A download manager is a Program Timer Download computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web Program Timer Download page file rarely ruins the page.) Program Timer Download The typical download manager at a minimum provides means Program Timer Download to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split Program Timer Download the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. Program Timer Download (A few servers are known Program Timer Download to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that Program Timer Download server capacity should be shared equally by Program Timer Download all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially Program Timer Download for Program Timer Download very large Program Timer Download files).
Downloading files on poor Program Timer Download connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated Program Timer Download files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and Program Timer Download shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly Program Timer Download (segmented downloading).
Download Program Timer Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on Program Timer Download during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help Program Timer Download download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, Program Timer Download so Program Timer Download that other internet activities are not affected Program Timer Download (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo Program Timer Download galleries, MP3 collections, Program Timer Download etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, Program Timer Download and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. Program Timer Download For example, Program Timer Download Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, Program Timer Download such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying Program Timer Download a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing Program Timer Download peer-to-peer Program Timer Download applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers Program Timer Download are designed to give users greater Program Timer Download control over downloads, some downloaders Program Timer Download are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe Program Timer Download [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software Program Timer Download on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when Program Timer Download the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To Program Timer Download Free Logo Creator Download be Program Timer Download considered on-line, a device must be at least one Program Timer Download of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available Program Timer Download for immediate use on demand by Program Timer Download the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and Program Timer Download is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source Program Timer Download disconnected For The People Software Download or turned off", and Program Timer Download is "off-power").
One Program Timer Download example of a Program Timer Download common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent Program Timer Download that Program Timer Download can be instructed to Program Timer Download be in either "on-line" Program Timer Download or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Program Timer Download Outlook. When it Program Timer Download is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers Program Timer Download (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" Download Trailers Beowulf it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on Program Timer Download which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself Program Timer Download on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may Program Timer Download wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be Program Timer Download configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts Program Timer Download to make connection to a server), but the connection may Program Timer Download be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which Program Timer Download the computer currently happens to be (such as a Program Timer Download hotel room) and the Program Timer Download user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of Program Timer Download the use of these concepts is in the world Program Timer Download of digital audio Download Dil Se Re Mp3 Song technology. A tape recorder, Program Timer Download digital editor, or other device that is Program Timer Download "on-line" is one whose clock Program Timer Download is under Program Timer Download the Program Timer Download control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the Program Timer Download master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number Program Timer Download of devices are connected to a Program Timer Download sync master, Program Timer Download it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device Program Timer Download is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for Aulter Video Download each other to Program Timer Download be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
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A third Program Timer Download example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser Program Timer Download that can Program Timer Download be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can Dap Accelerater Free Download perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using Program Timer Download local copies of those pages that Program Timer Download have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" Program Timer Download state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection Program Timer Download to Internet expensive or impossible. The Program Timer Download pages are either Program Timer Download downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or Program Timer Download explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, Program Timer Download which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line Program Timer Download state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or Program Timer Download by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for Program Timer Download offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are Program Timer Download added to the "Favourites" list, they Program Timer Download can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the Program Timer Download pages that it links to. In Program Timer Download Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect Program Timer Download links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are Program Timer Download checked to Program Timer Download see whether they are up-to-date, are Program Timer Download configurable Program Timer Download for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing Program Timer Download known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site Program Timer Download offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that Program Timer Download is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without Program Timer Download human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The Program Timer Download ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" Program Timer Download have been Program Timer Download generalized from computing Program Timer Download and telecommunication into the Program Timer Download field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and Urdu Books Download "off-line" is Program Timer Download conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and Program Timer Download face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or Program Timer Download meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some Program Timer Download people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as Program Timer Download an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of Program Timer Download the distinctions between the Program Timer Download uses of various technologies (such as Program Timer Download PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the Program Timer Download sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that Program Timer Download there are legal and regulatory Program Timer Download pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and Program Timer Download "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and Program Timer Download erase Program Timer Download the Program Timer Download distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures Program Timer Download that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that Program Timer Download contractual Program Timer Download relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are Program Timer Download already seen as Program Timer Download just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although Program Timer Download he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people Program Timer Download who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an Download Multiplayer Online Games Htm "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite Program Timer Download comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as Program Timer Download reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" Program Timer Download concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the Program Timer Download other way around. Several cartoons by The Program Timer Download New Program Timer Download Yorker Program Timer Download have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take Program Timer Download it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior Program Timer Download to Program Timer Download purchase!". |
