Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art Red Box Movie Rental form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating Red Box Movie Rental images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to Red Box Movie Rental be an Red Box Movie Rental important art Red Box Movie Rental form, a source of popular entertainment and Red Box Movie Rental a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema Red Box Movie Rental gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made Red Box Movie Rental up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the Red Box Movie Rental illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, Red Box Movie Rental whereby the eye retains Red Box Movie Rental a
The origin of the name "film" comes Red Box Movie Rental from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the Red Box Movie Rental primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, Red Box Movie Rental picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, Red Box Movie Rental the cinema, Red Box Movie Rental and the movies.In the Red Box Movie Rental 1860s, mechanisms for Red Box Movie Rental producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple Red Box Movie Rental optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences Red Box Movie Rental of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Red Box Movie Rental be moving, a Red Box Movie Rental phenomenon called persistence Red Box Movie Rental of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development Red Box Movie Rental of film Red Box Movie Rental animation.
A frame Red Box Movie Rental from Red Box Movie Rental Roundhay Red Box Movie Rental Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, Red Box Movie Rental it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Red Box Movie Rental Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person Red Box Movie Rental to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate Red Box Movie Rental paper prints Red Box Movie Rental attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Red Box Movie Rental Some of these machines were Red Box Movie Rental coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the Red Box Movie Rental individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion Red Box Movie Rental picture projector to shine light through the processed and Red Box Movie Rental printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other Red Box Movie Rental cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, Red Box Movie Rental but Red Box Movie Rental these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began Red Box Movie Rental developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as Red Box Movie Rental effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given Red Box Movie Rental moment. By the early Red Box Movie Rental 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with Red Box Movie Rental complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot Red Box Movie Rental from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans Red Box Movie Rental la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of Red Box Movie Rental European cinema Red Box Movie Rental was interrupted by the breakout of World War Red Box Movie Rental I while the Red Box Movie Rental film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Red Box Movie Rental Lang, along with Red Box Movie Rental American innovator D. W. Griffith Red Box Movie Rental and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Red Box Movie Rental Buster Red Box Movie Rental Keaton Red Box Movie Rental and others, continued Red Box Movie Rental to Red Box Movie Rental advance the medium. Red Box Movie Rental In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers Red Box Movie Rental to Red Box Movie Rental attach Red Box Movie Rental to each Red Box Movie Rental film Red Box Movie Rental a soundtrack of speech, music and Red Box Movie Rental sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by Red Box Movie Rental calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction Red Box Movie Rental of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of Red Box Movie Rental sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods Red Box Movie Rental evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color Red Box Movie Rental processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more Red Box Movie Rental and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio Red Box Movie Rental system in the 1960s, Red Box Movie Rental the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave Red Box Movie Rental and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part Red Box Movie Rental of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and Red Box Movie Rental into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to Red Box Movie Rental the study of film as art. It Red Box Movie Rental was started by Ricciotto Canudo's Red Box Movie Rental The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, Red Box Movie Rental and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how Red Box Movie Rental film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and Red Box Movie Rental this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, Red Box Movie Rental structuralist film theory, Red Box Movie Rental feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis Red Box Movie Rental and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into Red Box Movie Rental two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Red Box Movie Rental releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite Red Box Movie Rental this, critics have an Red Box Movie Rental important impact on films, especially those of certain Red Box Movie Rental genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a Red Box Movie Rental critic's Red Box Movie Rental overall judgment of a film. The plot Red Box Movie Rental summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact Red Box Movie Rental on whether Red Box Movie Rental people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Red Box Movie Rental Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's Red Box Movie Rental box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which Red Box Movie Rental were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent Red Box Movie Rental movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive Red Box Movie Rental film reviews have been shown Red Box Movie Rental to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing Red Box Movie Rental to avoid widespread panning of the Red Box Movie Rental film. Red Box Movie Rental However, this usually backfires as Red Box Movie Rental reviewers are Red Box Movie Rental wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly Red Box Movie Rental as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. Red Box Movie Rental These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect Red Box Movie Rental they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in Red Box Movie Rental scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also Red Box Movie Rental tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures Red Box Movie Rental became a source of profit almost Red Box Movie Rental as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing Red Box Movie Rental how successful their new invention, and its product, Red Box Movie Rental was Red Box Movie Rental in their native France, Red Box Movie Rental the Lumieres Red Box Movie Rental quickly set about touring the Continent to Red Box Movie Rental exhibit the first films privately to royalty and Red Box Movie Rental publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, Red Box Movie Rental local scenes to their catalogue and, Red Box Movie Rental quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and Red Box Movie Rental photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Red Box Movie Rental Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was Red Box Movie Rental the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Red Box Movie Rental Other Red Box Movie Rental pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed Red Box Movie Rental the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by Red Box Movie Rental 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian Red Box Movie Rental film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length Red Box Movie Rental films a year produced by the Red Box Movie Rental Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title Red Box Movie Rental is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of Red Box Movie Rental movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large Red Box Movie Rental cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Red Box Movie Rental Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the Red Box Movie Rental United States, providing recognition Red Box Movie Rental each year to films, ostensibly based on Red Box Movie Rental their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of Red Box Movie Rental or in Red Box Movie Rental addition Red Box Movie Rental to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie Red Box Movie Rental to a select audience, usually for the purposes of Red Box Movie Rental corporate promotions, before the public film premiere Red Box Movie Rental itself. Previews are sometimes Red Box Movie Rental used to judge audience reaction, which Red Box Movie Rental if unexpectedly negative, may Red Box Movie Rental result in recutting or even refilming certain Red Box Movie Rental sections. (cf Audience Red Box Movie Rental response.)
