Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film Next Harry Potter Movie is considered to be Next Harry Potter Movie an important Next Harry Potter Movie art form, a source of popular Next Harry Potter Movie entertainment Next Harry Potter Movie and Next Harry Potter Movie a powerful method for educating � Shemale Movie Clips or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the Next Harry Potter Movie illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due Next Harry Potter Movie to an effect known Next Harry Potter Movie as persistence of vision, Next Harry Potter Movie whereby the eye retains a
The origin of Next Harry Potter Movie the name "film" comes from the fact that Next Harry Potter Movie photographic film (also called film Next Harry Potter Movie stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording Next Harry Potter Movie and displaying Next Harry Potter Movie motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the Next Harry Potter Movie movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices Next Harry Potter Movie such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed Next Harry Potter Movie for the images on the pictures Next Harry Potter Movie to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the Next Harry Potter Movie desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the Next Harry Potter Movie development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to Next Harry Potter Movie directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were Next Harry Potter Movie separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were Next Harry Potter Movie shown at a variable speed Next Harry Potter Movie of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the Next Harry Potter Movie 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored Next Harry Potter Movie on a single reel, and led quickly to Next Harry Potter Movie the development of a motion picture projector Next Harry Potter Movie to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving Next Harry Potter Movie picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound Next Harry Potter Movie experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely Next Harry Potter Movie visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative Movie Contain Nudity silent films had gained a Next Harry Potter Movie hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure Next Harry Potter Movie by Next Harry Potter Movie stringing scenes together to tell narratives. Next Harry Potter Movie The scenes were later broken Next Harry Potter Movie up into multiple shots of Next Harry Potter Movie varying sizes and angles. Next Harry Potter Movie Other techniques such Next Harry Potter Movie as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather Next Harry Potter Movie than leave the audience in silence, theater owners Next Harry Potter Movie would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting Next Harry Potter Movie the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most Next Harry Potter Movie films Next Harry Potter Movie came with a prepared list Next Harry Potter Movie of sheet music for this purpose, with Next Harry Potter Movie complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans Next Harry Potter Movie la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early Next Harry Potter Movie narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I Next Harry Potter Movie while the Next Harry Potter Movie film industry in United States flourished with the rise Next Harry Potter Movie of Hollywood. However Next Harry Potter Movie in the 1920s, European filmmakers Next Harry Potter Movie such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith Next Harry Potter Movie and the Next Harry Potter Movie contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the Next Harry Potter Movie medium. In the 1920s, new Next Harry Potter Movie technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack Next Harry Potter Movie of speech, music and sound effects Next Harry Potter Movie synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them Next Harry Potter Movie "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in Next Harry Potter Movie the development of cinema was Next Harry Potter Movie the introduction of so-called "natural" color. Next Harry Potter Movie While the addition of Next Harry Potter Movie sound quickly eclipsed silent film and Next Harry Potter Movie theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and Next Harry Potter Movie became as affordable Next Harry Potter Movie as Scooby Doo The Movie black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the Next Harry Potter Movie end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, Next Harry Potter Movie col
Since the Next Harry Potter Movie decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Next Harry Potter Movie Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated Next Harry Potter Movie independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the Next Harry Potter Movie medium experienced in the latter half Next Harry Potter Movie of the 20th century. Digital technology Next Harry Potter Movie has been the driving force in Next Harry Potter Movie change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and Next Harry Potter Movie systematic concepts that apply Next Harry Potter Movie to the study of film as art. It was started by Next Harry Potter Movie Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth Next Harry Potter Movie of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Antique Movie Posters Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus Next Harry Potter Movie could be considered Next Harry Potter Movie a valid fine art. Next Harry Potter Movie Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not Next Harry Potter Movie in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Next Harry Potter Movie Lacan's psychoanalysis Next Harry Potter Movie and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: Next Harry Potter Movie academic criticism Next Harry Potter Movie by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears Next Harry Potter Movie regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics Next Harry Potter Movie working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Next Harry Potter Movie releases. Normally they Next Harry Potter Movie only see Next Harry Potter Movie any given film once and Next Harry Potter Movie have only a day Next Harry Potter Movie or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of Next Harry Potter Movie a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews Next Harry Potter Movie is extremely important. Poor Next Harry Potter Movie reviews Next Harry Potter Movie will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against Next Harry Potter Movie it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted Next Harry Potter Movie movies which Next Harry Potter Movie were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Next Harry Potter Movie in little-known films. Next Harry Potter Movie Conversely, Next Harry Potter Movie there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give Next Harry Potter Movie reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning Next Harry Potter Movie of the film. However, this usually backfires as Next Harry Potter Movie reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly Free Milf Movie as a result.
