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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials Tip Top Shoes used for making shoes do not normally last for Tip Top Shoes thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found Tip Top Shoes evidence that the use of shoes began in the period Tip Top Shoes between about 40,000 and Tip Top Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of Tip Top Shoes the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased

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during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the

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foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and Tip Top Shoes extra insoles are often added for Tip Top Shoes comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, Tip Top Shoes or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic Tip Top Shoes imitation. The outsole may comprise a single Tip Top Shoes piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The Tip Top Shoes layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Tip Top Shoes Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where

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one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be Tip Top Shoes high for fashion or Tip Top Shoes to make the person look Tip Top Shoes taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or

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upper Any Tip Top Shoes shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such Tip Top Shoes as Tip Top Shoes sandals or flip Tip Top Shoes flops, this may be Tip Top Shoes nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such Tip Top Shoes as boots, Tip Top Shoes sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often Tip Top Shoes decorated or is made in a certain style Tip Top Shoes to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: Tip Top Shoes can be used to insert a

Tip Top Shoes

foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe Tip Top Shoes tree: placed inside Tip Top Shoes the shoe when user is Tip Top Shoes not wearing it, Tip Top Shoes to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on

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shoes Tip Top Shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply

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polish Tip Top Shoes to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of Tip Top Shoes various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe Tip Top Shoes bag: Tip Top Shoes a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are Tip Top Shoes not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer Tip Top Shoes or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece Tip Top Shoes which increases the Tip Top Shoes area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used Tip Top Shoes to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes

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made from Tip Top Shoes real crocodile Tip Top Shoes skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow Tip Top Shoes sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather Tip Top Shoes outsoles, and Tip Top Shoes wide profile. Some Tip Top Shoes designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have Tip Top Shoes an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes Tip Top Shoes with uppers made high to Tip Top Shoes cover the ankles are also

Tip Top Shoes

available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as Tip Top Shoes high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some Tip Top Shoes styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the Tip Top Shoes shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped Tip Top Shoes slit to which the laces Tip Top Shoes are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American Tip Top Shoes clothing companies Tip Top Shoes to Tip Top Shoes market shoes that are not balmorals, such Tip Top Shoes as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle Tip Top Shoes and strap instead of lacing Various other closings Tip Top Shoes exist but Tip Top Shoes are Shiek Shoes less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also Tip Top Shoes be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and Tip Top Shoes no extra decorations on the Tip Top Shoes vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that Tip Top Shoes "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with Tip Top Shoes a

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perforated panel, Tip Top Shoes the wing-tip, which Tip Top Shoes extends down either side Tip Top Shoes of the shoe. Brogues

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can be found in both balmoral and Tip Top Shoes blucher Tip Top Shoes styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the Tip Top Shoes talk page or at requests for expansion. The Tip Top Shoes tone or style of this article or Tip Top Shoes section may not Tip Top Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on Tip Top Shoes the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better Tip Top Shoes articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety of shoes Tip Top Shoes available for women, in Tip Top Shoes addition to most of the men's styles Tip Top Shoes being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, Tip Top Shoes ballet pumps or Tip Top Shoes skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High Tip Top Shoes heels may be shoes

Tip Top Shoes

with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They Tip Top Shoes are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or Large Mens Shoes social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like Tip Top Shoes an athletic shoe, but is equipped Tip Top Shoes with a heel, making it a kind Tip Top Shoes of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes Tip Top Shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot Abs Shoes exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with Tip Top Shoes black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with Tip Top Shoes tassels, Tip Top Shoes buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, Tip Top Shoes if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with Tip Top Shoes no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the Tip Top Shoes ankle) frequently made of leather. Tip Top Shoes Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as

Tip Top Shoes

work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor Tip Top Shoes use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes Tip Top Shoes and special function shoes Tip Top Shoes often have less difference between the Tip Top Shoes sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases Tip Top Shoes these shoes Tip Top Shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar Tip Top Shoes to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic

Tip Top Shoes

or metal cleats A shoe for Tip Top Shoes the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with Tip Top Shoes "spikes" for better grip

Tip Top Shoes

in grass and wet ground. Originally Tip Top Shoes the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" Tip Top Shoes made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs Tip Top Shoes distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today

Tip Top Shoes

(and are Tip Top Shoes required on many Tip Top Shoes golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: Tip Top Shoes intermediate style between ordinary dress Tip Top Shoes shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented Tip Top Shoes or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock Tip Top Shoes climbing. They typically have Tip Top Shoes a close Tip Top Shoes fit, little if any Tip Top Shoes padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or Tip Top Shoes boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, Tip Top Shoes with extra large traction Tip Top Shoes on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight Vialis Shoes than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: Tip Top Shoes typically called skates. They have various Tip Top Shoes attachments for Tip Top Shoes skating on the bottom of Tip Top Shoes the Tip Top Shoes shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large,

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thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes Tip Top Shoes have flat soles Tip Top Shoes for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect Tip Top Shoes the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, Tip Top Shoes as well as a Tip Top Shoes stiff sole to maximize Tip Top Shoes power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are Tip Top Shoes used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and Tip Top Shoes protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's Tip Top Shoes ankles. Ballet shoes Tip Top Shoes Heel-less slippers Tip Top Shoes made of canvas or Tip Top Shoes Etienne Aigner Discount Shoes leather, with either continuous or two-part Tip Top Shoes sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel Tip Top Shoes of the Tip Top Shoes foot, Tip Top Shoes and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that Tip Top Shoes the foot Tip Top Shoes can be pointed to Tip Top Shoes its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most Tip Top Shoes commonly pink, white, black, or pale

Tip Top Shoes

tan, Tip Top Shoes although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into Shoes For Injured Feet two categories for Tip Top Shoes the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF Tip Top Shoes (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede Tip Top Shoes soles. Mens' Tip Top Shoes Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are Tip Top Shoes typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, Tip Top Shoes usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the Clarks Artisan Shoes foot while Latin American shoes Tip Top Shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance

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sneakers. Also known as Tip Top Shoes dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a Tip Top Shoes dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch Tip Top Shoes heel, Tip Top Shoes which are usually made of leather, and often have Tip Top Shoes one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They Tip Top Shoes may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the Tip Top Shoes ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This Tip Top Shoes style Tip Top Shoes is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the Tip Top Shoes underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed Tip Top Shoes to stand Tip Top Shoes heavy wear, to protect Tip Top Shoes the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy Tip Top Shoes leather uppers and non-leather

Tip Top Shoes

outsoles. Sometimes they are used Tip Top Shoes for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly Tip Top Shoes used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Tip Top Shoes Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which Tip Top Shoes are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use Tip Top Shoes even Tip Top Shoes into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the Tip Top Shoes historical shoe of Tip Top Shoes many North American Indian Tip Top Shoes tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Tip Top Shoes Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the Tip Top Shoes material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and Tip Top Shoes appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes Tip Top Shoes are designed to enable Tip Top Shoes this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers Tip Top Shoes which Tip Top Shoes can be recycled and turned into other Tip Top Shoes raw materials. See Nike Grind

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as an Tip Top Shoes example. Someone Tip Top Shoes who makes or Tip Top Shoes repairs shoes in

Tip Top Shoes

a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In Tip Top Shoes most parts of Tip Top Shoes the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East Tip Top Shoes and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Tip Top Shoes Midwest, Tip Top Shoes it is expected that visitors Church Shoes Northampton remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave Tip Top Shoes their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud Tip Top Shoes or snow into the house. For some societies, including Tip Top Shoes those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests. In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show Tip Top Shoes the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's Tip Top Shoes head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin).

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