Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced Hollywood Movie Posters by recording images Hollywood Movie Posters from the world with cameras, or by creating Hollywood Movie Posters images using Hollywood Movie Posters animation techniques or Hollywood Movie Posters special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts Hollywood Movie Posters created by specific cultures, which reflect those Hollywood Movie Posters cultures, and, in Hollywood Movie Posters turn, affect them. Hollywood Movie Posters Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for Hollywood Movie Posters educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema Lesbian Movie Free gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films Hollywood Movie Posters have become popular Hollywood Movie Posters worldwide attractions by using dubbing Hollywood Movie Posters or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up Hollywood Movie Posters of a series of individual images called frames. When Hollywood Movie Posters these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that Hollywood Movie Posters motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the Hollywood Movie Posters eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic Hollywood Movie Posters film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many Hollywood Movie Posters other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in Hollywood Movie Posters general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the Hollywood Movie Posters movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still Hollywood Movie Posters pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to Hollywood Movie Posters appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect Hollywood Movie Posters � and the underlying Hollywood Movie Posters principle became Hollywood Movie Posters the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame Hollywood Movie Posters from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the Hollywood Movie Posters pictures which were separate paper prints attached to Hollywood Movie Posters a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second Hollywood Movie Posters depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Hollywood Movie Posters Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, Hollywood Movie Posters the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and Hollywood Movie Posters stored on a single reel, and led quickly Hollywood Movie Posters to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a Hollywood Movie Posters screen for an entire Free Cumshot Movie Gallery audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion Hollywood Movie Posters pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Hollywood Movie Posters Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera Hollywood Movie Posters movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full Hollywood Movie Posters orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, Hollywood Movie Posters most films Hollywood Movie Posters came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans Hollywood Movie Posters la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of Hollywood Movie Posters World War I while the film industry in Hollywood Movie Posters United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology Hollywood Movie Posters allowed filmmakers Hollywood Movie Posters to attach to each film a soundtrack of Hollywood Movie Posters speech, music and sound Hollywood Movie Posters effects synchronized with the action on the screen. Hollywood Movie Posters These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or Hollywood Movie Posters talkies.
The next major step in the development of Hollywood Movie Posters cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods Hollywood Movie Posters evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. Hollywood Movie Posters The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and Hollywood Movie Posters became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and Hollywood Movie Posters more movies were filmed in color after the end of World Hollywood Movie Posters War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained She Hulk Movie a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Hollywood Movie Posters the end of the 1960s, Hollywood Movie Posters col
Since the decline of the Hollywood Movie Posters studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw Hollywood Movie Posters changes in Hollywood Movie Posters the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced Hollywood Movie Posters in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main Hollywood Movie Posters article: Film theory
Film Hollywood Movie Posters theory seeks to Hollywood Movie Posters develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth Hollywood Movie Posters of Hollywood Movie Posters the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. Hollywood Movie Posters More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist Hollywood Movie Posters film theory and others.
Criticism
Main Hollywood Movie Posters article: Hollywood Movie Posters Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, Hollywood Movie Posters these works can be divided into two Hollywood Movie Posters categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and Hollywood Movie Posters other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, Hollywood Movie Posters and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they The First Transformers Movie Released only see Hollywood Movie Posters any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be Hollywood Movie Posters greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. Hollywood Movie Posters The plot summary and description Hollywood Movie Posters of a film that makes up the majority of any Hollywood Movie Posters film Hollywood Movie Posters review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a Hollywood Movie Posters film. For prestige films such as most Hollywood Movie Posters dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom Hollywood Movie Posters a film to obscurity and Hollywood Movie Posters financial loss.