It is Next Harry Potter Movie argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of Next Harry Potter Movie work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their Next Harry Potter Movie works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend Next Harry Potter Movie to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a Next Harry Potter Movie source of profit almost as soon as the process was The Rock Movie invented. Upon Next Harry Potter Movie seeing how successful Next Harry Potter Movie their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Next Harry Potter Movie first films privately to Next Harry Potter Movie royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, Next Harry Potter Movie found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their Next Harry Potter Movie equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional Next Harry Potter Movie product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation Next Harry Potter Movie needed] was the Next Harry Potter Movie first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Next Harry Potter Movie motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Next Harry Potter Movie formed specifically to produce Next Harry Potter Movie and distribute films, while motion Next Harry Potter Movie picture actors became major celebrities Next Harry Potter Movie and Next Harry Potter Movie commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by Next Harry Potter Movie 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year Next Harry Potter Movie produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title Next Harry Potter Movie is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense Next Harry Potter Movie involved in Next Harry Potter Movie making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment Next Harry Potter Movie have allowed Next Harry Potter Movie independent film Next Harry Potter Movie productions to flourish.
Profit is Next Harry Potter Movie a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many Next Harry Potter Movie films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Next Harry Potter Movie Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Next Harry Potter Movie Yet many filmmakers Next Harry Potter Movie strive Next Harry Potter Movie to create works of lasting Next Harry Potter Movie social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most Next Harry Potter Movie prominent film awards Next Harry Potter Movie in the United Next Harry Potter Movie States, providing recognition Next Harry Potter Movie each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic Next Harry Potter Movie merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition Next Harry Potter Movie to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate Next Harry Potter Movie promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the Next Harry Potter Movie future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at Next Harry Potter Movie the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, Next Harry Potter Movie because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines Next Harry Potter Movie the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made Next Harry Potter Movie with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, Next Harry Potter Movie an open Next Harry Potter Movie source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place Next Harry Potter Movie all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced Next Harry Potter Movie in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is Next Harry Potter Movie taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third Next Harry Potter Movie year, Next Harry Potter Movie post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Next Harry Potter Movie crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film Next Harry Potter Movie or motion picture. Crew are Next Harry Potter Movie distinguished Next Harry Potter Movie from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera Next Harry Potter Movie or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew Next Harry Potter Movie interacts Next Harry Potter Movie with but is Next Harry Potter Movie also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company Next Harry Potter Movie representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such Next Harry Potter Movie as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes Next Harry Potter Movie through the director and his/her Next Harry Potter Movie staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well Next Harry Potter Movie defined hierarchies Next Harry Potter Movie and Next Harry Potter Movie standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles Handjob Movie Tgp everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film Next Harry Potter Movie stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of Next Harry Potter Movie film base used to record motion pictures, but due to Next Harry Potter Movie its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a Next Harry Potter Movie rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture Next Harry Potter Movie film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames Next Harry Potter Movie per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, Next Harry Potter Movie research indicates most Next Harry Potter Movie films Next Harry Potter Movie were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s Next Harry Potter Movie and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene Next Harry Potter Movie should Next Harry Potter Movie be shown) Next Harry Potter Movie [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus Next Harry Potter Movie cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient Next Harry Potter Movie sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization Next Harry Potter Movie of Next Harry Potter Movie cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet Next Harry Potter Movie camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to Next Harry Potter Movie be usable without requiring Next Harry Potter Movie large "blimps" to encase Next Harry Potter Movie the camera, the invention of more sophisticated Next Harry Potter Movie filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can Internet Adult Movie Database be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of Next Harry Potter Movie the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Next Harry Potter Movie developed as the basis for photography. It can be used Next Harry Potter Movie to present a Next Harry Potter Movie progressive sequence of still images Next Harry Potter Movie in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary Next Harry Potter Movie historical documentation. However, Next Harry Potter Movie historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the Next Harry Potter Movie Movie Effects motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern Next Harry Potter Movie safety Next Harry Potter Movie films. Next Harry Potter Movie Some studios save color films through the use Next Harry Potter Movie of separation masters Next Harry Potter Movie � three Next Harry Potter Movie B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation Next Harry Potter Movie of decaying film stock is a matter of concern Next Harry Potter Movie to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their Next Harry Potter Movie existing products in order to Next Harry Potter Movie make them available to Next Harry Potter Movie future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in Next Harry Potter Movie recent Next Harry Potter Movie decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors Next Harry Potter Movie are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, Next Harry Potter Movie especially Next Harry Potter Movie because footage can be evaluated and Next Harry Potter Movie edited without waiting for Next Harry Potter Movie the Next Harry Potter Movie film stock to be Next Harry Potter Movie processed. Yet the Next Harry Potter Movie migration is gradual, and as of Next Harry Potter Movie 2005 most Next Harry Potter Movie major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An Next Harry Potter Movie independent film (or Next Harry Potter Movie indie film) is a film initially produced without Next Harry Potter Movie financing or distribution from a Next Harry Potter Movie major Next Harry Potter Movie movie studio. Creative, business, Next Harry Potter Movie and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the Next Harry Potter Movie late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also Next Harry Potter Movie leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up Next Harry Potter Movie from 10% in 1987).