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Film is a term that encompasses individual Stargate Sg1 Movie motion pictures, the field of film as an art Stargate Sg1 Movie form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from Stargate Sg1 Movie the world with cameras, or by creating Stargate Sg1 Movie images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by Stargate Sg1 Movie specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular Stargate Sg1 Movie entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or Stargate Sg1 Movie indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures Stargate Sg1 Movie a universal power of communication. Some films Stargate Sg1 Movie have Stargate Sg1 Movie become popular worldwide Stargate Sg1 Movie attractions Stargate Sg1 Movie by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a series of Stargate Sg1 Movie individual images Justice League Of America Movie called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has Stargate Sg1 Movie the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering Stargate Sg1 Movie between frames Stargate Sg1 Movie due to an effect known as persistence of vision, Stargate Sg1 Movie whereby Stargate Sg1 Movie the eye retains a The origin Stargate Sg1 Movie of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the

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primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many Stargate Sg1 Movie other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include Stargate Sg1 Movie the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the Stargate Sg1 Movie 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially Stargate Sg1 Movie created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and Stargate Sg1 Movie the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) Stargate Sg1 Movie and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed Stargate Sg1 Movie for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle Stargate Sg1 Movie became the basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, Stargate Sg1 Movie by Stargate Sg1 Movie Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it Stargate Sg1 Movie became possible to directly capture objects Stargate Sg1 Movie in motion in real Stargate Sg1 Movie time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a Stargate Sg1 Movie handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how Stargate Sg1 Movie rapidly the Stargate Sg1 Movie crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine Stargate Sg1 Movie light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving Stargate Sg1 Movie picture Stargate Sg1 Movie shows" onto a screen Stargate Sg1 Movie for Stargate Sg1 Movie an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to

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be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or Stargate Sg1 Movie other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early Stargate Sg1 Movie sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art Stargate Sg1 Movie through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century,

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films began developing a narrative structure by stringing Stargate Sg1 Movie scenes together to tell narratives. Stargate Sg1 Movie The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying Stargate Sg1 Movie sizes and Stargate Sg1 Movie angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective Stargate Sg1 Movie ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, Stargate Sg1 Movie theater owners would hire a pianist or organist Stargate Sg1 Movie or a full orchestra to play music fitting the Stargate Sg1 Movie mood of the film at any given

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moment. Stargate Sg1 Movie By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this Stargate Sg1 Movie purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major

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productions. A shot Stargate Sg1 Movie from Georges Stargate Sg1 Movie Melies Le Voyage Stargate Sg1 Movie dans Stargate Sg1 Movie la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by Stargate Sg1 Movie the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise Stargate Sg1 Movie of Stargate Sg1 Movie Hollywood. Stargate Sg1 Movie However in the 1920s, European filmmakers Stargate Sg1 Movie such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and Stargate Sg1 Movie the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued Stargate Sg1 Movie to advance Stargate Sg1 Movie the Stargate Sg1 Movie medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach Stargate Sg1 Movie to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. Stargate Sg1 Movie These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step Stargate Sg1 Movie in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called Stargate Sg1 Movie "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America Stargate Sg1 Movie came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition Stargate Sg1 Movie with television, which remained Stargate Sg1 Movie a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of Stargate Sg1 Movie film. New Hollywood, French New Stargate Sg1 Movie Wave and Stargate Sg1 Movie the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers

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were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force Stargate Sg1 Movie in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film Stargate Sg1 Movie theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply Stargate Sg1 Movie to the study of film as art. It was started by Stargate Sg1 Movie Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Stargate Sg1 Movie Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film Stargate Sg1 Movie differed Stargate Sg1 Movie from reality, and thus could be Stargate Sg1 Movie considered a valid fine Stargate Sg1 Movie art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic Stargate Sg1 Movie essence Stargate Sg1 Movie lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis Stargate Sg1 Movie and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic

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film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, Stargate Sg1 Movie and

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broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two Stargate Sg1 Movie to formulate opinions. Despite this, Stargate Sg1 Movie critics Stargate Sg1 Movie have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films Stargate Sg1 Movie tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall Stargate Sg1 Movie judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an Stargate Sg1 Movie important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing Stargate Sg1 Movie is now Stargate Sg1 Movie so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against Stargate Sg1 Movie it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were Stargate Sg1 Movie harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued

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that journalist film critics should only be known

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as film reviewers, and

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true film critics are those

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who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more

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often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in Stargate Sg1 Movie newspapers or appear on television, their articles are