Trailer
Main article: Red Box Movie Rental Trailer (film)
Trailers Red Box Movie Rental or previews Red Box Movie Rental are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term Red Box Movie Rental "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did Red Box Movie Rental not last long, Red Box Movie Rental because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of Red Box Movie Rental the film determines the size and type of crew required during Red Box Movie Rental filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), Red Box Movie Rental created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, Red Box Movie Rental often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through Red Box Movie Rental open, collaborative Red Box Movie Rental processes. Filmmaking Red Box Movie Rental takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety Red Box Movie Rental of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes Red Box Movie Rental three years. The first year is taken up with Red Box Movie Rental development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group Red Box Movie Rental of people Red Box Movie Rental hired by Red Box Movie Rental a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of Red Box Movie Rental the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct Red Box Movie Rental from the production staff, consisting of Red Box Movie Rental producers, managers, company representatives, Red Box Movie Rental their assistants, Red Box Movie Rental and those whose Red Box Movie Rental primary responsibility falls in pre-production Red Box Movie Rental or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through Red Box Movie Rental the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined Red Box Movie Rental hierarchies Red Box Movie Rental and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other Red Box Movie Rental than acting, the Red Box Movie Rental crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics Red Box Movie Rental (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered Red Box Movie Rental part Red Box Movie Rental of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was Red Box Movie Rental eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) Red Box Movie Rental as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked Justice League Of America Movie cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most Red Box Movie Rental films were shot between 16 frame/s Red Box Movie Rental and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene Red Box Movie Rental should Red Box Movie Rental be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because Red Box Movie Rental it was the Red Box Movie Rental slowest (and Red Box Movie Rental thus cheapest) speed which allowed Red Box Movie Rental for Red Box Movie Rental sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of Red Box Movie Rental cameras Red Box Movie Rental � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable Red Box Movie Rental without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film Red Box Movie Rental in increasingly dim Red Box Movie Rental conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many Red Box Movie Rental parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is Red Box Movie Rental not limited to motion Red Box Movie Rental pictures, since the technology developed as Red Box Movie Rental the basis for photography. It can be used Red Box Movie Rental to Red Box Movie Rental present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as Red Box Movie Rental primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion Red Box Movie Rental picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color Red Box Movie Rental films through the use of Red Box Movie Rental separation masters Red Box Movie Rental � Red Box Movie Rental three B&W negatives each exposed Red Box Movie Rental through red, green, or blue filters (essentially Red Box Movie Rental a reverse of Red Box Movie Rental the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also Red Box Movie Rental been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them Red Box Movie Rental (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future Red Box Movie Rental generations (and thereby increase Red Box Movie Rental revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, Red Box Movie Rental due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend Red Box Movie Rental to Red Box Movie Rental keep up much better, assuming proper handling Red Box Movie Rental and storage.
Some films in recent Red Box Movie Rental decades have been recorded using analog Red Box Movie Rental video technology similar Red Box Movie Rental to that used in television production. Modern digital Red Box Movie Rental video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated Red Box Movie Rental and edited without Red Box Movie Rental waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Red Box Movie Rental An independent film (or indie Red Box Movie Rental film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a Red Box Movie Rental major movie studio. Red Box Movie Rental Creative, business, and technological reasons Red Box Movie Rental have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st Red Box Movie Rental century.
