Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field Movie Star Skin Care of film as an art form, and the Movie Star Skin Care motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world Movie Star Skin Care with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those Movie Star Skin Care cultures, and, in turn, affect Movie Star Skin Care them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source Movie Star Skin Care of popular entertainment and a Movie Star Skin Care powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal Movie Star Skin Care power of communication. Some films Movie Star Skin Care have Movie Star Skin Care become popular worldwide attractions Movie Star Skin Care by Movie Star Skin Care using dubbing Movie Star Skin Care or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are Movie Star Skin Care made up of a series Movie Star Skin Care of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby Movie Star Skin Care the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that Movie Star Skin Care photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the Movie Star Skin Care primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many Movie Star Skin Care other terms exist for Movie Star Skin Care an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths Movie Star Skin Care of simple optical devices Movie Star Skin Care (such as magic lanterns) Movie Star Skin Care and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed Movie Star Skin Care for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired Movie Star Skin Care effect � Movie Star Skin Care and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, Movie Star Skin Care it became possible to directly capture Movie Star Skin Care objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look Movie Star Skin Care into a viewing Movie Star Skin Care machine Movie Star Skin Care to see the pictures which Movie Star Skin Care were separate paper prints attached to a Movie Star Skin Care drum turned by a handcrank. Movie Star Skin Care The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly Movie Star Skin Care the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the Movie Star Skin Care 1880s, the development of the motion Movie Star Skin Care picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and Movie Star Skin Care led quickly to the Movie Star Skin Care development of a motion picture Movie Star Skin Care projector to shine Movie Star Skin Care light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. Movie Star Skin Care These reels, so exhibited, Movie Star Skin Care came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing Movie Star Skin Care or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments Movie Star Skin Care (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had Movie Star Skin Care gained a Movie Star Skin Care hold on the Movie Star Skin Care public imagination. Around the turn of Movie Star Skin Care the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative Movie Star Skin Care structure Movie Star Skin Care by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were Movie Star Skin Care later broken up into Movie Star Skin Care multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience Movie Star Skin Care in silence, theater owners Movie Star Skin Care would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any Movie Star Skin Care given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a Movie Star Skin Care prepared list of sheet music for Movie Star Skin Care this purpose, with complete Movie Star Skin Care film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip Movie Star Skin Care to the Moon) Movie Star Skin Care (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry Movie Star Skin Care in United Movie Star Skin Care States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, Movie Star Skin Care and Fritz Movie Star Skin Care Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, Movie Star Skin Care new technology allowed filmmakers Movie Star Skin Care to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action Movie Star Skin Care on the screen. These Movie Star Skin Care sound films were initially distinguished Movie Star Skin Care by calling them "talking Movie Star Skin Care pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, Movie Star Skin Care color was adopted more gradually Movie Star Skin Care as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, Movie Star Skin Care as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the Movie Star Skin Care mid-1960s. Movie Star Skin Care By the end of Movie Star Skin Care the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film Movie Star Skin Care school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium Movie Star Skin Care experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts Movie Star Skin Care that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Movie Star Skin Care Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Movie Star Skin Care Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing Movie Star Skin Care that Movie Star Skin Care film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this Movie Star Skin Care gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred Movie Star Skin Care by Movie Star Skin Care Lacan's psychoanalysis Movie Star Skin Care and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other Movie Star Skin Care things has given rise Movie Star Skin Care to Movie Star Skin Care psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main Movie Star Skin Care article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided Movie Star Skin Care into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film Movie Star Skin Care criticism that appears regularly in Movie Star Skin Care newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given Movie Star Skin Care film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Movie Star Skin Care films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary Movie Star Skin Care and description of a film that makes up Movie Star Skin Care the majority of any film review Movie Star Skin Care can still have an important impact on whether Movie Star Skin Care people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely Movie Star Skin Care important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact Movie Star Skin Care of a Movie Star Skin Care reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie Movie Star Skin Care marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot Movie Star Skin Care make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly Movie Star Skin Care reviewed, as Movie Star Skin Care well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that Movie Star Skin Care positive film reviews have been shown to Movie Star Skin Care spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that Movie Star Skin Care they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning Movie Star Skin Care of the film. However, Movie Star Skin Care this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to Movie Star Skin Care the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as Movie Star Skin Care a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming Movie Star Skin Care techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are Movie Star Skin Care published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Movie Star Skin Care Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as Movie Star Skin Care soon as the Movie Star Skin Care process was invented. Upon seeing how Movie Star Skin Care successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found Movie Star Skin Care local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe Movie Star Skin Care to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. Movie Star Skin Care The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and Movie Star Skin Care distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees Movie Star Skin Care for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
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In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional Movie Star Skin Care centers exist in Movie Star Skin Care many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Movie Star Skin Care Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest Movie Star Skin Care number of films in the world.[1] Movie Star Skin Care Whether the ten Movie Star Skin Care thousand-plus feature length films a Movie Star Skin Care year produced by the Movie Star Skin Care Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit Movie Star Skin Care is a key force in the industry, Movie Star Skin Care due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious Movie Star Skin Care example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Movie Star Skin Care many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly Movie Star Skin Care based Movie Star Skin Care on their artistic merits.
