Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film The Rock Movie as an art form, and the The Rock Movie motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world The Rock Movie with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques The Rock Movie or special effects.
Films The Rock Movie are cultural artifacts created by The Rock Movie specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect The Rock Movie them. Film is considered to The Rock Movie be an important art form, a source The Rock Movie of popular entertainment and a The Rock Movie powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � The Rock Movie citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become The Rock Movie popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing The Rock Movie or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are The Rock Movie made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that The Rock Movie motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between The Rock Movie frames due to an effect known The Rock Movie as persistence of The Rock Movie vision, whereby The Rock Movie the eye retains a
The origin of the The Rock Movie name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium The Cell Movie for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist The Rock Movie for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, The Rock Movie the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional The Rock Movie images in The Rock Movie motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines The Rock Movie were outgrowths of simple optical The Rock Movie devices (such as magic The Rock Movie lanterns) and would display The Rock Movie sequences of still pictures The Rock Movie at sufficient speed The Rock Movie for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the The Rock Movie images needed The Rock Movie to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect The Rock Movie � and the underlying principle became the The Rock Movie basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by The Rock Movie Louis The Rock Movie Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it The Rock Movie became possible The Rock Movie to directly capture objects in motion in real The Rock Movie time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a The Rock Movie handcrank. The pictures were shown at a The Rock Movie variable The Rock Movie speed The Rock Movie of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending The Rock Movie on how rapidly the crank The Rock Movie was turned. Some of The Rock Movie these machines were coin operated. The Rock Movie By the 1880s, the development The Rock Movie of the motion The Rock Movie picture camera allowed the The Rock Movie individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture The Rock Movie projector to shine light The Rock Movie through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for The Rock Movie an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static The Rock Movie shots that showed an event or The Rock Movie action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn The Rock Movie of The Rock Movie the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell The Rock Movie narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying The Rock Movie sizes and angles. The Rock Movie Other techniques such as camera movement The Rock Movie were realized as effective ways to The Rock Movie portray a story on film. The Rock Movie Rather than leave the audience The Rock Movie in silence, The Rock Movie theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of The Rock Movie the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for The Rock Movie this The Rock Movie purpose, with complete film The Rock Movie scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la The Rock Movie Lune (A Trip to The Rock Movie the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World The Rock Movie War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers The Rock Movie such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with The Rock Movie American innovator D. The Rock Movie W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. The Rock Movie These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed The Rock Movie silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved The Rock Movie and became as The Rock Movie affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World The Rock Movie War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with The Rock Movie television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the The Rock Movie mid-1960s. By The Rock Movie the The Rock Movie end of the 1960s, col
Since the The Rock Movie decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw The Rock Movie changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of The Rock Movie film school educated independent filmmakers were all part The Rock Movie of the The Rock Movie changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid The Rock Movie fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More The Rock Movie recent analysis spurred The Rock Movie by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film The Rock Movie theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only The Rock Movie a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially The Rock Movie those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, The Rock Movie horror, The Rock Movie and comedy films tend not to be The Rock Movie greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary The Rock Movie and description of The Rock Movie a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on The Rock Movie whether people decide to see a film. For The Rock Movie prestige The Rock Movie films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity The Rock Movie and financial loss.
|
The impact of The Rock Movie a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that The Rock Movie movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, The Rock Movie the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies The Rock Movie indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. The Rock Movie Conversely, there have been several films in which The Rock Movie film companies have so little confidence that they refuse The Rock Movie to give The Rock Movie reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of The Rock Movie the film. The Rock Movie However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the The Rock Movie tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly The Rock Movie as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film The Rock Movie critics are those who take a more academic approach to The Rock Movie films. The Rock Movie This line of work is more often known as film theory or The Rock Movie film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and The Rock Movie what effect they have on people. Rather than The Rock Movie having The Rock Movie their works published in newspapers or The Rock Movie appear on television, their articles are published The Rock Movie in The Rock Movie scholarly The Rock Movie journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and The Rock Movie its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first The Rock Movie films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. The Rock Movie In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the The Rock Movie various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a The Rock Movie separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters The Rock Movie and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, The Rock Movie while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees The Rock Movie for their performances. The Rock Movie Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the The Rock Movie United States today, much The Rock Movie of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other The Rock Movie regional The Rock Movie centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number The Rock Movie of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley The Rock Movie pornographic film industry should qualify The Rock Movie for this title The Rock Movie is The Rock Movie the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable Movie Collector film making equipment have allowed The Rock Movie independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force The Rock Movie in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, The Rock Movie a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, The Rock Movie providing The Rock Movie recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, The Rock Movie before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, The Rock Movie may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that The Rock Movie will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The Rock Movie The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not The Rock Movie last long, because The Rock Movie patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, The Rock Movie but the name has stuck. The Rock Movie Trailers are now shown The Rock Movie before the film (or the A movie in a double feature The Rock Movie program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure The Rock Movie films need The Rock Movie computer The Rock Movie generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. The Rock Movie However, a low-budget, independent film may The Rock Movie be The Rock Movie made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of The Rock Movie acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of The Rock Movie economic The Rock Movie contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary The Rock Movie in China to profit-oriented The Rock Movie movie The Rock Movie making within the American The Rock Movie studio The Rock Movie system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The The Rock Movie first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production The Rock Movie and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film The Rock Movie crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" The Rock Movie or "photography" The Rock Movie phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the The Rock Movie camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, The Rock Movie and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction The Rock Movie and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles The Rock Movie everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and The Rock Movie production special effects. Caterers (known in the The Rock Movie film industry as "craft The Rock Movie services") are usually not considered part of the The Rock Movie crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose The Rock Movie nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds The Rock Movie using hand-cranked The Rock Movie cameras and The Rock Movie projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard The Rock Movie silent speed, research indicates most films The Rock Movie were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When The Rock Movie sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the The Rock Movie slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. The Rock Movie Improvements since the late The Rock Movie 19th century include the The Rock Movie mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring The Rock Movie large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more The Rock Movie sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly Magix Movie Edit Pro dim conditions, and the development of The Rock Movie synchronized sound, allowing sound to The Rock Movie be recorded The Rock Movie at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting The Rock Movie the The Rock Movie film, but for live-action pictures many parts The Rock Movie of the The Rock Movie soundtrack are usually The Rock Movie recorded simultaneously.
