The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. Shoes Madden Steve Man However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he Shoes Madden Steve Man has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 Shoes Madden Steve Man and 26,000 years Shoes Madden Steve Man ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this Shoes Madden Steve Man period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of Shoes Madden Steve Man a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The Shoes Madden Steve Man insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits Shoes Madden Steve Man directly beneath the foot. Shoes Madden Steve Man Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to Shoes Madden Steve Man control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole Shoes Madden Steve Man is Shoes Madden Steve Man the layer in direct contact with the Shoes Madden Steve Man ground. Dress shoes have Shoes Madden Steve Man leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented Shoes Madden Steve Man shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, Shoes Madden Steve Man while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes Shoes Madden Steve Man will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have Shoes Madden Steve Man spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing Shoes Madden Steve Man shoes Shoes Madden Steve Man have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole Shoes Madden Steve Man and Shoes Madden Steve Man the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have Shoes Madden Steve Man a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of Shoes Madden Steve Man a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the Shoes Madden Steve Man heel of the foot. They are often made Shoes Madden Steve Man of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or Shoes Madden Steve Man to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more Shoes Madden Steve Man than a few straps for holding the Shoes Madden Steve Man sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, Shoes Madden Steve Man sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. Shoes Madden Steve Man This part is Shoes Madden Steve Man often decorated Shoes Running Kappa or is made in a certain style to look Shoes Madden Steve Man attractive. The Shoes Madden Steve Man U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from Shoes Madden Steve Man 1967, describes a Shoes Madden Steve Man method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert Discount Womens Running Shoes By Brooks a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user Shoes Madden Steve Man is not wearing it, to Shoes Madden Steve Man help maintain Shoes Madden Steve Man the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert Shoes Madden Steve Man of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced Shoes Madden Steve Man abrasion. Shoes Madden Steve Man These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be Trail Asics Running Shoes used Shoes Madden Steve Man to correct Shoes Madden Steve Man foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against Shoes Madden Steve Man damage when Shoes Madden Steve Man they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or Shoes Madden Steve Man wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: Shoes Madden Steve Man a Shoes Madden Steve Man wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual Shoes Madden Steve Man shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather Shoes Madden Steve Man uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy Shoes Madden Steve Man leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress Shoes Madden Steve Man shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most Shoes Madden Steve Man of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper Shoes Madden Steve Man part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with Shoes Madden Steve Man openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the Shoes Madden Steve Man ankles are also available; a shoe with the Shoes Madden Steve Man upper rising Shoes Madden Steve Man above the ankle is Shoes Madden Steve Man usually considered Shoes Madden Steve Man a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the West Michigan Running Shoes shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized Shoes Madden Steve Man by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In Shoes Madden Steve Man England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies Shoes Madden Steve Man to Shoes Madden Steve Man market shoes that are Shoes Madden Steve Man not balmorals, such as Shoes Madden Steve Man rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as Shoes Madden Steve Man the Shoes Madden Steve Man Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: Shoes Madden Steve Man a buckle and Shoes Madden Steve Man strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular Shoes Madden Steve Man such Shoes Madden Steve Man as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can Shoes Running Asics Golf Shoes also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have Shoes Madden Steve Man a sleek appearance and Shoes Madden Steve Man no Shoes Madden Steve Man extra decorations Shoes Madden Steve Man on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated Shoes Madden Steve Man panel, the Shoes Madden Steve Man wing-tip, which extends down either side of the Shoes Madden Steve Man shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further Shoes Madden Steve Man information might be found on the talk page or at Shoes Madden Steve Man requests for expansion.
The Shoes Madden Steve Man tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for Dmx Running Shoes suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted Shoes Madden Steve Man as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather Shoes Madden Steve Man wear, and may Shoes Madden Steve Man be seen as more comfortable than shoes with Shoes Madden Steve Man a higher heel.