There is also a large Movie Star Skin Care industry for educational and instructional films made in Movie Star Skin Care lieu of or in Movie Star Skin Care addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to Movie Star Skin Care a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, Movie Star Skin Care before the public film Movie Star Skin Care premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Movie Star Skin Care Audience response.)
Trailer
Main Movie Star Skin Care article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that Movie Star Skin Care will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of Movie Star Skin Care a film programme. That practice did not Movie Star Skin Care last long, because Movie Star Skin Care patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name Movie Star Skin Care has stuck. Movie Star Skin Care Trailers are now shown before the film Movie Star Skin Care (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and Movie Star Skin Care type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers Movie Star Skin Care and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Movie Star Skin Care very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through Movie Star Skin Care open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and Movie Star Skin Care is produced in a variety of economic contexts Movie Star Skin Care that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically Movie Star Skin Care takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second Movie Star Skin Care year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and Movie Star Skin Care distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front Movie Star Skin Care of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with Movie Star Skin Care but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose Movie Star Skin Care primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Movie Star Skin Care Communication Movie Star Skin Care between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her Movie Star Skin Care staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate Movie Star Skin Care was the first type of film base used to record motion Movie Star Skin Care pictures, but due to its Movie Star Skin Care flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large Movie Star Skin Care commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as Movie Star Skin Care 35 mm Movie Star Skin Care prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though Movie Star Skin Care 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most Movie Star Skin Care films Movie Star Skin Care were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and Movie Star Skin Care thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Movie Star Skin Care include the Movie Star Skin Care mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record Movie Star Skin Care at a Movie Star Skin Care consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in Movie Star Skin Care increasingly dim conditions, and Movie Star Skin Care the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action Movie Star Skin Care pictures Movie Star Skin Care many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has Movie Star Skin Care also been incorporated Movie Star Skin Care into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic Movie Star Skin Care films have problems in terms of preservation Movie Star Skin Care and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films Movie Star Skin Care through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have Movie Star Skin Care also Movie Star Skin Care been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation Movie Star Skin Care of decaying film stock is a Movie Star Skin Care matter of concern to Movie Star Skin Care both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their Movie Star Skin Care existing Movie Star Skin Care products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase Movie Star Skin Care revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to Movie Star Skin Care their Movie Star Skin Care high decay Movie Star Skin Care rates; Movie Star Skin Care black Movie Star Skin Care and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using Movie Star Skin Care analog video Movie Star Skin Care technology similar to that used Movie Star Skin Care in Movie Star Skin Care television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as Movie Star Skin Care well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet Movie Star Skin Care the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent Movie Star Skin Care filmmaking often takes place outside of Movie Star Skin Care Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all Movie Star Skin Care contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and Movie Star Skin Care early 21st century.