|
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology The Rock Movie developed The Rock Movie as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a The Rock Movie progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated The Rock Movie into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, The Rock Movie and the motion picture The Rock Movie industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base The Rock Movie have been copied onto modern safety The Rock Movie films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a The Rock Movie reverse The Rock Movie of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although The Rock Movie their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as The Rock Movie of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on The Rock Movie Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some The Rock Movie films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, The Rock Movie especially because footage can The Rock Movie be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. The Rock Movie Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: The Rock Movie Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place The Rock Movie outside of Hollywood, or other The Rock Movie major studio The Rock Movie systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major The Rock Movie movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads The Rock Movie to conservative choices in cast and crew. The Rock Movie There is The Rock Movie a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given The Rock Movie the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry The Rock Movie experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely The Rock Movie produce The Rock Movie films The Rock Movie with unknown The Rock Movie actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the The Rock Movie advent of digital alternatives, The Rock Movie the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 The Rock Movie mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, The Rock Movie according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, The Rock Movie and The Rock Movie more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production Hairy Pussy Retro Movie Galleries can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, The Rock Movie Sony The Rock Movie Vegas and Apple's Final Cut The Rock Movie Pro, and consumer level software such as The Rock Movie Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively The Rock Movie inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, The Rock Movie the The Rock Movie means The Rock Movie of The Rock Movie production The Rock Movie have become more democratized. Filmmakers can The Rock Movie conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut The Rock Movie on a home The Rock Movie computer. However, while the means of production may The Rock Movie be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain The Rock Movie difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get The Rock Movie their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making Free Hardcore Movie Thumbs landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main The Rock Movie article: Open content film
An The Rock Movie open The Rock Movie content The Rock Movie film is much like an The Rock Movie independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative Shemale Movie Clips works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place The Rock Movie outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film The Rock Movie is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders The Rock Movie or creators. The Rock Movie Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have The Rock Movie actually been produced by The Rock Movie professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in The Rock Movie length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated Movie Contain Nudity as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model The Rock Movie unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together The Rock Movie and The Rock Movie the resulting film is viewed at a The Rock Movie speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence The Rock Movie of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over Scooby Doo The Movie the Internet.
|
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of The Rock Movie animation for TV and The Rock Movie movies comes The Rock Movie from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed The Rock Movie at The Rock Movie least The Rock Movie since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single The Rock Movie person). Several independent animation producers The Rock Movie have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited The Rock Movie animation is a way of increasing production The Rock Movie and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This The Rock Movie method was The Rock Movie pioneered by UPA and popularized by The Rock Movie Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by The Rock Movie other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although The Rock Movie most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a The Rock Movie specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len The Rock Movie Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto The Rock Movie pieces of film, The Rock Movie and then run through a The Rock Movie projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie The Rock Movie theater or cinema. The first The Rock Movie theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the The Rock Movie United States, these theaters came to Antique Movie Posters be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured The Rock Movie presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. The Rock Movie Today, The Rock Movie the bulk of the The Rock Movie material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed The Rock Movie feature films were made to The Rock Movie be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually The Rock Movie after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the The Rock Movie older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � The Rock Movie see also The Rock Movie videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some Free Milf Movie films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released The Rock Movie as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on The Rock Movie these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, The Rock Movie and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, The Rock Movie as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and The Rock Movie decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters The Rock Movie to keep movies The Rock Movie in the theater longer. However, today's The Rock Movie barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most The Rock Movie movies are shown in first-run theaters The Rock Movie for less than The Rock Movie 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good The Rock Movie word-of-mouth The Rock Movie and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie The Rock Movie studios' worldwide income came from box office The Rock Movie ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came The Rock Movie from television (broadcast, cable, The Rock Movie and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for The Rock Movie more than a The Rock Movie century, film is still a relative newcomer in the The Rock Movie pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise The Rock Movie of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication The Rock Movie over the 1960s The Rock Movie and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive The Rock Movie videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and The Rock Movie subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled The Rock Movie people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These The Rock Movie new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation The Rock Movie of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound The Rock Movie system. Once again The Rock Movie industry The Rock Movie analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which The Rock Movie will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters The Rock Movie a reprieve The Rock Movie from their predicted The Rock Movie demise.
The cinema now faces The Rock Movie a new challenge from home video by the likes The Rock Movie of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video The Rock Movie playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel The Rock Movie resolution of 1920?1080 The Rock Movie a leap from The Rock Movie the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer The Rock Movie a massive resolution of The Rock Movie 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only The Rock Movie viable competitor to these The Rock Movie new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new The Rock Movie technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 The Rock Movie was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to The Rock Movie suffer as a result of the effects listed above The Rock Movie but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
