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An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a Nude Pencil Drawing salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's Nude Pencil Drawing labor power, depending upon whether Nude Pencil Drawing the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate per pay Nude Pencil Drawing period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas Amanda Hillwood Nude wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime. Employers include Nude Pencil Drawing everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments Nude Pencil Drawing and businesses which may hire many thousands Nude Pencil Drawing of employees. In most western societies governments are the Nude Pencil Drawing largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses Nude Pencil Drawing in the private sector. Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control over the

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productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains Nude Pencil Drawing ownership of intellectual property Nude Pencil Drawing created by an employee within the scope Nude Pencil Drawing of employment and Nude Pencil Drawing as Nude Pencil Drawing a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire". An employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The Nude Pencil Drawing relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship. The balance of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate Nude Pencil Drawing debate Nude Pencil Drawing in the field of employment relations. By meeting the needs Free Hot Asian Women Nude of the employer; generating

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profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the Nude Pencil Drawing worker so that he/she can fund and Nude Pencil Drawing enjoy healthy living; Nude Pencil Drawing proves to be a continuous revolving issue in westernised societies. Globalisation has effected

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these issues Nude Pencil Drawing by creating Nude Pencil Drawing certain economic factors that disallow or allow Nude Pencil Drawing various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the Nude Pencil Drawing four major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure Nude Pencil Drawing on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries Nude Pencil Drawing and foreign direct Nude Pencil Drawing investment (FDI) is attracted away Tna S Odb Nude from Nude Pencil Drawing the Blond Petite Nude industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic Nude Pencil Drawing liberalization will result Nude Pencil Drawing in unemployment Nude Pencil Drawing and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive Nude Pencil Drawing industries outstrip Nude Pencil Drawing job opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour market results Nude Pencil Drawing in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a Embarassed Nude pressure to reduce the Nude Pencil Drawing wages and conditions of workers. Globalization Nude Pencil Drawing reduces the autonomy of the nation Nude Pencil Drawing state. Capital is increasingly mobile and Nude Pencil Drawing the ability Nude Pencil Drawing of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced. What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent Nude Pencil Drawing of workers are Nude Pencil Drawing employed in the service sector, most of which Nude Pencil Drawing consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either Nude Pencil Drawing forced to become more skilled an develop sought after Nude Pencil Drawing trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving Nude Pencil Drawing workforce and Nude Pencil Drawing globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that are growing in non Nude Pencil Drawing standard forms of employment Interests can be

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best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on Nude Pencil Drawing organizations in their pursuit of Nude Pencil Drawing profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses. Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control can as being either output focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers defining, and using, their own Nude Pencil Drawing methods Nude Pencil Drawing for reaching targets, or process controls, which specify the manner Nude Pencil Drawing in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the Nude Pencil Drawing fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints Nude Pencil Drawing with a maximization of labour Nude Pencil Drawing productivity in order to achieve a prolific Nude Pencil Drawing employment relationship. Motivation is the third and Nude Pencil Drawing most difficult of the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains Nude Pencil Drawing human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.� The Nude Pencil Drawing employment relationship is Nude Pencil Drawing thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all Nude Pencil Drawing three facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in

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the Nude Pencil Drawing equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits.

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