[2] Next Harry Potter Movie A hopeful director Next Harry Potter Movie is almost never given the opportunity to Next Harry Potter Movie get Next Harry Potter Movie a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios Next Harry Potter Movie rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of Next Harry Potter Movie professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Next Harry Potter Movie film. The cost Next Harry Potter Movie of 35 Next Harry Potter Movie mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the Next Harry Potter Movie advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more Next Harry Potter Movie importantly, the arrival Next Harry Potter Movie of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both Next Harry Potter Movie production and Next Harry Potter Movie post-production Next Harry Potter Movie costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for Next Harry Potter Movie post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Next Harry Potter Movie Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making Next Harry Potter Movie relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of Next Harry Potter Movie DV technology, the means of Next Harry Potter Movie production have Next Harry Potter Movie become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot Desktop Movie Wallpaper and edit a movie, create and Next Harry Potter Movie edit the sound and music, and mix the Next Harry Potter Movie final cut on Next Harry Potter Movie a home computer. However, while the means of Next Harry Potter Movie production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional Next Harry Potter Movie system. Next Harry Potter Movie Most independent filmmakers rely Scary Movie Script on film festivals to get their Next Harry Potter Movie films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in Next Harry Potter Movie ways that are still to be determined.
Open content Next Harry Potter Movie film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an Next Harry Potter Movie independent film, but it is produced through open Next Harry Potter Movie collaborations; its source Next Harry Potter Movie material is Next Harry Potter Movie available under a license which is permissive enough Next Harry Potter Movie to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open Next Harry Potter Movie source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan Next Harry Potter Movie film
A Next Harry Potter Movie fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television Next Harry Potter Movie program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have Next Harry Potter Movie traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have Next Harry Potter Movie actually been Next Harry Potter Movie produced by professional filmmakers as Next Harry Potter Movie film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan Next Harry Potter Movie films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length Next Harry Potter Movie motion pictures
Animation is the technique in Next Harry Potter Movie which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, Next Harry Potter Movie or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop Next Harry Potter Movie motion), Next Harry Potter Movie and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of Next Harry Potter Movie 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Next Harry Potter Movie Generating such Next Harry Potter Movie a film is very Next Harry Potter Movie labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash Next Harry Potter Movie allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single Next Harry Potter Movie person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a Next Harry Potter Movie projector.
Venues
When it Next Harry Potter Movie is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The Next Harry Potter Movie first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Next Harry Potter Movie Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from Next Harry Potter Movie existing facilities within Next Harry Potter Movie a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters Next Harry Potter Movie came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost Next Harry Potter Movie a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, Next Harry Potter Movie there were "double features"; typically, a high quality Next Harry Potter Movie "A picture" rented by an independent theater for Next Harry Potter Movie a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Next Harry Potter Movie known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer Next Harry Potter Movie being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also Next Harry Potter Movie enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started Next Harry Potter Movie to become Next Harry Potter Movie revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically Next Harry Potter Movie for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values Next Harry Potter Movie on these films are often Next Harry Potter Movie considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays Next Harry Potter Movie an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, Next Harry Potter Movie and decreases as the duration of a film's showing Next Harry Potter Movie continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this Next Harry Potter Movie rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count Next Harry Potter Movie through good word-of-mouth Movie Screensavers and reviews. According Next Harry Potter Movie to a Next Harry Potter Movie 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television Movie Sahara (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around Next Harry Potter Movie for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in Next Harry Potter Movie the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became Next Harry Potter Movie widely available, industry analysts predicted the Species The Movie demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing Next Harry Potter Movie technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development Next Harry Potter Movie of color television and large screens, motion picture Next Harry Potter Movie cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the Next Harry Potter Movie 1990s and 2000s the development of Next Harry Potter Movie digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems Next Harry Potter Movie with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma Next Harry Potter Movie screens Next Harry Potter Movie enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly Next Harry Potter Movie improved audio and visual reproduction. These Next Harry Potter Movie new technologies provided audio and visual that in the Next Harry Potter Movie past Next Harry Potter Movie only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, Next Harry Potter Movie clear widescreen presentation of Next Harry Potter Movie a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Next Harry Potter Movie industry Next Harry Potter Movie analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local Next Harry Potter Movie cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach Next Harry Potter Movie which will Next Harry Potter Movie allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a Next Harry Potter Movie reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes Next |
