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ENTER HERE: Celebrity Archive Movie Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the Celebrity Archive Movie motion picture industry. Celebrity Archive Movie Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect Celebrity Archive Movie those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is Celebrity Archive Movie considered to be an Celebrity Archive Movie important art form, a source Celebrity Archive Movie of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating Celebrity Archive Movie � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a Celebrity Archive Movie series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the Celebrity Archive Movie illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering Celebrity Archive Movie between frames due to an effect Celebrity Archive Movie known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye Celebrity Archive Movie retains a The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had Celebrity Archive Moviehistorically been the primary mediumCelebrity Archive Moviefor recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other Celebrity Archive Movie terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big Celebrity Archive Movie screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the Celebrity Archive Movie 1860s, mechanisms Celebrity Archive Movie for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated withCelebrity Archive Moviedevices Celebrity Archive Movie such as the zoetrope and Celebrity Archive Movie the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on Celebrity Archive Movie the pictures to Celebrity Archive Movie appear to Celebrity Archive Movie be moving, a phenomenon called Celebrity Archive Movie persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed Celebrity Archive Movie to Owasso Movie achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film Celebrity Archive Movie animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film Celebrity Archive Movie for Celebrity Archive Movie still photography, it became possible to directly capture Celebrity Archive Movie objects in motion in Celebrity Archive Movie real time. Early versions of Celebrity Archive Movie the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures Celebrity Archive Movie which were separate paper prints attached to a drumCelebrity Archive Movieturned by a handcrank. Celebrity Archive Movie The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures Celebrity Archive Movie per second depending on how rapidly Celebrity Archive Movie the crank was turned.Celebrity Archive MovieSome Celebrity Archive Movie of Celebrity Archive Movie these Celebrity Archive Movie machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture Celebrity Archive Movie camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for Celebrity Archive Movie an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known Celebrity Archive Movie as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, Celebrity Archive Movie but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn Celebrity Archive Movie of the twentieth century, Celebrity Archive Movie films began developing a narrative structure Celebrity Archive Movie by Celebrity Archive Movie stringingCelebrity Archive Moviescenes Celebrity Archive Movie together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the Celebrity Archive Movie film at any given moment. By the early Celebrity Archive Movie 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major Celebrity Archive Movie productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an Celebrity Archive Movie early narrative film. The rise of Celebrity Archive Movie European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the Celebrity Archive Movie film industry in United States flourished with the rise Celebrity Archive Movie of Hollywood. Celebrity Archive Movie However in the 1920s, European filmmakers Celebrity Archive Movie such as Celebrity Archive Movie Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along Celebrity Archive Movie with American innovator Celebrity Archive Movie D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the Celebrity Archive Movie 1920s, new technology allowed Celebrity Archive Movie filmmakers to attach to each film Celebrity Archive Movie a soundtrack of speech, music and Celebrity Archive Movie sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These Celebrity Archive Movie sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step in the Celebrity Archive Movie development of cinema was the Celebrity Archive Movie introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of Celebrity Archive Movie sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved Celebrity Archive Movie making it more practical and cost effective to produce Celebrity Archive Movie "natural color" films. Celebrity Archive Movie The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, Celebrity Archive Movie more Celebrity Archive Movie and more Celebrity Archive Movie movies Celebrity Archive Movie were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in Home Bdsm Movie America came to view color as essential to attracting Celebrity Archive Movie audiences in its Celebrity Archive Movie competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the Celebrity Archive Movie studio system Celebrity Archive Movie in the 1960s, the succeeding Celebrity Archive Movie decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave Celebrity Archive Movie and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes Celebrity Archive Movie the medium experienced Celebrity Archive Movie in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and Celebrity Archive Movie into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Celebrity Archive Movie Film theory Film theory seeks Celebrity Archive Movie to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to Celebrity Archive Movie the study of film Celebrity Archive Movie as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Movie War Photographer Birth of the Sixth Celebrity Archive Movie Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Celebrity Archive Movie Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized Celebrity Archive Movie how Celebrity Archive Movie film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that Celebrity Archive Movie film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gaveCelebrity Archive Movierise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Free Crossdresser Movie Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Horror Movie Reaper de Saussure's Celebrity Archive Movie semiotics among other things Celebrity Archive Movie has given rise to psychoanalytical Celebrity Archive Movie film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these Celebrity Archive Movie works can be divided into Celebrity Archive Movie two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism Celebrity Archive Movie that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they Celebrity Archive Movie only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Celebrity Archive Movie Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and Celebrity Archive Movie comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a Celebrity Archive Movie critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of anyCelebrity Archive Moviefilm review can Celebrity Archive Movie stillCelebrity Archive Moviehave an important impact on Celebrity Archive Movie whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure Celebrity Archive Movie of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates Celebrity Archive Movie that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Celebrity Archive Movie Others note that positive film Celebrity Archive Movie reviews have Celebrity Archive Movie been shown to spark interest in little-known Celebrity Archive Movie films. Conversely, there have been several films Celebrity Archive Movie inCelebrity Archive Moviewhich Celebrity Archive Movie film companies Celebrity Archive Movie have so little Celebrity Archive Movie confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread Celebrity Archive Movie panning of Celebrity Archive Movie the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public Celebrity Archive Movie that the film may not be worth seeing Celebrity Archive Movie and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as Celebrity Archive Movie film reviewers, and true film critics are those who takeCelebrity Archive Moviea more academic approach to films. This line ofCelebrity Archive Moviework is more often known as film theory or film Celebrity Archive Movie studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they Celebrity Archive Movie have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in Celebrity Archive Movie scholarly journals, or sometimes in Celebrity Archive Movie up-market magazines. Celebrity Archive Movie They also tend to be Celebrity Archive Movie affiliated with colleges Celebrity Archive Movie or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The Celebrity Archive Movie making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Celebrity Archive Movie Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local Celebrity Archive Movie entrepreneurs in the various Nicholas Easter Movie countries Celebrity Archive Movie of Europe to buy their equipment Celebrity Archive Movie and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play Celebrity Archive Movie of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Celebrity Archive Movie Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities Celebrity Archive Movie and commanded huge Celebrity Archive Movie fees forCelebrity Archive Movietheir performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million Celebrity Archive Movie dollars. In the Celebrity Archive Movie United States today, much of the Celebrity Archive Movie film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, suchCelebrity Archive Movieas Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature lengthCelebrity Archive Moviefilms a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has Celebrity Archive Movie led cinema Celebrity Archive Movie production to concentrate under the auspices of Celebrity Archive Movie movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent Celebrity Archive Movie film productions to flourish. Profit is Celebrity Archive Movie a key force in the Celebrity Archive Movie industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Celebrity Archive Movie Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent Celebrity Archive Movie film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for Celebrity Archive Movie educational and instructional Celebrity Archive Movie films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Celebrity Archive Movie Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may Celebrity Archive Movie result in recutting or Celebrity Archive Movie even refilming certain sections. (cf AudienceCelebrity Archive Movieresponse.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements forCelebrity Archive Moviefilms Celebrity Archive Movie that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been Celebrity Archive Movie shown at the end of a film programme. That Celebrity Archive Movie practice Celebrity Archive Movie did not last long, because patrons tended Celebrity Archive Movie to Celebrity Archive Movie leave the theater after the films Celebrity Archive Movie ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are Celebrity Archive Movie now shown before the film (or the A movie in Celebrity Archive Movie a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, Celebrity Archive Movie rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent Celebrity Archive Movie film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source filmCelebrity Archive Moviemay be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world usingCelebrity Archive Moviedifferent Celebrity Archive Movie technologies, styles of acting and genre, and isCelebrity Archive Movieproduced in a variety of economic contexts that Celebrity Archive Movie range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle Celebrity Archive Movie typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A Celebrity Archive Movie film crew is a group Celebrity Archive Movie of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose Celebrity Archive Movie of Celebrity Archive Movie producing a film or motion picture. Crew are Celebrity Archive Movie distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of Celebrity Archive Movie the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct fromCelebrity Archive Moviethe production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production Celebrity Archive Movie phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departmentsCelebrity Archive Moviewith well defined hierarchies and standards for Celebrity Archive Movie interaction and cooperation between the Celebrity Archive Movie departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, Celebrity Archive Movie sound, electrics (i.e., lights), Celebrity Archive Movie sets, and production special Celebrity Archive Movie effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or Celebrity Archive Movie polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type Celebrity Archive Movie of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was Celebrity Archive Movie eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock Celebrity Archive Movie widths and the film format for images on the Celebrity Archive Movie reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films Celebrity Archive Movie are still shot on (and distributed Celebrity Archive Movie to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using Celebrity Archive Movie hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 Celebrity Archive Movie frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the Celebrity Archive Movie sound head. 24 frames per Celebrity Archive Movie second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus Celebrity Archive Movie cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set Celebrity Archive Movie to be usable without requiring Celebrity Archive Movie large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and Celebrity Archive Movie lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim Celebrity Archive Movie conditions, and the development of synchronized Celebrity Archive Movie sound, allowing sound Celebrity Archive Movie to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding Celebrity Archive Movie action. The Celebrity Archive Movie soundtrack Celebrity Archive Movie can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of Celebrity Archive Movie the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed Celebrity Archive Movie as the basis for photography. It can Celebrity Archive Movie be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form Celebrity Archive Movie of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and Celebrity Archive Movie often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrateCelebrity Archive Moviebase have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W Celebrity Archive Movie negatives each exposed through red, green, or Celebrity Archive Movie blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore Celebrity Archive Movie films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as Celebrity Archive Movie of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Celebrity Archive Movie Film Celebrity Archive Movie preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and Celebrity Archive Movie to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved onCelebrity Archive MovieTechnicolor Jack Benny Movie Colony imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming Celebrity Archive Movie proper handling and storage. Some Celebrity Archive Movie films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in Celebrity Archive Movie television production. Modern digital video Celebrity Archive Movie cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches Celebrity Archive Movie are extremely beneficial to Celebrity Archive Movie moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and Celebrity Archive Movie edited without waiting Celebrity Archive Movie for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 Celebrity Archive Movie most major motion pictures are still recorded on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent Celebrity Archive Movie filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent Celebrity Archive Movie film (or indieCelebrity Archive Moviefilm) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, Celebrity Archive Movie business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of Celebrity Archive Movie the indie film sceneCelebrity Archive Moviein the Celebrity Archive Movie late 20th Celebrity Archive Movie and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds Celebrity Archive Movie of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a Celebrity Archive Movie big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films Celebrity Archive Movie with unknown actors, Celebrity Archive Movie particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a Celebrity Archive Movie hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or Celebrity Archive Movie star in a Celebrity Archive Movie traditional studio film. The cost of Iceman Movie 35 Celebrity Archive Movie mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, Celebrity Archive Movie film negative costs were up 23%, according toCelebrity Archive MovieVariety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival Celebrity Archive Movie of high-resolution digital video in the early Celebrity Archive Movie 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware andCelebrity Archive Moviesoftware for Celebrity Archive Movie post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and Celebrity Archive Movie non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such Celebrity Archive Movie as Celebrity Archive Movie Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make Celebrity Archive Movie movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and Celebrity Archive Movie editCelebrity Archive Moviea movie, Celebrity Archive Movie create and editCelebrity Archive Moviethe sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as Celebrity Archive Movie YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are stillCelebrity Archive Movieto be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is Celebrity Archive Movie produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough Celebrity Archive Movie to allow other parties Celebrity Archive Movie toCelebrity Archive Moviecreate fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of theCelebrity Archive Moviemore notable films have Celebrity Archive Movie actually been produced by professional filmmakers as Celebrity Archive Movie film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers Celebrity Archive Movie for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique Celebrity Archive Movie in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or Celebrity Archive Movie by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), Celebrity Archive Movie and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film Celebrity Archive Movie is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there Celebrity Archive Movie is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up Celebrity Archive Movie the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV Celebrity Archive Movie and movies comes from professional Celebrity Archive Movie animation studios. Celebrity Archive Movie However, the field of independent animation has existed Celebrity Archive Movie at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the Celebrity Archive Movie professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This Celebrity Archive Movie method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to Celebrity Archive Movie television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation Movie Queen Catherine that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Celebrity Archive Movie Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to Celebrity Archive Movie audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for Celebrity Archive Movie cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands Free Cum Swallow Teen Movie of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] Celebrity Archive Movie In the United States, these theaters came to be known Celebrity Archive Movie as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double Celebrity Archive Movie features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump Celebrity Archive Movie sum, Celebrity Archive Movie and a "B picture" Celebrity Archive Movie of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross Celebrity Archive Movie receipts. Today, the bulk Celebrity Archive Movie of the material shown before the Celebrity Archive Movie feature film consists of previews Celebrity Archive Movie for upcoming movies and paid Celebrity Archive Movie advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television Celebrity Archive Movie has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy Celebrity Archive Movie copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become Celebrity Archive Movie revenue Celebrity Archive Movie sources for the film companies. Celebrity Archive Movie Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released Celebrity Archive Movie as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected Celebrity Archive Movie by their own studios upon completion are distributed Movie Nars through these markets. The Celebrity Archive Movie movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie Celebrity Archive Movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters Celebrity Archive Movie to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run Celebrity Archive Movie theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start Celebrity Archive Movie in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through goodCelebrity Archive Movieword-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Celebrity Archive Movie Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income Celebrity Archive Movie came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS Celebrity Archive Movie and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future Celebrity Archive Movie state While motion picture films have Celebrity Archive Movie been around for more than a century, film is still a relative Celebrity Archive Movie newcomer in the pantheon Celebrity Archive Movie of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, Celebrity Archive Movie industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such Celebrity Archive Movie as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In theCelebrity Archive Movie1980s, when the widespread Celebrity Archive Movie availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people Celebrity Archive Movie to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted Celebrity Archive Movie the death of the local Celebrity Archive Movie cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home Celebrity Archive Movie theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled Celebrity Archive Movie people Celebrity Archive Movie to select and Celebrity Archive Movie view films at home Celebrity Archive Movie with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past Celebrity Archive Movie only Celebrity Archive Movie local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with Celebrity Archive Movie a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital Celebrity Archive Movie screens, a new approach which will allow for easier Celebrity Archive Movie and Celebrity Archive Movie quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard Celebrity Archive Movie disks), a development which may give local theaters Celebrity Archive Movie a reprieve from Celebrity Archive Movie their predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from Celebrity Archive Movie home video by the likes of a new Celebrity Archive Movie DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions |
