The Abs Shoes earliest known shoes Abs Shoes date Abs Shoes from Abs Shoes about 8000 to 7000 Abs Shoes BCE and Abs Shoes were found Abs Shoes in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the Abs Shoes materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Abs Shoes Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in Abs Shoes the period Abs Shoes between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the Abs Shoes bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results Abs Shoes in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom Abs Shoes of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is Abs Shoes the interior bottom of Abs Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Abs Shoes Many shoes have Aligator Shoes removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of Abs Shoes the shoe).
Outsole
The Abs Shoes outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles Abs Shoes made Abs Shoes of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often Abs Shoes the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather Abs Shoes for style. Specialized shoes will Abs Shoes often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats Abs Shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there Abs Shoes for shock absorption. Abs Shoes Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have Abs Shoes another material Abs Shoes for shock absorption, Abs Shoes usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole Abs Shoes at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Abs Shoes Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often Abs Shoes made of the same material as the Abs Shoes sole of Abs Shoes the shoe. Abs Shoes This part can Abs Shoes be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or Abs Shoes flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an Abs Shoes upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this Abs Shoes may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have Abs Shoes a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The Abs Shoes U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories Why Do Shoes Squeek to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the Abs Shoes shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not Abs Shoes wearing Abs Shoes it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on Abs Shoes shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: Abs Shoes used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over Abs Shoes shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved Abs Shoes fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and Abs Shoes inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against Abs Shoes damage when Abs Shoes they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden Abs Shoes or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system Nike Skateboarding Shoes used to secure Abs Shoes shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple Abs Shoes leather uppers, leather soles, and Abs Shoes narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide Abs Shoes profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either Abs Shoes gender. The majority Abs Shoes of dress shoes Abs Shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most Abs Shoes of the Abs Shoes lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures Abs Shoes or openings, Abs Shoes but may also be made with openings or Abs Shoes even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes Abs Shoes with uppers made high Abs Shoes to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above Abs Shoes the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a Abs Shoes Ulu Shoes high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how Abs Shoes they Abs Shoes are closed:
Balmorals: Abs Shoes the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that Abs Shoes are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to Abs Shoes two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; Abs Shoes also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of Abs Shoes lacing
Various other closings exist Abs Shoes but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a Abs Shoes sleek appearance and no extra decorations Abs Shoes on the vamp.
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Cap-toes: Abs Shoes has an extra layer of leather that "caps" Abs Shoes the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe Abs Shoes of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be Abs Shoes found in both balmoral and Abs Shoes blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of Abs Shoes this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk Abs Shoes page. See Abs Shoes Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and Abs Shoes UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very Abs Shoes low heel and Abs Shoes a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may Nike Trail Running Shoes be shoes Abs Shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. Adistar John Smith Wrestling Shoes They are often seen as having Abs Shoes more sex appeal than Abs Shoes low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal Abs Shoes occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a Abs Shoes shoe that looks Abs Shoes like an athletic Abs Shoes shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of Abs Shoes novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made Esprit Shoes of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole Abs Shoes and various straps, leaving much of Abs Shoes the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped Abs Shoes band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: Abs Shoes a dress or casual Abs Shoes shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, Abs Shoes or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck Abs Shoes shoes: Abs Shoes similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching Abs Shoes a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) Abs Shoes frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, Abs Shoes or simply as Abs Shoes an alternate style of casual or dress Abs Shoes wear. Abs Shoes Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly Abs Shoes worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and Abs Shoes women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes Abs Shoes can be worn Abs Shoes by either sex. Abs Shoes Emphasis tends to be Abs Shoes more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called Abs Shoes gym shoes or Abs Shoes tennis shoes): general purpose Abs Shoes athletic shoes; made out Abs Shoes of rubber, cloth, Abs Shoes and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, Abs Shoes with additional emphasis on Abs Shoes cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in Memphisto Shoes grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today Reebok Walking Shoes (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less Abs Shoes damage to the Abs Shoes greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary Abs Shoes dress shoes and athletic shoes. Abs Shoes They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling Abs Shoes alley floors. Abs Shoes They are often rented or loaned Abs Shoes at bowling Abs Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any Abs Shoes padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Abs Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide Abs Shoes ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction Abs Shoes on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than Abs Shoes the Abs Shoes running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: Abs Shoes typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on Abs Shoes the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the Abs Shoes ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide Abs Shoes and have extra layers of padding to protect the Abs Shoes skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are Abs Shoes equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well Abs Shoes as a stiff Abs Shoes sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking Best Online Shoes Store in thick snow. In Abs Shoes temperate climates, snowshoes are Abs Shoes used for mostly recreational purposes Abs Shoes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
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Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and Abs Shoes arch Abs Shoes support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer Abs Shoes can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic Abs Shoes straps and ribbons that are Shiek Shoes tied to the Abs Shoes dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or Abs Shoes two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The Abs Shoes sole is typically made of Abs Shoes leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of Abs Shoes the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the Abs Shoes arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet Abs Shoes slippers are Abs Shoes usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most Abs Shoes commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red Abs Shoes or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole Abs Shoes (i.e., Abs Shoes split-sole) to provide both flexibility Abs Shoes and traction, and a low Abs Shoes (one inch Abs Shoes or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by Abs Shoes laces or elastic Abs Shoes inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Abs Shoes Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically Abs Shoes court shoes Abs Shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that Abs Shoes they Abs Shoes can be finished with a greater variety Abs Shoes of colours to match the dancer's dress. Abs Shoes The low Ballroom Abs Shoes heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to Abs Shoes throw the dancer's weight on Abs Shoes to the Abs Shoes toes and the soles Abs Shoes are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically Abs Shoes have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped Abs Shoes heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with Abs Shoes a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers Abs Shoes that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes. Abs Shoes
Jazz shoes. This style Abs Shoes is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes Abs Shoes they are used Large Mens Shoes for uniforms or comfort by Abs Shoes nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, Abs Shoes mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past Abs Shoes include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. Abs Shoes First worn in Abs Shoes the middle ages, they continued in Abs Shoes use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a Abs Shoes long-pointed toe, Abs Shoes popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the Abs Shoes historical Abs Shoes shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes Abs Shoes are made Abs Shoes of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable Abs Shoes this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes Abs Shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When Abs Shoes unfit Abs Shoes for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can Abs Shoes be Abs Shoes recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts Abs Shoes of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Abs Shoes Canada, Abs Shoes as well as Alaska) Abs Shoes it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People Abs Shoes do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For Abs Shoes some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such Abs Shoes as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the Abs Shoes foot, socks, or Abs Shoes shoes to touch someone's head or be Abs Shoes placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
