Film is a term that encompasses individual Stick It Movie Story motion Stick It Movie Story pictures, the Natick Ma Movie Thearter field Stick It Movie Story of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect Stick It Movie Story them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source Stick It Movie Story of popular entertainment and a powerful method Stick It Movie Story for educating Stick It Movie Story � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements Stick It Movie Story of cinema gives motion Stick It Movie Story pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by Stick It Movie Story using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made Stick It Movie Story up of a series of individual images called frames. When Stick It Movie Story these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the Stick It Movie Story eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact Stick It Movie Story that photographic film (also Stick It Movie Story called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion Stick It Movie Story picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, Stick It Movie Story flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing Stick It Movie Story artificially Stick It Movie Story created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices Stick It Movie Story such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These Stick It Movie Story machines were Stick It Movie Story outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures Jennifer Love Hewwith Movie to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, Stick It Movie Story the images needed to be Stick It Movie Story carefully designed to achieve the desired effect Stick It Movie Story � and the Stick It Movie Story underlying principle became the basis for the development Stick It Movie Story of film animation.
A frame Stick It Movie Story from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest Stick It Movie Story film, Stick It Movie Story by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real Stick It Movie Story time. Early versions Stick It Movie Story of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to Stick It Movie Story see the pictures which were separate paper prints Stick It Movie Story attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to Stick It Movie Story 10 pictures per Stick It Movie Story second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, Stick It Movie Story the development Stick It Movie Story of the motion picture camera Stick It Movie Story allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development Stick It Movie Story of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and Movie Enhancing Software printed film Stick It Movie Story and magnify Stick It Movie Story these "moving picture shows" onto a screen Stick It Movie Story for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static Stick It Movie Story shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Stick It Movie Story Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely Stick It Movie Story visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing Stick It Movie Story scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up Stick It Movie Story into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement Stick It Movie Story were realized Stick It Movie Story as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave Celebrity Movie Archive Gown Flash Ass the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to Mature Wife Movie Galleries play music fitting the mood of the film at any Stick It Movie Story given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for Stick It Movie Story this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an Stick It Movie Story early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in Stick It Movie Story United States flourished Stick It Movie Story with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator Stick It Movie Story D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Stick It Movie Story Keaton and others, continued to advance Stick It Movie Story the medium. In the 1920s, new Stick It Movie Story technology Stick It Movie Story allowed Stick It Movie Story filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and Stick It Movie Story sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction Stick It Movie Story of so-called "natural" color. While the addition Stick It Movie Story of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more Stick It Movie Story practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed Stick It Movie Story to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and Stick It Movie Story became as affordable Stick It Movie Story as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color Stick It Movie Story after the end of World War Stick It Movie Story II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. Stick It Movie Story By the end Stick It Movie Story of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades Stick It Movie Story saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the Stick It Movie Story rise of film school Stick It Movie Story educated independent Stick It Movie Story filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium Stick It Movie Story experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Stick It Movie Story Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic Stick It Movie Story concepts Stick It Movie Story that Stick It Movie Story apply to Stick It Movie Story the study of film as Stick It Movie Story art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Stick It Movie Story Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led Stick It Movie Story by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its Movie Theaters Listings ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and Stick It Movie Story this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given Stick It Movie Story rise Stick It Movie Story to Stick It Movie Story psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: Stick It Movie Story academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Stick It Movie Story releases. Normally Stick It Movie Story they Stick It Movie Story only see any given film once and have only a day Stick It Movie Story or two to formulate opinions. Despite Stick It Movie Story this, critics have an important impact on films, Stick It Movie Story especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority Stick It Movie Story of Stick It Movie Story any film review can still have an important impact on whether Stick It Movie Story people decide to see Stick It Movie Story a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the Stick It Movie Story influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact Stick It Movie Story against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of Stick It Movie Story some Stick It Movie Story heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically Stick It Movie Story praised independent movies indicates that Stick It Movie Story extreme critical reactions Stick It Movie Story can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Stick It Movie Story Conversely, there have been several films in Stick It Movie Story which film companies have so little confidence that they Stick It Movie Story refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. Stick It Movie Story However, this usually backfires as reviewers Stick It Movie Story are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and Stick It Movie Story the films often do poorly as a result.
It Stick It Movie Story is argued that journalist Stick It Movie Story film critics Stick It Movie Story should only be known as film reviewers, Stick It Movie Story and Stick It Movie Story true film critics are those who take Stick It Movie Story a more academic approach to films. This line of work Stick It Movie Story is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film Stick It Movie Story critics attempt to come to understand how Stick It Movie Story film and filming techniques work, and what Stick It Movie Story effect they have on people. Rather than having their Stick It Movie Story works Stick It Movie Story published in newspapers or appear on Stick It Movie Story television, their Stick It Movie Story articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They Stick It Movie Story also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and Stick It Movie Story showing of motion Stick It Movie Story pictures became a source of profit Stick It Movie Story almost as soon as Stick It Movie Story the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and Stick It Movie Story its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Stick It Movie Story first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue Stick It Movie Story and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, Stick It Movie Story import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Stick It Movie Story Play of 1898[citation Stick It Movie Story needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Stick It Movie Story Other pictures soon followed, and motion Stick It Movie Story pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Stick It Movie Story Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called Stick It Movie Story for Stick It Movie Story an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the Stick It Movie Story film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Stick It Movie Story Whether Stick It Movie Story the ten Stick It Movie Story thousand-plus feature length films a Stick It Movie Story year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify Stick It Movie Story for Stick It Movie Story this Stick It Movie Story title is the source Stick It Movie Story of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in Stick It Movie Story making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making Stick It Movie Story equipment have allowed Stick It Movie Story independent Stick It Movie Story film productions to Stick It Movie Story flourish.
Profit Stick It Movie Story is a key Stick It Movie Story force in the industry, due Stick It Movie Story to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in Stick It Movie Story the United States, providing recognition Stick It Movie Story each year to films, ostensibly Stick It Movie Story based Stick It Movie Story on their artistic merits.
There is also Stick It Movie Story a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to Stick It Movie Story a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. Stick It Movie Story (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but Ila Kunis New Movie the name has stuck. Trailers are Stick It Movie Story now shown before the film (or the Stick It Movie Story A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the Stick It Movie Story film determines the size and type Stick It Movie Story of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer Stick It Movie Story generated imagery (CGI), Stick It Movie Story created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all Stick It Movie Story over the world using different technologies, styles of acting Stick It Movie Story and genre, and is produced Stick It Movie Story in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a Stick It Movie Story group of people hired Stick It Movie Story by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Stick It Movie Story Crew are distinguished Stick It Movie Story from cast, the Stick It Movie Story actors who appear in front Stick It Movie Story of the camera Who Made Zeitgeist The Movie or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is Stick It Movie Story also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with Stick It Movie Story well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and Stick It Movie Story production special effects. Caterers Stick It Movie Story (known Stick It Movie Story in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base Stick It Movie Story coated with an emulsion Stick It Movie Story containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base Stick It Movie Story used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stick It Movie Story Stock widths and the film format for images on the Stick It Movie Story reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often Stick It Movie Story reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. Stick It Movie Story When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the Stick It Movie Story slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Stick It Movie Story Improvements since the late 19th century include Stick It Movie Story the mechanization of cameras Stick It Movie Story � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly Stick It Movie Story dim conditions, and the development Stick It Movie Story of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded Stick It Movie Story separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As Stick It Movie Story a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Stick It Movie Story developed Stick It Movie Story as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has Stick It Movie Story importance as primary historical Stick It Movie Story documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture Stick It Movie Story industry is exploring many Stick It Movie Story alternatives. Stick It Movie Story Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some Stick It Movie Story studios save color films through the use of Stick It Movie Story separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially Stick It Movie Story a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle Stick It Movie Story makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term Stick It Movie Story preservation. Film preservation Stick It Movie Story of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, Stick It Movie Story and to companies Stick It Movie Story interested in preserving their existing products in order to Stick It Movie Story make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Stick It Movie Story Preservation is generally a higher-concern for Stick It Movie Story nitrate and single-strip Stick It Movie Story color films, due Stick It Movie Story to their high decay rates; black and white Stick It Movie Story films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television Stick It Movie Story production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without Stick It Movie Story waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is Stick It Movie Story gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or Stick It Movie Story other major Stick It Movie Story studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution Stick It Movie Story from a Stick It Movie Story major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to Stick It Movie Story the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On Stick It Movie Story the business side, the costs of Stick It Movie Story big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films Stick It Movie Story put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, Stick It Movie Story up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never Stick It Movie Story given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or Stick It Movie Story she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce Stick It Movie Story films with unknown actors, Stick It Movie Story particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able Stick It Movie Story