Variable Length Subnet Masking
This is to be used when CIDR is inaproppriate. Allows you to use different amount of bits for each subnet.
Network scheme:
Subnet1 36 hosts
Subnet2 9 hosts
Subnet3 5 hosts
Subnet4 6 hosts
With CIDR it is impossible to have a network with 36 hosts, but 4 subnets, failing splitting the first network into two subnets you can use VLSM to solve this problem