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musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding Music Information how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated Music Information is termed interpretation. Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as much as those who perform the Music Information music of others

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or folk Music Information music. The standard body

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of choices and techniques present at a given time and a given place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which is not clear, and therefore has Music Information a "standard" interpretation. In some Music Information musical genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given to the performer to engage in Music Information improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought Music Information of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even Music Information "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Composition does

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not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole authorship of one Music Information individual. Music can also be determined by Music Information describing a "process"

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which may create musical sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with such composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski. Musical Music Information composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Music Information Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music all Music Information forms � spontaneous, trained, or Music Information untrained � are built from elements comprising Music Information a musical piece. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised: composed on the spot. The music

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can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system of Music Information musical notation, or some combination of both. Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination Music Information of methods and practice Music Information of Western classical music, but the definition of composition is Music Information broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those Music Information of free jazz performers and African drummers. What Music Information is important in understanding the composition of Music Information a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of music's formal elements can be Music Information helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A Music Information universal element of music is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm of a piece of Music Information music. When a Music Information piece appears to have a changing Music Information time-feel, it is considered to Music Information be in rubato time, an Italian expression Music Information that indicates that the tempo of the piece changes to suit the Music Information expressive intent Music Information of the performer.

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Even Music Information random placement of random sounds, Music Information which Chamber Music occurs

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in musical montage, occurs within some kind of time, and thus employs time as a musical element. Notation is the written expression of music notes and Music Information rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm Music Information of the music is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to read notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods. Written Music Information notation varies with style and period of music. In Western Art music, the most common Music Information types of written notation are scores, which include all the music Music Information parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, which notates the Music Information melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the music. Scores and parts are also used Music Information in popular music and Music Information jazz, particularly in large

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ensembles such Music Information as Music Information jazz "big bands." In popular music, guitarists and electric bass Music Information players often read music notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument Music Information using List Of Country Music Singers a diagram of the Music Information guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to Music Information notate music for the lute, a stringed, fretted Music Information instrument. Notated music is produced as sheet music. To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and the Music Information performance practice that is associated with a piece of music or genre. Improvisation is the

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creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation Hamsters Music is often considered an act of instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed with or without preparation. Music theory encompasses the Music Information nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern composers' techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic Music Information function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as music theorists. The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects Music Information of music including how it is processed by listeners. Rather Music Information than accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing music as a given, much research in music cognition seeks instead to

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uncover the mental processes that underlie these practices. Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate Music Information Bangla Music cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also major Music Information areas of research in the field. Deaf people Music Information can experience Music Information music by feeling the vibrations in their body, a process Music Information which can be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known Music Information deaf musician

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is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians include Music Information Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who has

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been Music Information deaf since age twelve, and Chris Buck, Music Information a virtuoso violinist who Music Information has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it

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indicates Down Load Music that music is a deeper cognitive process Music Information than unexamined phrases Music Information such as, "pleasing Music Information to Music Information the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may seem intuitively Music Information simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers make can be heard through several media; the African Music History most Music Information traditional way is to hear it live, in Music Information the Music Information presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical Music Information styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together Music Information sounds which were never played "live". Recording, Music Information even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice Music Information to produce recordings which Music Information are considered better Music Information than the actual performance. As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of

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moviehouse Music Information orchestra musicians Music Information found themselves out of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The AFM Music Information took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Music Information Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever" Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 in the United Music Information Starting A Music Store States, and the 1979 Music Information revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Music Information Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form Music Information that is commonly known as music-on-demand. In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing Music Information and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the

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20th century. Sometimes, Music Information live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses Music Information disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo for an Music Information instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers Music Information and many keyboards Music Information can be programmed to produce and play MIDI music. Music Information Audiences can also Music Information become performers Music Information by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a device Music Information that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most Music Information karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics to songs being performed; performers can Music Information follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks. The advent Music Information of the Internet has transformed the Music Information experience of music, partly through the increased ease Music Information of access Music Information to music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Tail: Why the future Music Information of business is selling less of more, suggests that while Music Information the economic Music Information model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is based on abundance. Digital storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make its whole inventory available online, giving Music Information customers as Music Information much choice as possible. Music Information It has thus become economically

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viable to offer products that very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of their increased choice Music Information results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and Music Information the creation of thousands of Music Information niche Music Information markets. Another effect of the Internet arises with online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has made Nine Inch Nails Music Lyrics social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Music Information Youtube also has a large Music Information community Music Information of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians Music Information also use Youtube as a Music Information free Music Information publisher Music Information of promotional Music Information material. Youtube users, for example, no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but Music Information also actively create their own. Music Information According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer Music Information who both creates and consumes. Manifestations of this in music include the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos by fans.

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