| An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages Stanley Job Box or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether Stanley Job Box the employee is paid Stanley Job Box by the hour or a set rate per Stanley Job Box pay period. Stanley Job Box A Stanley Job Box salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the Stanley Job Box minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands Stanley Job Box of employees. In most western Stanley Job Box societies governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in Stanley Job Box small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that Stanley Job Box although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains Stanley Job Box autonomous control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also Stanley Job Box maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of power over Stanley Job Box employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage Stanley Job Box and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
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The balance of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate Stanley Job Box debate in the field Stanley Job Box of employment relations. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can fund Stanley Job Box and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous revolving issue Stanley Job Box in westernised societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic Stanley Job Box factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes Stanley Job Box the four major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage Stanley Job Box disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away Stanley Job Box from the industrialized nations, Stanley Job Box towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment Stanley Job Box and wage inequality in Stanley Job Box developing countries. This happens Stanley Job Box as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a What Job Is For Me global labour Stanley Job Box market results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased Stanley Job Box international competition creates a pressure to Stanley Job Box reduce the wages and conditions of Stanley Job Box workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is Stanley Job Box increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic Stanley Job Box activity is reduced.
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What Stanley Job Box also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in industrialized Stanley Job Box countries an average of almost 70 per Stanley Job Box cent of workers are Stanley Job Box employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers Stanley Job Box are either forced Stanley Job Box to become more skilled an develop sought Stanley Job Box after trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this is a result of Stanley Job Box changes and trends of employment, Stanley Job Box an evolving workforce Stanley Job Box and globalisation that is represented by a more Stanley Job Box skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that Stanley Job Box are growing in non Stanley Job Box standard Stanley Job Box Job Search Process forms of Stanley Job Box employment
Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the Stanley Job Box effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) Stanley Job Box describe control can as being either output focused, Stanley Job Box focusing on desired targets with Stanley Job Box within managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, or process controls, Stanley Job Box which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at Stanley Job Box many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, Stanley Job Box with control forming Stanley Job Box the fundamental link Stanley Job Box between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as Stanley Job Box decreasing wage constraints with a maximization of labour productivity in order to achieve a Stanley Job Box prolific employment relationship.
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Motivation is the third Stanley Job Box and most difficult of the factors in Stanley Job Box the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which Stanley Job Box energizes, directs and sustains human Stanley Job Box behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and Stanley Job Box continues him in the course of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as Stanley Job Box all three facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally Stanley Job Box important quest Jennifer Gray Nose Job for Stanley Job Box individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