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published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. Stargate Sg1 Movie They also Stargate Sg1 Movie tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of Stargate Sg1 Movie profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful Stargate Sg1 Movie their new invention, and its product, Stargate Sg1 Movie was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films Stargate Sg1 Movie privately to Stargate Sg1 Movie royalty Stargate Sg1 Movie and publicly to the masses. Stargate Sg1 Movie In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes Stargate Sg1 Movie to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the Stargate Sg1 Movie various countries of Europe to buy Stargate Sg1 Movie their equipment Stargate Sg1 Movie and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Stargate Sg1 Movie Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures Stargate Sg1 Movie soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate Stargate Sg1 Movie industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated Stargate Sg1 Movie theaters and companies formed

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specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Stargate Sg1 Movie Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of Stargate Sg1 Movie one

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million dollars. In the United States Stargate Sg1 Movie today, much of the film industry is centered around Stargate Sg1 Movie Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in Stargate Sg1 Movie the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus Stargate Sg1 Movie feature length films a Stargate Sg1 Movie year produced by the Valley pornographic Stargate Sg1 Movie film industry should qualify Stargate Sg1 Movie for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable Stargate Sg1 Movie film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is Stargate Sg1 Movie a key force in the industry, due to Stargate Sg1 Movie the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example Stargate Sg1 Movie being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many Stargate Sg1 Movie filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also Stargate Sg1 Movie known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based Stargate Sg1 Movie on their artistic merits. There is also Stargate Sg1 Movie a large industry Stargate Sg1 Movie for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a Stargate Sg1 Movie select audience, usually for the purposes Stargate Sg1 Movie of corporate promotions, before the Stargate Sg1 Movie public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge Stargate Sg1 Movie audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, Stargate Sg1 Movie may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film Stargate Sg1 Movie programme. That Stargate Sg1 Movie practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown Stargate Sg1 Movie before Stargate Sg1 Movie the Stargate Sg1 Movie film (or Stargate Sg1 Movie the A movie in Stargate Sg1 Movie a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required Stargate Sg1 Movie during Stargate Sg1 Movie filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure Stargate Sg1 Movie films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of Stargate Sg1 Movie 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, Stargate Sg1 Movie an open source film may be Stargate Sg1 Movie produced Stargate Sg1 Movie through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles Stargate Sg1 Movie of

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acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in Stargate Sg1 Movie China Stargate Sg1 Movie to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically Stargate Sg1 Movie takes three years. The first year is taken up Stargate Sg1 Movie with development. The second year comprises Encore Movie Channel preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed Stargate Sg1 Movie during the "production" or "photography" phase, Stargate Sg1 Movie for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Stargate Sg1 Movie Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front Stargate Sg1 Movie of the camera Stargate Sg1 Movie or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company Stargate Sg1 Movie representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production Stargate Sg1 Movie and crew generally passes through the director and his/her Stargate Sg1 Movie staff of Stargate Sg1 Movie assistants. Medium-to-large Stargate Sg1 Movie crews are generally divided Stargate Sg1 Movie into departments with Stargate Sg1 Movie well defined hierarchies and standards Stargate Sg1 Movie for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as Stargate Sg1 Movie "craft services") Stargate Sg1 Movie are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base Stargate Sg1 Movie coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive Stargate Sg1 Movie chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was Stargate Sg1 Movie eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute Stargate Sg1 Movie (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot Stargate Sg1 Movie between 16

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frame/s Stargate Sg1 Movie and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was Annapolis Movie introduced in the late 1920s, a constant Stargate Sg1 Movie speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per Stargate Sg1 Movie second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more

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sophisticated Stargate Sg1 Movie filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors Stargate Sg1 Movie to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of

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the soundtrack are usually Stargate Sg1 Movie recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Stargate Sg1 Movie Film has also been incorporated into Stargate Sg1 Movie multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary Stargate Sg1 Movie historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Stargate Sg1 Movie Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have Stargate Sg1 Movie been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each Stargate Sg1 Movie exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them Stargate Sg1 Movie (as of 2006) a poor choice Stargate Sg1 Movie for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock Stargate Sg1 Movie is a matter of concern to both film historians and Stargate Sg1 Movie archivists, and to companies Stargate Sg1 Movie interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black Stargate Sg1 Movie and white films on safety Stargate Sg1 Movie bases Stargate Sg1 Movie and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend Stargate Sg1 Movie to Stargate Sg1 Movie keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology Stargate Sg1 Movie similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial Stargate Sg1 Movie to Stargate Sg1 Movie moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major Stargate Sg1 Movie motion pictures are still recorded on Stargate Sg1 Movie film. Independent Main article: Stargate Sg1 Movie Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or Stargate Sg1 Movie other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from Stargate Sg1 Movie a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful Stargate Sg1 Movie director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in Stargate Sg1 Movie film or television. Also, the studios Stargate Sg1 Movie rarely produce Stargate Sg1 Movie films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film Stargate Sg1 Movie equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Stargate Sg1 Movie film. The cost of 35 mm film Stargate Sg1 Movie is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up

