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Film is a term that encompasses individual motion Movie Effects pictures, the field of Movie Effects film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images Movie Effects from the world with

Movie Effects

cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or Movie Effects special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, Movie Effects in turn, affect Movie Effects them. Film is considered to be an important art form, Movie Effects a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating Movie Effects � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles Movie Effects that translate Movie Effects the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images Movie Effects called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the Movie Effects illusion that motion Movie Effects is occurring. The viewer cannot

Movie Effects

see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the Movie Effects eye retains a The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary Movie Effects medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other Movie Effects terms exist for an Movie Effects individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms Movie Effects for the field Movie Effects in general include the Movie Effects big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and Movie Effects the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional

Movie Effects

images in motion were demonstrated with devices

Movie Effects

such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display

Movie Effects

sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear Movie Effects to be moving, a Movie Effects phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to Movie Effects achieve the desired effect Movie Effects �

Movie Effects

and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest Movie Effects film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the Movie Effects technology sometimes required a person to look into Movie Effects a viewing Movie Effects machine to see the pictures which Movie Effects were separate paper prints attached to a drum Movie Effects turned by a Movie Effects handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the Movie Effects development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to Movie Effects the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and Movie Effects magnify these "moving picture shows" Movie Effects onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known Movie Effects as

Movie Effects

"motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's Movie Effects early sound experiments Movie Effects (1894), Movie Effects commercial motion pictures were purely visual Movie Effects art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell Movie Effects narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Movie Effects camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater Movie Effects owners would hire Movie Effects a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood Movie Effects of the film at any Movie Effects given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of Movie Effects sheet music for this purpose, Movie Effects with complete film scores being composed Movie Effects for major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The Movie Effects rise of European Movie Effects cinema was interrupted by the Movie Effects breakout of World War

Movie Effects

I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz

Movie Effects

Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, Movie Effects new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects Movie Effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", Movie Effects or Movie Effects talkies. The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually Movie Effects as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but Movie Effects as color Movie Effects processes improved and became as affordable as Movie Effects black-and-white film, more and Movie Effects more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the Movie Effects industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its Movie Effects competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium Movie Effects until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the

Movie Effects

decline of the studio system in the 1960s,

Movie Effects

the succeeding decades saw changes

Movie Effects

in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and Movie Effects the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the Movie Effects driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st Movie Effects century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that Movie Effects apply to the study Movie Effects of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Movie Effects Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Movie Effects Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus Movie Effects could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Movie Effects Bazin reacted against Movie Effects this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality Movie Effects not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to Movie Effects psychoanalytical Movie Effects film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, Movie Effects these Movie Effects works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism Movie Effects by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a Movie Effects day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an Movie Effects important impact on films, Movie Effects especially those Movie Effects of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any Movie Effects film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and Movie Effects financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given Movie Effects film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some Movie Effects claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of Movie Effects some heavily-promoted Movie Effects movies Movie Effects which were harshly reviewed, as Movie Effects well as the unexpected success

Movie Effects

of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in Movie Effects little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies Movie Effects have so little confidence that they Movie Effects refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers Movie Effects are wise to the tactic and warn the Movie Effects public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as Movie Effects a result. It is argued that journalist Movie Effects film Movie Effects critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These Movie Effects film critics attempt to come Movie Effects to understand how film and Movie Effects filming Movie Effects techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their Movie Effects works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of Movie Effects motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, Movie Effects was

Movie Effects

in their native France, the Lumieres quickly Movie Effects set about touring the Movie Effects Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes Movie Effects to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found Movie Effects local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other Movie Effects pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and Movie Effects companies formed specifically to produce and distribute Movie Effects films, while motion picture Movie Effects actors became Movie Effects major celebrities Movie Effects and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual Movie Effects salary of one Movie Effects million Movie Effects dollars. In the Movie Effects United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist Movie Effects in many Movie Effects parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered

Movie Effects

Bollywood, the Movie Effects Indian Movie Effects film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Movie Effects Whether Movie Effects the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is Movie Effects the Movie Effects source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the Movie Effects auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the industry, Movie Effects due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have Movie Effects large cost overruns, a Movie Effects notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Movie Effects many filmmakers strive to create Movie Effects works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, Movie Effects ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also a large Movie Effects industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for Movie Effects the purposes Movie Effects of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited Movie Effects in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally

Movie Effects

been shown at the Movie Effects end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or Movie Effects the A movie

Movie Effects

in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer Movie Effects generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens Movie Effects of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Movie Effects very little. Also, an open Scooby Doo The Movie source film may Movie Effects be