On the business side, the Red Box Movie Rental costs of big-budget Red Box Movie Rental studio films also leads to Red Box Movie Rental conservative choices Red Box Movie Rental in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing Red Box Movie Rental (over two-thirds of the films put out by Red Box Movie Rental Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get Red Box Movie Rental a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience Red Box Movie Rental in film or television. Also, the studios rarely Red Box Movie Rental produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional Red Box Movie Rental film equipment and stock was also a Red Box Movie Rental hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 Red Box Movie Rental mm film is outpacing inflation: Red Box Movie Rental in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up Red Box Movie Rental 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the Red Box Movie Rental technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, Red Box Movie Rental the hardware Red Box Movie Rental and software for post-production can be installed in a Red Box Movie Rental commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Red Box Movie Rental Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making Red Box Movie Rental relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the Red Box Movie Rental sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for Red Box Movie Rental distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets Red Box Movie Rental such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is Red Box Movie Rental much like an independent film, but it is Red Box Movie Rental produced through open collaborations; its source Red Box Movie Rental material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative Red Box Movie Rental works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes Red Box Movie Rental place outside Red Box Movie Rental of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or Red Box Movie Rental video inspired by a film, television program, Red Box Movie Rental comic Encore Movie Channel book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or Red Box Movie Rental creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the Red Box Movie Rental more notable films Red Box Movie Rental have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school Red Box Movie Rental class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which Red Box Movie Rental each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Red Box Movie Rental a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn Red Box Movie Rental image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation Red Box Movie Rental and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. Red Box Movie Rental When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is Red Box Movie Rental viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames Red Box Movie Rental per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is Red Box Movie Rental very labour intensive and tedious, though Red Box Movie Rental the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority Red Box Movie Rental of animation for TV and movies Red Box Movie Rental comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since Red Box Movie Rental the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Red Box Movie Rental in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Red Box Movie Rental other Red Box Movie Rental studios as cartoons moved from movie Red Box Movie Rental theaters to Red Box Movie Rental television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there Red Box Movie Rental is a specific style of animation that Red Box Movie Rental depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is Red Box Movie Rental initially produced, a feature film is often shown Red Box Movie Rental to audiences Red Box Movie Rental in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Red Box Movie Rental Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities Red Box Movie Rental within a few years.[5] In the United Red Box Movie Rental States, these Red Box Movie Rental theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one Red Box Movie Rental film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double Red Box Movie Rental features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk Red Box Movie Rental of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in Red Box Movie Rental movie theaters. Red Box Movie Rental The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology Red Box Movie Rental has also enabled Red Box Movie Rental consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats Red Box Movie Rental of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now Red Box Movie Rental made specifically for Red Box Movie Rental these other venues, being released as made-for-TV Red Box Movie Rental movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be Red Box Movie Rental of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, Red Box Movie Rental and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios Red Box Movie Rental upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater Red Box Movie Rental pays an average of about 50-55% Red Box Movie Rental of its Red Box Movie Rental ticket sales to Red Box Movie Rental the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number Red Box Movie Rental higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown Red Box Movie Rental in first-run theaters Red Box Movie Rental for less than 8 weeks. There Red Box Movie Rental are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and Red Box Movie Rental actually Red Box Movie Rental grow their theater Red Box Movie Rental count through Red Box Movie Rental good word-of-mouth Annapolis Movie and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS Red Box Movie Rental and DVD Red Box Movie Rental sales to consumers; Red Box Movie Rental and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative Red Box Movie Rental newcomer in Red Box Movie Rental the pantheon of fine arts. Red Box Movie Rental In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts Red Box Movie Rental predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over Red Box Movie Rental the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability Red Box Movie Rental of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films Red Box Movie Rental for Red Box Movie Rental home viewing, industry analysts Red Box Movie Rental again wrongly predicted the death of the Red Box Movie Rental local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround Red Box Movie Rental sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio Red Box Movie Rental and visual reproduction. These new technologies Red Box Movie Rental provided audio Red Box Movie Rental and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the Red Box Movie Rental local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing Red Box Movie Rental in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of Red Box Movie Rental a Red Box Movie Rental new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with Red Box Movie Rental the Red Box Movie Rental resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution Red Box Movie Rental of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by Red Box Movie Rental the first home video standard VHS. The maximum Red Box Movie Rental resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a Red Box Movie Rental massive Red Box Movie Rental resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new Red Box Movie Rental innovations Red Box Movie Rental is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the Red Box Movie Rental rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and Red Box Movie Rental a surge of Red Box Movie Rental online piracy, 2007 was a record year in Red Box Movie Rental film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Red Box Movie Rental Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed Red Box Movie Rental above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