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23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in Stargate Sg1 Movie the early 1990s, have lowered the technology Stargate Sg1 Movie barrier Stargate Sg1 Movie to Stargate Sg1 Movie movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been Stargate Sg1 Movie significantly lowered; Stargate Sg1 Movie today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based Stargate Sg1 Movie personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire Stargate Sg1 Movie connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Stargate Sg1 Movie Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such Stargate Sg1 Movie as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction Stargate Sg1 Movie of DV technology, the means of production have Stargate Sg1 Movie become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably Stargate Sg1 Movie shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on Stargate Sg1 Movie a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain Stargate Sg1 Movie difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their Stargate Sg1 Movie films

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noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based Stargate Sg1 Movie video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh Red Box Movie Rental has further

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changed the film making landscape Stargate Sg1 Movie in ways that are still to be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is Stargate Sg1 Movie permissive enough to allow other parties to create Stargate Sg1 Movie fan fiction or derivative works, than Stargate Sg1 Movie a traditional Stargate Sg1 Movie copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside

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of Stargate Sg1 Movie Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan Stargate Sg1 Movie film Main article: Fan film A fan film is a film or Stargate Sg1 Movie video inspired by a film, television program, comic book Stargate Sg1 Movie or a

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similar source, Stargate Sg1 Movie created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have Stargate Sg1 Movie actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school Stargate Sg1 Movie class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent

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motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer

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graphic, Stargate Sg1 Movie or by photographing a drawn image, or Stargate Sg1 Movie by repeatedly making small changes to a model Stargate Sg1 Movie unit (see claymation and stop motion), and Stargate Sg1 Movie then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the

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frames are strung together and Stargate Sg1 Movie the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation Stargate Sg1 Movie has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on Stargate Sg1 Movie a computer or over the Internet. Because animation is Stargate Sg1 Movie very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of

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animation for Stargate Sg1 Movie TV and movies comes from professional Stargate Sg1 Movie animation studios. Stargate Sg1 Movie However, Stargate Sg1 Movie the field Stargate Sg1 Movie of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by Stargate Sg1 Movie independent studios (and sometimes by a single

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person). Stargate Sg1 Movie Several independent animation

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producers Stargate Sg1 Movie have gone Stargate Sg1 Movie on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of Stargate Sg1 Movie increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and Stargate Sg1 Movie popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted Stargate Sg1 Movie by Stargate Sg1 Movie other studios as Stargate Sg1 Movie cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now

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using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of Stargate Sg1 Movie animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto

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pieces of Stargate Sg1 Movie film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to Stargate Sg1 Movie audiences in Stargate Sg1 Movie a movie

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theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened Stargate Sg1 Movie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in Stargate Sg1 Movie 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented Stargate Sg1 Movie by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" Stargate Sg1 Movie of lower quality

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rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown Stargate Sg1 Movie before the feature film consists of previews for Stargate Sg1 Movie upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature Stargate Sg1 Movie films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled Stargate Sg1 Movie consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD Stargate Sg1 Movie (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also Stargate Sg1 Movie videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and Stargate Sg1 Movie have Stargate Sg1 Movie started to become revenue

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sources Stargate Sg1 Movie for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for Stargate Sg1 Movie these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these Stargate Sg1 Movie films are often considered to be of inferior quality

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compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by Stargate Sg1 Movie their own studios upon completion are distributed through Stargate Sg1 Movie these markets. The movie theater pays an average Stargate Sg1 Movie of about 50-55% of its Stargate Sg1 Movie ticket sales to the movie studio, Stargate Sg1 Movie as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than Stargate Sg1 Movie that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing Stargate Sg1 Movie continues, as an incentive to Stargate Sg1 Movie theaters to keep movies in the Stargate Sg1 Movie theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies

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are Stargate Sg1 Movie shown in first-run theaters for less than 8

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weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies Stargate Sg1 Movie that start in Stargate Sg1 Movie only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count Stargate Sg1 Movie through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie Stargate Sg1 Movie studios' worldwide income

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came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color

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television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the Stargate Sg1 Movie 1980s, when the widespread Stargate Sg1 Movie availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people Stargate Sg1 Movie to Stargate Sg1 Movie select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death Stargate Sg1 Movie of the Stargate Sg1 Movie local cinemas. In Stargate Sg1 Movie the 1990s and Stargate Sg1 Movie 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or Stargate Sg1 Movie plasma screens Stargate Sg1 Movie enabled people to select and view films at Stargate Sg1 Movie home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via Stargate Sg1 Movie satellite or hard disks), a development which Stargate Sg1 Movie may give local theaters a reprieve from their Stargate Sg1 Movie predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes Stargate Sg1 Movie of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a

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massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is Stargate Sg1 Movie IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 Stargate Sg1 Movie resolution. Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects Stargate Sg1 Movie listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future.

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