Movie Effects

produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking Movie Effects takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and Movie Effects is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the Movie Effects American studio system. This production cycle typically takes three years. The first Movie Effects year is Movie Effects taken up with development. The Movie Effects second year comprises preproduction Movie Effects and production. The third Movie Effects year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, Movie Effects employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who Movie Effects appear in front of the camera or provide voices Movie Effects for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but Movie Effects is also distinct from the production Movie Effects staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, Movie Effects their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in Movie Effects pre-production Movie Effects or post-production phases, such Movie Effects as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes Movie Effects through the Movie Effects director and his/her staff of Movie Effects assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, Movie Effects electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an Movie Effects emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to Movie Effects its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed Movie Effects to Movie Effects theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture Movie Effects film was shot and projected at Movie Effects various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per Movie Effects minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent Movie Effects speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how Movie Effects fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the Movie Effects late 1920s, a constant speed was Movie Effects required Movie Effects for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the Movie Effects slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Movie Effects Antique Movie Posters Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a Movie Effects consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing Movie Effects directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The Movie Effects soundtrack can be Movie Effects recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is Movie Effects not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the Movie Effects basis for Movie Effects photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form Movie Effects of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films Movie Effects have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied Movie Effects onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films Movie Effects through the

Movie Effects

use of separation masters � three Movie Effects B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a Movie Effects reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although Movie Effects their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, Movie Effects and to companies interested in preserving Movie Effects their existing products in order to make Movie Effects them Movie Effects available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color Movie Effects films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology Movie Effects similar

Movie Effects

to that used in television Movie Effects production. Modern digital video cameras and Movie Effects digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are Movie Effects extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can Movie Effects be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock Movie Effects to Movie Effects be processed. Yet the migration Movie Effects is gradual, and Movie Effects as of 2005 most major motion pictures are Movie Effects still recorded on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing Movie Effects or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint

Movie Effects

ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful Movie Effects director is Movie Effects almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely Movie Effects produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is Movie Effects outpacing inflation: Movie Effects in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer Movie Effects camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution

Movie Effects

digital video in Movie Effects the early 1990s, Movie Effects have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production Movie Effects and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; Movie Effects today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a Movie Effects commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of Movie Effects production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the Movie Effects final cut on a home computer. Movie Effects However, while the means of Movie Effects production may be democratized, Movie Effects financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent Movie Effects filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube Movie Effects and Veoh has further changed Movie Effects the Movie Effects film making Movie Effects landscape in ways that are still to be determined. Open content film Main Movie Effects article: Movie Effects Open content film An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through Movie Effects open collaborations; its source material is available under a license Movie Effects which is permissive

Movie Effects

enough to allow other parties Movie Effects to create fan fiction or derivative works, Movie Effects than a Movie Effects traditional copyright. Like independent Movie Effects filmmaking, open source filmmaking Free Milf Movie takes

Movie Effects

place outside of Hollywood, Movie Effects or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A fan film is a Movie Effects film or video inspired by a Movie Effects film, television Movie Effects program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the Movie Effects source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but Movie Effects some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers

Movie Effects

as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, Movie Effects from short faux-teaser

Movie Effects

trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced Movie Effects individually, whether generated as a computer graphic,

Movie Effects

or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then Movie Effects photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is Movie Effects viewed at a speed of Movie Effects 16 or more frames per second, there is an The Rock Movie illusion of continuous movement (due to Movie Effects the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation Movie Effects has greatly sped up the process. File Handjob Movie Tgp formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer Movie Effects or over Movie Effects the Internet. Because Movie Effects animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional Movie Effects animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter Movie Effects the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by Movie Effects using

Movie Effects

"short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by Movie Effects UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are Movie Effects now using digital technologies in their Movie Effects productions, there is Movie Effects a specific style of animation Movie Effects that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Movie Effects Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted Movie Effects and drawn directly onto pieces Movie Effects of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, Movie Effects a feature film is often Movie Effects shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema.

Movie Effects

The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened Movie Effects in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be Movie Effects known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Movie Effects Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high Movie Effects quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented Movie Effects for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown

Movie Effects

before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Movie Effects known as trailers

Movie Effects

or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to Movie Effects be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually Movie Effects after the film is no Movie Effects longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled

Movie Effects

consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started Movie Effects to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies Movie Effects or Movie Effects direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie Movie Effects theater pays an average of Movie Effects about

Movie Effects

50-55% of its ticket sales to the Movie Effects movie studio, Movie Effects as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing Movie Effects continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater Movie Effects longer. However, today's barrage of highly Movie Effects marketed movies ensures that Movie Effects most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 Movie Effects weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in Movie Effects only a few Movie Effects theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, Movie Effects about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; Internet Adult Movie Database 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, Movie Effects cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine Movie Effects arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from Movie Effects television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion Movie Effects picture cinemas continued. In Movie Effects the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly Movie Effects predicted the death of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and Movie Effects 2000s the development of digital DVD players,

Movie Effects

home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and Movie Effects visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual Movie Effects that in the past Movie Effects only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation Movie Effects of a film with a full-range, Movie Effects high-quality Movie Effects multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise Movie Effects of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new Movie Effects approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a Movie Effects reprieve from their predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the Movie Effects likes of a new DVD

Movie Effects

format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the

Movie Effects

resolutions and quality that film Movie Effects offers, 1080p in

Movie Effects

Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer Movie Effects a massive resolution of Movie Effects 7680?4320, surpassing all current film Movie Effects resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations Movie Effects is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme Movie Effects 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home Movie Effects video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year Movie Effects in film that showed the highest ever Movie Effects box-office Movie Effects grosses. Many expected film to suffer as Movie Effects a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio Movie Effects expectations for the future.

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