to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is Stick It Movie Story outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Stick It Movie Story Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders Stick It Movie Story in 1985, Stick It Movie Story and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, Stick It Movie Story have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production Stick It Movie Story costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Stick It Movie Story for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based Stick It Movie Story personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas Stick It Movie Story and Apple's Stick It Movie Story Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Stick It Movie Story Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of Stick It Movie Story production have become more democratized. Filmmakers Stick It Movie Story can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound Stick It Movie Story and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. Stick It Movie Story However, while the means of production may Stick It Movie Story be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to Stick It Movie Story get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube Stick It Movie Story and Veoh has further changed the film making Stick It Movie Story landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open Stick It Movie Story content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it Stick It Movie Story is produced Stick It Movie Story through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, Stick It Movie Story but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration Stick It Movie Story reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer Stick It Movie Story full-length motion pictures
Animation is the Stick It Movie Story technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether Stick It Movie Story generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and Stick It Movie Story then photographing the result with a special animation Stick It Movie Story camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is Stick It Movie Story an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour Stick It Movie Story intensive and tedious, though the Stick It Movie Story development of computer animation has greatly sped up Stick It Movie Story the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer Stick It Movie Story or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes Stick It Movie Story from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least Stick It Movie Story since Stick It Movie Story the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes Stick It Movie Story by a single person). Several independent Stick It Movie Story animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited Stick It Movie Story animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation Stick It Movie Story process. This method was pioneered by Stick It Movie Story UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Stick It Movie Story other Stick It Movie Story studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation Stick It Movie Story that depends Stick It Movie Story on Stick It Movie Story film. Cameraless animation, Stick It Movie Story made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is Stick It Movie Story painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film Stick It Movie Story is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. Stick It Movie Story The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission Stick It Movie Story typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented Stick It Movie Story by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of Stick It Movie Story the Stick It Movie Story gross receipts. Stick It Movie Story Today, the bulk of the Stick It Movie Story material shown before the Stick It Movie Story feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to Stick It Movie Story larger audiences, usually after the film is no Stick It Movie Story longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology Stick It Movie Story has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS Stick It Movie Story or DVD (and the older Stick It Movie Story formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � Stick It Movie Story see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Stick It Movie Story Some films are now made Stick It Movie Story specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Stick It Movie Story are often considered to be of inferior quality Stick It Movie Story compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, Stick It Movie Story and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays Stick It Movie Story an average of Stick It Movie Story about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as Stick It Movie Story an incentive to theaters to Stick It Movie Story keep movies in the theater longer. However, Stick It Movie Story today's barrage The Secret Attraction Movie of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in Stick It Movie Story first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are Stick It Movie Story a Stick It Movie Story few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 Stick It Movie Story study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Stick It Movie Story Hollywood movie studios' Stick It Movie Story worldwide income came from box office ticket Stick It Movie Story sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, Stick It Movie Story and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative Stick It Movie Story newcomer in Stick It Movie Story the pantheon of fine arts. In the Stick It Movie Story 1950s, Stick It Movie Story when television Stick It Movie Story became widely available, industry analysts predicted the Stick It Movie Story demise of local movie theaters. Stick It Movie Story Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development Stick It Movie Story of color television and large Stick It Movie Story screens, motion picture cinemas Stick It Movie Story continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to Stick It Movie Story select films Stick It Movie Story for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted Stick It Movie Story the Stick It Movie Story death of Stick It Movie Story the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that Stick It Movie Story in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear Stick It Movie Story widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Stick It Movie Story industry analysts predicted the demise of Stick It Movie Story the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new Stick It Movie Story approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution Stick It Movie Story of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which Stick It Movie Story may give Stick It Movie Story local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces Stick It Movie Story a Stick It Movie Story new challenge from Stick It Movie Story home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats Stick It Movie Story are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution Stick It Movie Story of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry Stick It Movie Story 330?480 offered by the Stick It Movie Story first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions Stick It Movie Story that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a Stick It Movie Story massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing Stick It Movie Story all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX Stick It Movie Story which can play film Stick It Movie Story content at Stick It Movie Story an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home Stick It Movie Story video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever Stick It Movie Story box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for |
