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Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film Lesbian Movie Free as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an Lesbian Movie Free important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful Lesbian Movie Free method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives Lesbian Movie Free motion pictures a universal Lesbian Movie Free power Lesbian Movie Free of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the Lesbian Movie Free dialogue. Traditional

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films are made Lesbian Movie Free up of

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a series of individual images called frames. When these images Lesbian Movie Free are shown rapidly in succession, Lesbian Movie Free a viewer has the illusion that motion Lesbian Movie Free is occurring. The viewer cannot see Lesbian Movie Free the flickering between Lesbian Movie Free frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby Lesbian Movie Free the eye retains a The origin of the

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name "film" comes Lesbian Movie Free from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and Lesbian Movie Free displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion Lesbian Movie Free picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the Lesbian Movie Free field in Lesbian Movie Free general include the

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big screen, the silver screen, Lesbian Movie Free the cinema, Lesbian Movie Free and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with Lesbian Movie Free devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient Lesbian Movie Free speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, Lesbian Movie Free a phenomenon called persistence Lesbian Movie Free of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay

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Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Lesbian Movie Free 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early Lesbian Movie Free versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to Lesbian Movie Free a drum turned by a Lesbian Movie Free handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of Lesbian Movie Free about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these Lesbian Movie Free machines were coin operated. By the Lesbian Movie Free 1880s, the development of the

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motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored Lesbian Movie Free on a single reel, and led quickly to the development Lesbian Movie Free of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture Lesbian Movie Free shows" onto a Lesbian Movie Free screen Lesbian Movie Free for an entire audience. These reels, Lesbian Movie Free so exhibited, came to be Lesbian Movie Free known as "motion pictures". Early Lesbian Movie Free motion pictures were static Lesbian Movie Free shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Lesbian Movie Free Dickson's early sound Lesbian Movie Free experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of

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the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure Lesbian Movie Free by Lesbian Movie Free stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into Lesbian Movie Free multiple shots of varying

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sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were Lesbian Movie Free realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the Lesbian Movie Free audience in silence, theater owners would hire a Lesbian Movie Free pianist or Lesbian Movie Free organist or a full orchestra to play Lesbian Movie Free music fitting the mood of the film at any given Lesbian Movie Free moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) Lesbian Movie Free (1902), an early narrative film. The rise Lesbian Movie Free of Lesbian Movie Free European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while Lesbian Movie Free the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Lesbian Movie Free Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Lesbian Movie Free Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along Lesbian Movie Free with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound Lesbian Movie Free effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially Lesbian Movie Free distinguished by Lesbian Movie Free calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent Lesbian Movie Free film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective Lesbian Movie Free to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] Lesbian Movie Free but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War Lesbian Movie Free II, as the industry in America came to view Lesbian Movie Free color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force Lesbian Movie Free in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory Lesbian Movie Free seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Lesbian Movie Free Bela Lesbian Movie Free Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid Lesbian Movie Free fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against Lesbian Movie Free this Lesbian Movie Free theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its Lesbian Movie Free differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among Lesbian Movie Free other things has given rise to Lesbian Movie Free psychoanalytical film Lesbian Movie Free theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Lesbian Movie Free categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Lesbian Movie Free film criticism that Lesbian Movie Free appears regularly in newspapers and Lesbian Movie Free other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day Lesbian Movie Free or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an Lesbian Movie Free important Lesbian Movie Free impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a

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film Lesbian Movie Free that makes up the majority of any film review can still Lesbian Movie Free have an important impact on whether people decide Lesbian Movie Free to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed Lesbian Movie Free that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as Lesbian Movie Free the Lesbian Movie Free unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive Lesbian Movie Free film reviews have been shown to Lesbian Movie Free spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an

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advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic

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and warn the public that the film may not Lesbian Movie Free be Next Harry Potter Movie worth seeing and the films often do poorly as Lesbian Movie Free a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often Lesbian Movie Free known as film theory or film studies. These film critics Lesbian Movie Free attempt to come Lesbian Movie Free to understand Lesbian Movie Free how Lesbian Movie Free film and filming techniques work, and what effect Lesbian Movie Free they have Lesbian Movie Free on people. Lesbian Movie Free Rather than having

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their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles Lesbian Movie Free are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to

