A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading File Download Free (and sometime uploading) File Download Free possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. File Download Free This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent File Download Free storage is of secondary importance. (A File Download Free failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical File Download Free download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the File Download Free file to be downloaded File Download Free (or uploaded) into 2 or more File Download Free segments, which are then moved in File Download Free parallel, potentially making the process File Download Free faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to File Download Free block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to File Download Free files that are File Download Free downloaded in parallel.
There File Download Free are several things that some web browsers File Download Free are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files File Download Free on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically File Download Free according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers File Download Free are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet File Download Free service provider at night, File Download Free when rates or tariffs are File Download Free usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these files for File Download Free later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken File Download Free downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so File Download Free that other File Download Free internet activities are not File Download Free affected File Download Free (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading File Download Free pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support File Download Free Metalink, an XML file File Download Free listing mirrors, checksums, File Download Free and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer File Download Free is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were File Download Free among the File Download Free first adware applications displaying File Download Free a banner ad in the user interface.
Related File Download Free to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide File Download Free such downloaders for downloading File Download Free software on their own site. Presumably this increases File Download Free reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is Download Multiplayer Online Games Htm increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even File Download Free when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are File Download Free states or File Download Free conditions of a "device or equipment" Program Timer Download or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the File Download Free direct control of another device"
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"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available File Download Free for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in File Download Free operation"
"Functional and ready for File Download Free service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned File Download Free off", File Download Free and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of File Download Free these concepts is File Download Free a Mail User Agent that can be instructed File Download Free to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" Cracked Nero Download states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" File Download Free it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), File Download Free and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make File Download Free any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of File Download Free the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running File Download Free and Internet. The user may have the File Download Free computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or Download Free Hentai Psp Video the computer File Download Free may be configured to employ a File Download Free dial-up connection on demand File Download Free (whenever an application such File Download Free as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 File Download Free or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts File Download Free is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or File Download Free other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control File Download Free of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. File Download Free Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a File Download Free large number of devices are connected to File Download Free a sync master, File Download Free it is often convenient, if one wants File Download Free to hear just the output of one single device, to take File Download Free it off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in File Download Free synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can File Download Free be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In File Download Free the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that File Download Free have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet Blown Away Download expensive or impossible. File Download Free The pages are File Download Free either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of File Download Free prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to File Download Free keep local copies of certain web File Download Free pages, which it File Download Free keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals File Download Free or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever File Download Free the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can File Download Free be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the File Download Free marked page File Download Free and, optionally, all of the pages that it links File Download Free to. In File Download Free Internet Explorer version 6, File Download Free the File Download Free level of direct File Download Free and File Download Free indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual File Download Free "Favourite" entry.
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See also:
Offline browsing File Download Free known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a Runescape Money Cloner Download feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, File Download Free but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The File Download Free ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing File Download Free and telecommunication into the File Download Free field of human interpersonal relationships. File Download Free The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject File Download Free of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the File Download Free distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. File Download Free "On-line" is virtuality, File Download Free and File Download Free "off-line" is reality (e.g. real File Download Free life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his File Download Free argument that File Download Free the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a File Download Free simple "on-line"/"off-line" File Download Free dichotomy, File Download Free he observes that some people draw File Download Free no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging File Download Free in cybersex, File Download Free and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also File Download Free argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" File Download Free experience in some circumstances, and File Download Free that the blurring File Download Free of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone File Download Free and voice-over-IP) has File Download Free made it "impossible File Download Free to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed File Download Free by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts File Download Free that there are legal File Download Free and regulatory pressures to reduce the File Download Free distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and File Download Free erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not File Download Free mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that File Download Free contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen File Download Free as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), File Download Free although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had File Download Free a purely on-line sexual File Download Free relationship. File Download Free He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may File Download Free be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite File Download Free comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The File Download Free distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" Babushka Download as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" File Download Free activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a File Download Free user name and a password before admitting a File Download Free man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled File Download Free prior to purchase!". |
