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie editing system pro-level software like Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Adobe Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and editWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviea movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of Movie Theaters Listings internet-based video Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie outlets such as YouTube and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Veoh has further changed the film making landscape Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie ways that are still to be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie content film is much like an independent film, but Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A fan film is a film or video Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professionalWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviefilmmakers as film Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie school class projects or as demonstration reels. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of a film is Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie a drawn Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie motion), and then Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie photographing the result Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie illusion of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie continuous Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie movement (due to the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and tedious, though the development of computer animation Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie has greatly sped up Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie to Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie be viewed on a computer or over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV andWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviemovies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie by independent studios (and sometimes by a Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by otherWho Made Zeitgeist The Moviestudios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in their productions, there is a specific style Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Thousands of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie such theaters were built or converted from Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie made to be shown in movie theaters. The Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie development of television Ila Kunis New Movie has allowed Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie Some films are now made Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The productionWho Made Zeitgeist The Movievalues on Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater pays an average of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie about 50-55% Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of its Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie decreases as the duration of a film's Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie that defy this rule, oftenWho Made Zeitgeist The Movielimited-release movies Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie relative newcomer in the pantheon of Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie fine arts. In the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie 1950s, when television became Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie of local Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, |