High heels may be Shoes Madden Steve Man shoes with Shoes Madden Steve Man heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly Shoes Madden Steve Man worn by women Shoes Madden Steve Man for formal occasions or social Shoes Madden Steve Man outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind Shoes Madden Steve Man of novelty Shoes Madden Steve Man dress Shoes Madden Steve Man shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a Shoes Madden Steve Man heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole Shoes Madden Steve Man and various straps, leaving much of the foot Shoes Madden Steve Man exposed Shoes Madden Steve Man to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler Shoes Madden Steve Man than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more Shoes Madden Steve Man casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or Shoes Madden Steve Man featuring a white sole. They have Shoes Madden Steve Man soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) Shoes Madden Steve Man frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times Shoes Madden Steve Man of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: Shoes Madden Steve Man For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's Shoes Madden Steve Man and women's athletic shoes Shoes Madden Steve Man and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many Shoes Madden Steve Man cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic Brooks Running Shoes Massachusetts shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or Shoes Madden Steve Man plastic to be lightweight, Shoes Madden Steve Man flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis Shoes Madden Steve Man on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often Shoes Madden Steve Man with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the Shoes Madden Steve Man right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually Shoes Madden Steve Man worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better Shoes Madden Steve Man grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially Shoes Running Women Women around the edge of each spike Shoes Madden Steve Man are much Shoes Madden Steve Man more common today (and Shoes Madden Steve Man are Shoes Madden Steve Man required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels Shoes Madden Steve Man so as not Shoes Madden Steve Man to damage bowling alley floors. They Shoes Madden Steve Man are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They Shoes Madden Steve Man typically have Shoes Madden Steve Man a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat Shoes Madden Steve Man stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction Shoes Madden Steve Man on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than Shoes Madden Steve Man the Shoes Madden Steve Man running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: Shoes Madden Steve Man a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding Shoes Madden Steve Man shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. Shoes Madden Steve Man They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect Shoes Madden Steve Man the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes Shoes Madden Steve Man are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff Shoes Madden Steve Man sole to Shoes Madden Steve Man maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in Shoes Madden Steve Man thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used Shoes Madden Steve Man for mostly recreational purposes Shoes Madden Steve Man in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction Shoes Madden Steve Man and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have Shoes Madden Steve Man a toe box that is stiffened with Shoes Madden Steve Man glue and a hardened sole so Shoes Madden Steve Man the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. Shoes Madden Steve Man They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied Shoes Madden Steve Man to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, Shoes Madden Steve Man with thicker material under Shoes Madden Steve Man the ball and heel of the foot, and Shoes Madden Steve Man thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the Shoes Madden Steve Man foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or Shoes Madden Steve Man pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to Shoes Madden Steve Man the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Shoes Madden Steve Man Federation): Ballroom and Shoes Madden Steve Man Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch Shoes Madden Steve Man heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes Shoes Madden Steve Man are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually Shoes Madden Steve Man made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. Shoes Madden Steve Man The low Ballroom heel Shoes Madden Steve Man distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Shoes Madden Steve Man Latin American shoes have higher heels Shoes Madden Steve Man designed to throw the dancer's Shoes Madden Steve Man weight on to the toes and the Shoes Madden Steve Man soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch Shoes Madden Steve Man to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a Shoes Madden Steve Man combination of a sneaker Shoes Madden Steve Man and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with Shoes Madden Steve Man a one to three inch heel, which are usually Shoes Madden Steve Man made of leather, and often Shoes Madden Steve Man have one or more straps across the instep to secure the Shoes Madden Steve Man foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) Shoes Madden Steve Man or hard-soled varieties. They may be Shoes Madden Steve Man converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, Shoes Madden Steve Man partial foot covers that Shoes Madden Steve Man protect the ball of Shoes Madden Steve Man a dancer's foot from skin Shoes Madden Steve Man abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, Shoes Madden Steve Man flesh colored foot Shoes Madden Steve Man thongs give a dancer the Shoes Madden Steve Man appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, Shoes Madden Steve Man to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they Shoes Madden Steve Man are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, Air Max Running Shoes By Nike military personnel, Shoes Madden Steve Man etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective Shoes Madden Steve Man features may include Shoes Madden Steve Man steel-tipped toes and soles Shoes Madden Steve Man or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past Shoes Madden Steve Man include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th Shoes Madden Steve Man century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they Shoes Madden Steve Man continued in use even into the early 20th Shoes Madden Steve Man century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the Shoes Madden Steve Man 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a Shoes Madden Steve Man person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The Shoes Madden Steve Man person is Shoes Madden Steve Man said Shoes Madden Steve Man to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for Shoes Madden Steve Man protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Fila Running Shoes Finland Not all shoes can have their soles Shoes Madden Steve Man replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit Shoes Madden Steve Man for use, shoes can be Shoes Madden Steve Man treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into Shoes Madden Steve Man other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world Shoes Madden Steve Man (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Shoes Madden Steve Man Europe and Canada, as well as Shoes Madden Steve Man Alaska) Shoes Madden Steve Man it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected Shoes Madden Steve Man that Shoes Madden Steve Man visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. Shoes Madden Steve Man People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into Shoes Madden Steve Man the Shoes Madden Steve Man house. For some societies, including those in Asia, Shoes Madden Steve Man indoor footwear may be Shoes Madden Steve Man provided for guests.
In the Middle Shoes Madden Steve Man East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet Shoes Madden Steve Man to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an Shoes Madden Steve Man extreme insult for the foot, socks, Shoes Madden Steve Man or shoes to touch someone's head Shoes Madden Steve Man or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the Shoes Madden Steve Man opponent's head with their foot Shoes Madden Steve Man (most Shoes Madden Steve Man Muay Thai Shoes Madden Steve Man kicks are executed with the shin). |