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exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly Lesbian Movie Free to the masses. Lesbian Movie Free In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes Lesbian Movie Free to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in Lesbian Movie Free the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment Lesbian Movie Free and photograph, export, Lesbian Movie Free import Lesbian Movie Free and Lesbian Movie Free screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever Lesbian Movie Free produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville Lesbian Movie Free world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded

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huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had

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a contract that Lesbian Movie Free called for an annual salary of one Lesbian Movie Free million dollars. In the United States today, much of the film Lesbian Movie Free industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many Lesbian Movie Free parts of

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the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian Lesbian Movie Free film industry's Hindi cinema which Lesbian Movie Free produces the largest number Lesbian Movie Free of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a Lesbian Movie Free year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation

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needed] Though the expense involved in

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making movies has led cinema production to Lesbian Movie Free concentrate under the auspices of movie studios,

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recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the industry, due to

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the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, Lesbian Movie Free a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to Lesbian Movie Free create Lesbian Movie Free works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as Lesbian Movie Free "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year

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to films, ostensibly Lesbian Movie Free based on their artistic merits. There is also Lesbian Movie Free a large industry for educational and instructional films made Lesbian Movie Free in lieu of or in addition to lectures and Lesbian Movie Free texts. Preview A preview performance Lesbian Movie Free refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, Lesbian Movie Free usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film Lesbian Movie Free premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming Lesbian Movie Free certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers Lesbian Movie Free or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the

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future at Lesbian Movie Free a cinema, on whose Lesbian Movie Free screen they are shown. The term Lesbian Movie Free "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of Lesbian Movie Free the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, Lesbian Movie Free a Lesbian Movie Free low-budget, independent film may Lesbian Movie Free be made Lesbian Movie Free with a skeleton crew, often Lesbian Movie Free paid very little. Lesbian Movie Free Also, an open source film may be produced Lesbian Movie Free through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This Lesbian Movie Free production cycle typically takes Lesbian Movie Free three years. The first year is Lesbian Movie Free taken Lesbian Movie Free up with development. The second year comprises Lesbian Movie Free preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is a group of people hired by Lesbian Movie Free a film company, Lesbian Movie Free employed Lesbian Movie Free during Lesbian Movie Free the "production" or "photography" phase, for the Lesbian Movie Free purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished Lesbian Movie Free from cast, the actors who appear in front Lesbian Movie Free of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The

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crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of Lesbian Movie Free producers, managers, company Lesbian Movie Free representatives, their assistants, and Lesbian Movie Free those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication Lesbian Movie Free between Lesbian Movie Free production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff Lesbian Movie Free of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation Lesbian Movie Free between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known Lesbian Movie Free in Lesbian Movie Free the film industry as "craft services") are Lesbian Movie Free usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock Lesbian Movie Free consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base Lesbian Movie Free coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its Lesbian Movie Free flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, Lesbian Movie Free though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras

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and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s Lesbian Movie Free and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 Lesbian Movie Free frame/s on up Lesbian Movie Free (often reels included instructions on Lesbian Movie Free how

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fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for Lesbian Movie Free the sound head. Lesbian Movie Free 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest

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(and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them Lesbian Movie Free to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in Lesbian Movie Free increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed Lesbian Movie Free as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately Lesbian Movie Free from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion Lesbian Movie Free pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive Lesbian Movie Free sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often Lesbian Movie Free has

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importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most Lesbian Movie Free movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three Lesbian Movie Free B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially Lesbian Movie Free a reverse of the Technicolor process). Lesbian Movie Free Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Lesbian Movie Free a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film Lesbian Movie Free stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies Lesbian Movie Free interested in Lesbian Movie Free preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation Lesbian Movie Free is generally a higher-concern The Other Boleyn Girl Movie for nitrate and single-strip color films, Lesbian Movie Free due to their high decay Lesbian Movie Free rates; black and white films Lesbian Movie Free on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some Lesbian Movie Free films in recent decades Lesbian Movie Free have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video

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cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as Lesbian Movie Free well. These approaches Lesbian Movie Free are extremely beneficial Lesbian Movie Free to moviemakers, especially because footage can be Lesbian Movie Free evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and Lesbian Movie Free as of 2005 Lesbian Movie Free most major motion pictures are still recorded on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking Lesbian Movie Free often takes place outside of Movie Forumz Link Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a Lesbian Movie Free film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On Lesbian Movie Free the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put

