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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally Vialis Shoes last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Vialis Shoes Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use Vialis Shoes of shoes began Vialis Shoes in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 Vialis Shoes years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the Vialis Shoes toes (other Vialis Shoes than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater

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bone growth before this Vialis Shoes period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called Vialis Shoes the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom Esprit Shoes of a shoe, Vialis Shoes which sits directly Vialis Shoes beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable Vialis Shoes insoles, and extra

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insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to Vialis Shoes control the shape,

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moisture, or Vialis Shoes smell Vialis Shoes of the shoe). Outsole The Vialis Shoes outsole is the

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layer Vialis Shoes in direct contact Vialis Shoes with the ground. Dress shoes have Vialis Shoes leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while Vialis Shoes the front is leather for style. Vialis Shoes Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats Vialis Shoes have Vialis Shoes spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the

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outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have Vialis Shoes another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole Vialis Shoes of the shoe. This

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part Vialis Shoes can be high for fashion or Vialis Shoes to Vialis Shoes make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any Vialis Shoes shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe Vialis Shoes onto the foot. In the simplest cases, Vialis Shoes such as sandals or flip flops, Vialis Shoes this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding Vialis Shoes the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and

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most men's Vialis Shoes shoes,

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will have a more complex upper. Vialis Shoes This part is often decorated or

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is Vialis Shoes made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not Vialis Shoes wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, Vialis Shoes and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish Memphisto Shoes to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: Vialis Shoes a Vialis Shoes rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe Vialis Shoes insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or Vialis Shoes reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct Vialis Shoes foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects Vialis Shoes shoes against damage when they are Vialis Shoes not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing Vialis Shoes discomfort Vialis Shoes in Vialis Shoes areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or Reebok Walking Shoes leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: Vialis Shoes a system used to secure shoes. Types Vialis Shoes of shoes Shoes made Vialis Shoes from real crocodile skin, Vialis Shoes in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress Vialis Shoes and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn Vialis Shoes by either gender. The majority of dress

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shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but Vialis Shoes may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a Vialis Shoes series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in Vialis Shoes women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made Best Online Shoes Store high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or

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zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts Vialis Shoes to ease slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's Vialis Shoes shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has Vialis Shoes a V-shaped slit to which the laces are Vialis Shoes attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, Vialis Shoes the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In Vialis Shoes England, the Vialis Shoes Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of Vialis Shoes lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular Vialis Shoes such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated Vialis Shoes in various ways: Plain-toes: Vialis Shoes have a sleek appearance and no extra Vialis Shoes decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, Vialis Shoes the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues Vialis Shoes can be found in both Vialis Shoes balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not Vialis Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the Vialis Shoes talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet Vialis Shoes pumps or Vialis Shoes skimmers, are shoes with a Vialis Shoes very low heel and a relatively Vialis Shoes short Vialis Shoes vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are Vialis Shoes popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be Vialis Shoes shoes with heels Vialis Shoes 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as Vialis Shoes having more sex appeal than low Vialis Shoes heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn Vialis Shoes by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker Vialis Shoes pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making Vialis Shoes it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various Vialis Shoes straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They Vialis Shoes are thus popular Shiek Shoes for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band Vialis Shoes over Vialis Shoes the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny Vialis Shoes loafers). Boating shoes, also known Vialis Shoes as boat shoes Vialis Shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather

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(often two-tone) with no frills. Vialis Shoes Often made Vialis Shoes of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have Vialis Shoes soft Vialis Shoes soles/heels to avoid marring Vialis Shoes or scratching Vialis Shoes a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used Vialis Shoes in times of bad weather, or simply Vialis Shoes as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles Vialis Shoes include rubber boots and snow boots, as well Vialis Shoes as work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For Vialis Shoes indoor use, commonly Vialis Shoes worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function Vialis Shoes shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In Vialis Shoes many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have Vialis Shoes good traction. Special varieties are available for Vialis Shoes basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A Vialis Shoes shoe for the Vialis Shoes right foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn Vialis Shoes while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, Vialis Shoes or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but Vialis Shoes replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge Vialis Shoes of each spike are much Vialis Shoes more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they Vialis Shoes cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. Vialis Shoes They have harder Vialis Shoes rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed Vialis Shoes for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or boots: usually Vialis Shoes have a high Vialis Shoes somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain,

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with extra large traction on the sole. Walking Vialis Shoes shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, Vialis Shoes lighter Vialis Shoes in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion. Large Mens Shoes Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a Vialis Shoes metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole Vialis Shoes to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional Vialis Shoes traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or Vialis Shoes "comfort" shoes Vialis Shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort Vialis Shoes qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Vialis Shoes Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on Vialis Shoes the tips Abs Shoes of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under Vialis Shoes the ball Vialis Shoes and heel of the Vialis Shoes foot, and thinner and Vialis Shoes thus more flexible material Vialis Shoes under the arch so that Vialis Shoes the foot can be Vialis Shoes pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, Vialis Shoes or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red Vialis Shoes or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces Vialis Shoes or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International Vialis Shoes DanceSport Federation): Vialis Shoes Ballroom and Vialis Shoes Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically Vialis Shoes lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent Vialis Shoes leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom Vialis Shoes shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can Vialis Shoes be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the Vialis Shoes dancer's dress. Vialis Shoes The low Ballroom heel Vialis Shoes distributes the dancer's

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weight across the foot while Latin American Vialis Shoes shoes have higher heels Vialis Shoes designed to

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throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have Vialis Shoes 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one Vialis Shoes or Vialis Shoes more straps across the Vialis Shoes instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled Vialis Shoes (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give Vialis Shoes a dancer the appearance of having bare Vialis Shoes feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect Vialis Shoes the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for Vialis Shoes protection in industrial Vialis Shoes settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features Vialis Shoes may include Vialis Shoes steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Vialis Shoes Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn Vialis Shoes today, are found as early as Vialis Shoes the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden Vialis Shoes overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even Vialis Shoes into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: Vialis Shoes the historical shoe Vialis Shoes of many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is Vialis Shoes said to have broken in the Vialis Shoes shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some Vialis Shoes extent) and appearance, Vialis Shoes especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed Vialis Shoes to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not Vialis Shoes all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace Vialis Shoes replacement. When unfit for use, Vialis Shoes shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can Vialis Shoes be recycled and turned Vialis Shoes into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe Vialis Shoes etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as Vialis Shoes well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, Vialis Shoes especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes Vialis Shoes on. People do this to Vialis Shoes avoid bringing dirt, Vialis Shoes mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for Vialis Shoes guests. In the Vialis Shoes Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it Vialis Shoes is considered Vialis Shoes rude to show the soles of the feet Vialis Shoes to Vialis Shoes others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's Vialis Shoes head or be Vialis Shoes placed over it. Although Vialis Shoes feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any Vialis Shoes society, some Muay Vialis Shoes Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks Vialis Shoes are executed with the shin).

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