On the business side, the Movie Star Skin Care costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a Movie Star Skin Care big-budget Movie Star Skin Care studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios Movie Star Skin Care rarely Movie Star Skin Care produce Movie Star Skin Care films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the Movie Star Skin Care advent Movie Star Skin Care of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was Movie Star Skin Care also Movie Star Skin Care a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of Movie Star Skin Care 35 mm film is Movie Star Skin Care outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were Movie Star Skin Care up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital Movie Star Skin Care video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production Movie Star Skin Care and Movie Star Skin Care post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Movie Star Skin Care for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based Movie Star Skin Care personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express Movie Star Skin Care and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV Movie Star Skin Care technology, the means of Movie Star Skin Care production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and Movie Star Skin Care mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, Movie Star Skin Care financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult Movie Star Skin Care to accomplish outside the traditional Movie Star Skin Care system. Most Movie Star Skin Care independent filmmakers rely on Movie Star Skin Care film festivals to Movie Star Skin Care get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets Movie Star Skin Care such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main Movie Star Skin Care article: Open content film
An open Movie Star Skin Care content film is much like an independent film, but it Movie Star Skin Care is produced through open collaborations; its source material Movie Star Skin Care is available Movie Star Skin Care under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties Movie Star Skin Care to Movie Star Skin Care create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a Movie Star Skin Care film, Movie Star Skin Care television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers Movie Star Skin Care as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures Movie Star Skin Care to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a Movie Star Skin Care film Movie Star Skin Care is produced individually, whether generated as a Movie Star Skin Care computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by Movie Star Skin Care repeatedly making small changes to a model unit Movie Star Skin Care (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung Movie Star Skin Care together and the Movie Star Skin Care resulting Movie Star Skin Care film is viewed Movie Star Skin Care at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Movie Star Skin Care Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development Movie Star Skin Care of Movie Star Skin Care computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or Movie Star Skin Care over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive Movie Star Skin Care to produce, the majority Movie Star Skin Care of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at Movie Star Skin Care least since the 1950s, with Movie Star Skin Care animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by Movie Star Skin Care a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to Movie Star Skin Care enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by Movie Star Skin Care using "short cuts" in Movie Star Skin Care the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation Movie Star Skin Care studios are now Movie Star Skin Care using Movie Star Skin Care digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific Movie Star Skin Care style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman Movie Star Skin Care McLaren, Len Lye Movie Star Skin Care and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to Movie Star Skin Care audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first Movie Star Skin Care theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from Movie Star Skin Care existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United Movie Star Skin Care States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a Movie Star Skin Care nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a Movie Star Skin Care "B picture" of lower Movie Star Skin Care quality Movie Star Skin Care rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the Movie Star Skin Care bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists Movie Star Skin Care of previews for upcoming movies Movie Star Skin Care and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or Movie Star Skin Care "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were Movie Star Skin Care made to be shown in movie theaters. The development Movie Star Skin Care of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the Movie Star Skin Care film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording Movie Star Skin Care technology has also enabled consumers to rent Movie Star Skin Care or buy copies of films on VHS Movie Star Skin Care or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the Movie Star Skin Care film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values Movie Star Skin Care on these Movie Star Skin Care films are often Movie Star Skin Care considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, Movie Star Skin Care some films that Movie Star Skin Care are Movie Star Skin Care rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through Movie Star Skin Care these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as Movie Star Skin Care film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, Movie Star Skin Care and decreases as the duration of a Movie Star Skin Care film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. Movie Star Skin Care However, today's barrage of highly marketed Movie Star Skin Care movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a Movie Star Skin Care few movies every year that defy Movie Star Skin Care this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. Movie Star Skin Care According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD Movie Star Skin Care sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon Movie Star Skin Care of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became Movie Star Skin Care widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from Movie Star Skin Care television's Movie Star Skin Care increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and Movie Star Skin Care large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In Movie Star Skin Care the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films Movie Star Skin Care for home viewing, industry analysts Movie Star Skin Care again wrongly Movie Star Skin Care predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In Movie Star Skin Care the 1990s and 2000s the development Movie Star Skin Care of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled Movie Star Skin Care people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio Movie Star Skin Care and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Movie Star Skin Care industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Movie Star Skin Care Local Movie Star Skin Care cinemas will be Movie Star Skin Care changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, Movie Star Skin Care a new approach which will Movie Star Skin Care allow for easier Movie Star Skin Care and quicker distribution of Movie Star Skin Care films Movie Star Skin Care (via satellite or hard Movie Star Skin Care disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video Movie Star Skin Care by the Movie Star Skin Care likes Movie Star Skin Care of Movie Star Skin Care a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are Movie Star Skin Care gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution Movie Star Skin Care of 1920?1080 a leap from the Movie Star Skin Care DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 Movie Star Skin Care offered by the first home video standard VHS. The Movie Star Skin Care maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or Movie Star Skin Care 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer Movie Star Skin Care a massive resolution of Movie Star Skin Care 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. Movie Star Skin Care The only viable Movie Star Skin Care competitor to Movie Star Skin Care these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a Movie Star Skin Care record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Movie Star Skin Care Many Movie Star Skin Care expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed Movie Star Skin Care above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