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out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2]

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A Lesbian Movie Free hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity

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to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has Lesbian Movie Free significant industry experience Lesbian Movie Free in Lesbian Movie Free film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before Lesbian Movie Free the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle Lesbian Movie Free to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film Lesbian Movie Free is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early Lesbian Movie Free 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to Lesbian Movie Free movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly Lesbian Movie Free lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be

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installed in a commodity-based Lesbian Movie Free personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express Lesbian Movie Free and iMovie make movie-making

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relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers Lesbian Movie Free can Invisible Movie conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create

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and edit the Lesbian Movie Free sound and music, and mix Lesbian Movie Free the final cut on a home Lesbian Movie Free computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, Lesbian Movie Free distribution, and Lesbian Movie Free marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways Lesbian Movie Free that are Lesbian Movie Free still to Lesbian Movie Free be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content Lesbian Movie Free film An open content film Lesbian Movie Free is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction Lesbian Movie Free or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A fan film

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is a film or Lesbian Movie Free video inspired Lesbian Movie Free by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders Lesbian Movie Free or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been Lesbian Movie Free amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as

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film school class Lesbian Movie Free projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from Lesbian Movie Free short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film Lesbian Movie Free is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a Lesbian Movie Free model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed Lesbian Movie Free of 16 or Lesbian Movie Free more frames Lesbian Movie Free per second, there is an illusion of Lesbian Movie Free continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Lesbian Movie Free Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, Lesbian Movie Free though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash Lesbian Movie Free allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to

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produce, the majority of animation for Lesbian Movie Free TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. Lesbian Movie Free However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to Lesbian Movie Free enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Lesbian Movie Free in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Lesbian Movie Free Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to Lesbian Movie Free television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their Lesbian Movie Free productions, there is a specific style

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of animation that depends on film. Cameraless Lesbian Movie Free animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lesbian Movie Free Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Lesbian Movie Free Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Lesbian Movie Free in 1905.[4] Thousands of Lesbian Movie Free such theaters

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were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these

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theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were Lesbian Movie Free "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a Lesbian Movie Free lump sum, and Lesbian Movie Free a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Lesbian Movie Free Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming Lesbian Movie Free movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to Lesbian Movie Free be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology Lesbian Movie Free has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or Lesbian Movie Free DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become

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revenue sources for the film companies. Some Lesbian Movie Free films are now made Lesbian Movie Free specifically Lesbian Movie Free for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of Lesbian Movie Free inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and Lesbian Movie Free indeed, some films that Lesbian Movie Free are rejected by their Lesbian Movie Free own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of Lesbian Movie Free its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Lesbian Movie Free a number higher than that, and decreases

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as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies Lesbian Movie Free in Lesbian Movie Free the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed Lesbian Movie Free movies ensures that most movies are Lesbian Movie Free shown in first-run theaters for less than Lesbian Movie Free 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in Lesbian Movie Free only a few theaters

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and actually grow their theater count Lesbian Movie Free through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' Lesbian Movie Free worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers;

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and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, Lesbian Movie Free and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film Lesbian Movie Free is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, Lesbian Movie Free industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological Lesbian Movie Free sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development Lesbian Movie Free of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled Lesbian Movie Free people to select films for home viewing, industry Lesbian Movie Free analysts again Lesbian Movie Free wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification Lesbian Movie Free systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films Lesbian Movie Free at home

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with greatly Lesbian Movie Free improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies Plump Movie Galleries provided audio Lesbian Movie Free and Lesbian Movie Free visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a Lesbian Movie Free full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via Lesbian Movie Free satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local Lesbian Movie Free theaters a reprieve from Lesbian Movie Free their predicted demise. The cinema Free Lesbian Erotica Movie Clips now faces a new Lesbian Movie Free challenge from home Lesbian Movie Free video by the likes Lesbian Movie Free of Lesbian Movie Free a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p Lesbian Movie Free in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from Lesbian Movie Free the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video Lesbian Movie Free format, will offer a massive resolution of Lesbian Movie Free 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can Lesbian Movie Free play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the Lesbian Movie Free highest ever box-office grosses.

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Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above Lesbian Movie Free but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. Lesbian Movie Free

Lesbian Movie Free</h2\076