The impact The Nightmare Before Christmas Movie of a reviewer on a given film's box office Hollywood Movie Posters performance is a matter of Hollywood Movie Posters debate. Some claim that movie marketing is Hollywood Movie Posters now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against Hollywood Movie Posters it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical Hollywood Movie Posters reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film Hollywood Movie Posters companies Hollywood Movie Posters have so little confidence that Hollywood Movie Posters they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires Hollywood Movie Posters as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It Hollywood Movie Posters is argued that Hollywood Movie Posters journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, Hollywood Movie Posters and true film critics are those who Hollywood Movie Posters take a Hollywood Movie Posters more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. Hollywood Movie Posters These film critics Hollywood Movie Posters attempt to come to understand how film Hollywood Movie Posters and filming Hollywood Movie Posters techniques work, and what effect they Hollywood Movie Posters have on people. Rather Hollywood Movie Posters than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon Hollywood Movie Posters as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their Hollywood Movie Posters new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Hollywood Movie Posters first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe Hollywood Movie Posters to buy Hollywood Movie Posters their equipment and photograph, export, import and Hollywood Movie Posters screen Hollywood Movie Posters additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Hollywood Movie Posters motion pictures became a separate industry that Hollywood Movie Posters overshadowed Hollywood Movie Posters the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Hollywood Movie Posters formed specifically Hollywood Movie Posters to produce and distribute films, while Hollywood Movie Posters motion Hollywood Movie Posters picture actors became major celebrities Hollywood Movie Posters and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
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In the United States Hollywood Movie Posters today, much of Hollywood Movie Posters the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional Hollywood Movie Posters centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Hollywood Movie Posters Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of Hollywood Movie Posters films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year Hollywood Movie Posters produced by the Valley pornographic film Hollywood Movie Posters industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the Hollywood Movie Posters expense involved in making movies has led Hollywood Movie Posters cinema production to Hollywood Movie Posters concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent Hollywood Movie Posters advances in affordable film making equipment Hollywood Movie Posters have Hollywood Movie Posters allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit Hollywood Movie Posters is a key force in Hollywood Movie Posters the industry, due to the costly and risky nature Hollywood Movie Posters of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create Hollywood Movie Posters works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") Hollywood Movie Posters are Hollywood Movie Posters the most prominent film awards Hollywood Movie Posters in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually Hollywood Movie Posters for the purposes of corporate Hollywood Movie Posters promotions, before the public film premiere Hollywood Movie Posters itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if Hollywood Movie Posters unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will Hollywood Movie Posters be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last Hollywood Movie Posters long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the Hollywood Movie Posters films ended, Hollywood Movie Posters but the name has stuck. Trailers Hollywood Movie Posters are now shown Hollywood Movie Posters before the film (or the A movie Hollywood Movie Posters in a double feature Hollywood Movie Posters program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated Hollywood Movie Posters imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, Hollywood Movie Posters rotoscopers and compositors. However, a Hollywood Movie Posters low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Hollywood Movie Posters place all over the world using different Hollywood Movie Posters technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety Hollywood Movie Posters of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A Hollywood Movie Posters film crew is a Hollywood Movie Posters group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, Hollywood Movie Posters the actors who appear in Hollywood Movie Posters front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with Hollywood Movie Posters but is also Hollywood Movie Posters distinct from the production Hollywood Movie Posters staff, consisting Movie Myspace Layouts of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or Hollywood Movie Posters post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and Hollywood Movie Posters his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large Hollywood Movie Posters crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards Hollywood Movie Posters for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew Hollywood Movie Posters handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., Hollywood Movie Posters lights), sets, and production Hollywood Movie Posters special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of Hollywood Movie Posters the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, Hollywood Movie Posters acetate, or polyester Hollywood Movie Posters base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film Hollywood Movie Posters base used to Hollywood Movie Posters record Hollywood Movie Posters motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for Hollywood Movie Posters images on the reel Hollywood Movie Posters have had a Hollywood Movie Posters rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving Hollywood Movie Posters picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using Hollywood Movie Posters hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per Hollywood Movie Posters minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a Hollywood Movie Posters standard Hollywood Movie Posters silent speed, research indicates most Hollywood Movie Posters films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected Hollywood Movie Posters from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the Hollywood Movie Posters late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the Hollywood Movie Posters mechanization of Hollywood Movie Posters cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to Hollywood Movie Posters be usable without requiring large "blimps" to Hollywood Movie Posters encase the camera, Hollywood Movie Posters the invention Hollywood Movie Posters of more sophisticated filmstocks and Hollywood Movie Posters lenses, Hollywood Movie Posters allowing directors to film Hollywood Movie Posters in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the Hollywood Movie Posters same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of Hollywood Movie Posters the soundtrack Hollywood Movie Posters are usually Hollywood Movie Posters recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a Hollywood Movie Posters slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia Hollywood Movie Posters presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose Hollywood Movie Posters nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Hollywood Movie Posters Some studios save color films Hollywood Movie Posters through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, Hollywood Movie Posters or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle Hollywood Movie Posters makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both Hollywood Movie Posters film historians and archivists, and to Hollywood Movie Posters companies interested Hollywood Movie Posters in preserving their existing products in order Hollywood Movie Posters to make Hollywood Movie Posters them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation Hollywood Movie Posters is generally a higher-concern for nitrate Hollywood Movie Posters and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and Hollywood Movie Posters white films on Hollywood Movie Posters safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to Hollywood Movie Posters keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology Firewall Movie similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining Hollywood Movie Posters ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to Hollywood Movie Posters moviemakers, Hollywood Movie Posters especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without Hollywood Movie Posters waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the Hollywood Movie Posters migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major Hollywood Movie Posters motion pictures are Hollywood Movie Posters still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Hollywood Movie Posters Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Hollywood Movie Posters indie film) is Hollywood Movie Posters a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons Hollywood Movie Posters have all contributed to the growth Hollywood Movie Posters of the indie film scene Hollywood Movie Posters in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast Hollywood Movie Posters and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Hollywood Movie Posters Bros. in Hollywood Movie Posters 2000 were joint ventures, up Hollywood Movie Posters from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, Hollywood Movie Posters the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 Hollywood Movie Posters mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film Hollywood Movie Posters negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in Hollywood Movie Posters 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital Hollywood Movie Posters video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier Hollywood Movie Posters to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production Hollywood Movie Posters costs Hollywood Movie Posters have been significantly Hollywood Movie Posters lowered; Hollywood Movie Posters today, the hardware and software for Hollywood Movie Posters post-production can be installed Hollywood Movie Posters in Hollywood Movie Posters a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections Hollywood Movie Posters and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such Hollywood Movie Posters as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV Hollywood Movie Posters technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can Hollywood Movie Posters conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and Hollywood Movie Posters edit the Hollywood Movie Posters sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain Hollywood Movie Posters difficult Hollywood Movie Posters to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent Hollywood Movie Posters filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and Hollywood Movie Posters sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape Hollywood Movie Posters in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source Hollywood Movie Posters material is available under a license Hollywood Movie Posters which is Hollywood Movie Posters permissive enough to allow other parties to Hollywood Movie Posters create fan fiction or derivative works, Hollywood Movie Posters than a Hollywood Movie Posters traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, Hollywood Movie Posters open Hollywood Movie Posters source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film Hollywood Movie Posters is a film or video inspired by a film, Susan George Movie Stills television program, comic book or a Hollywood Movie Posters similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers Hollywood Movie Posters have traditionally been amateurs, but some of Hollywood Movie Posters the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film Hollywood Movie Posters school class projects or as demonstration reels. Hollywood Movie Posters Fan films vary tremendously in length, Hollywood Movie Posters from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation Hollywood Movie Posters is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Hollywood Movie Posters a computer graphic, or by photographing a Hollywood Movie Posters drawn image, Hollywood Movie Posters or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames Hollywood Movie Posters are strung together and the Hollywood Movie Posters resulting film is viewed at a speed of Hollywood Movie Posters 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is Hollywood Movie Posters very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation Hollywood Movie Posters to be viewed on a computer Hollywood Movie Posters or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies Hollywood Movie Posters comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least Hollywood Movie Posters since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter Hollywood Movie Posters the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific Hollywood Movie Posters style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Hobbit Movie Any Plans famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Hollywood Movie Posters Lye and Stan Brakhage, is Hollywood Movie Posters painted and drawn directly onto pieces of Hollywood Movie Posters film, and then run through a Hollywood Movie Posters projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is Hollywood Movie Posters often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or Hollywood Movie Posters converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, Hollywood Movie Posters because admission typically cost a Hollywood Movie Posters nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the Hollywood Movie Posters featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater Hollywood Movie Posters for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies Hollywood Movie Posters and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to Hollywood Movie Posters be broadcast to Hollywood Movie Posters larger audiences, usually after the Hollywood Movie Posters film is no longer being Hollywood Movie Posters shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled Hollywood Movie Posters consumers to rent or Hollywood Movie Posters buy copies of Hollywood Movie Posters films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet Hollywood Movie Posters downloads may Hollywood Movie Posters be Hollywood Movie Posters available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production Hollywood Movie Posters values on these films are often considered Hollywood Movie Posters to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films Hollywood Movie Posters that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing Hollywood Movie Posters continues, as Hollywood Movie Posters an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's Hollywood Movie Posters barrage of highly Hollywood Movie Posters marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run Hollywood Movie Posters theaters for less Hollywood Movie Posters than 8 weeks. There are a Hollywood Movie Posters few movies every year that defy Hollywood Movie Posters this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only Hollywood Movie Posters a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study Hollywood Movie Posters by ABN AMRO, about 26% Hollywood Movie Posters of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide Hollywood Movie Posters income came from box office ticket sales; Free Music And Movie Download 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of Hollywood Movie Posters fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie Hollywood Movie Posters theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over Hollywood Movie Posters the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, Hollywood Movie Posters when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders Hollywood Movie Posters enabled people to select Hollywood Movie Posters films for home viewing, Hollywood Movie Posters industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development Hollywood Movie Posters of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people Hollywood Movie Posters to select and view films at Broken Movie home with greatly improved audio and Hollywood Movie Posters visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas Hollywood Movie Posters had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound Hollywood Movie Posters system. Once again industry analysts Hollywood Movie Posters predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will Hollywood Movie Posters be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach Hollywood Movie Posters which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard Hollywood Movie Posters disks), a development which may give local theaters a Hollywood Movie Posters reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the Hollywood Movie Posters likes of Hollywood Movie Posters a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats Hollywood Movie Posters are Hollywood Movie Posters gradually catching up with |
