musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a Music Town performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed Music Town and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own music are interpreting, just as Music Town much as those who perform Music Town the music of others Music Town or folk music. The standard body of choices and techniques present at a given time and a given place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual Music Town choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In some musical Music Town genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is Music Town given to the performer to Music Town engage in improvisation on Music Town a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. Music Town The greatest Music Town latitude is given Music Town to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is Music Information spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Music Town Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Music Town Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole authorship Music Town of one individual.
Music can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds; examples of this range Music Town from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music Lyrics Online Music which contains Music Town elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is associated with Music Town such composers as John Music Town Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is Music Town a term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Methods of Music Town composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � Music Town are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music Town Music Music Town can be Music Town composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised: composed on the spot. The Music Town music can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of Music Town both. Study of Music Town composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition of composition Music Town is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is Music Town singling out its elements. An understanding of music's formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is Music Town constructed. Music Town A universal element of music is how Music Town sounds occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm of a piece Music Town of music.
When a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, an Italian expression that indicates that the tempo of the Music Town piece changes to suit Music In the expressive intent of the Music Town performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs within some kind of time, and thus employs time as a musical element.
Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. When music is written down, the pitches Music Town and rhythm of the music Music Town is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. Music Town The study of how to Music Town read Music Town notation involves music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some Music Town cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written notation varies with style and period Music Town of music. In Western Art music, the most common types of Music Town written notation are scores, which include all the music parts of Music Town an ensemble piece, and parts, Music Town which are the music notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard Music Town musical notation is the Music Town lead sheet, which Music Town notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the Music Town music. Scores and parts are also Music Town used in popular music and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz "big bands."
In popular music, guitarists and electric bass players Music Town often read music Music Town notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played on Music Town the instrument using a diagram of Music Town the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to notate music for the Music Town lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To perform music from notation requires an Music Town understanding of both the musical style Music Town and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of music or genre.
Improvisation is Music Town the Music Town creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an act of Music Town instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed with Music Town or without preparation.
Music theory encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves identifying patterns that govern Music Town composers' techniques. In Music Town a more detailed sense, music theory (in the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � Music Town rhythm, harmony (harmonic function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as music theorists.
The field of music cognition involves the study of many Music Town aspects of music including how it is processed Music Town by listeners. Music Town Rather than Music Town accepting the standard practices of analyzing, composing, and performing music as a given, much Music Town research in music cognition seeks instead to uncover the mental processes Music Town that Music Town underlie these practices. Also, research in the Music Town field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music are also Music Town major areas Music Town of research in the field.
Deaf people can experience music Music Town by feeling the Music Town vibrations in their body, a process which can be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf Music Town musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who Music Town has been deaf since age twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist Music Town who has Music Town lost his Music Town hearing. This is relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive Music Town process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may seem intuitively simple, yet Music Town are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers make can be heard through several Music Town media; the most traditional way is Music Town to hear it live, in the presence, or Music Town as one of Music Town the musicians. Music Town Live music can also Music Town be broadcast over Music Town the radio, Music Town television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on Music Town producing a sound for a Music Town performance, while others Music Town focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which Weather Channel Music are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which Music Town are considered better than the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of Music Town the talking motion pictures, those featured performances were largely Music Urls eliminated. Music Town The AFM took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement Music Town of live musicians with Music Town mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad Music Town that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled Music Town "Canned Music Town Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed to Music Town Produce No Intellectual Music Town or Music Town Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act Music Town of 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Music Town Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and Music Town live performances have also become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form Music Town that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually Music Town everyone Music Town is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a Music Town music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.
Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is Music Town prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards can Music Town be programmed to produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known Canadian Music songs. Music Town Most karaoke machines Music Town also have video screens that show lyrics Music Town to Music Town songs being performed; performers can follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent of the Internet Music Town has transformed the experience of music, Music Town partly through the increased ease of access Music Town to music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Gimme More Music Video Long Tail: Why the Nine Inch Nails Music Lyrics future Music Town of business is selling less of more, suggests that while the economic model of supply and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is based on abundance. Digital Music Town storage costs are low, so a company can afford to make its whole inventory available Music Town online, giving customers Music Town as much choice as possible. It has thus become economically viable to offer products that Music Town New Rock Music very few people are Music Town interested in. Consumers' growing awareness of their increased choice results in a closer association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche markets.
Another effect of the Internet arises with online communities like Youtube and Myspace. Music Town Myspace has made social networking with Music Town other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Youtube also has a large community Music Town of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube as a free Music Town publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their own. Music Town According to Tapscott and Williams, Music Town there has been a Music Town shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who both creates and consumes. Manifestations Music Town of this in music include Music Town the production of mashes, remixes, and music videos Music Town by fans. |
|
