Film Showtime Movie Schedules is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, Showtime Movie Schedules and the motion Showtime Movie Schedules picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with Showtime Movie Schedules cameras, or Showtime Movie Schedules by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films Showtime Movie Schedules are Showtime Movie Schedules cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film Showtime Movie Schedules is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal Showtime Movie Schedules power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or Showtime Movie Schedules subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional Master And Commander Movie films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a Showtime Movie Schedules viewer Dvd Movie Backup has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the Showtime Movie Schedules name "film" Showtime Movie Schedules comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had Showtime Movie Schedules historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture Showtime Movie Schedules show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the Showtime Movie Schedules cinema, Showtime Movie Schedules and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing Showtime Movie Schedules artificially Showtime Movie Schedules created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such Showtime Movie Schedules as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Showtime Movie Schedules be Showtime Movie Schedules moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect Showtime Movie Schedules � Showtime Movie Schedules and the underlying Showtime Movie Schedules principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Showtime Movie Schedules 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person Showtime Movie Schedules to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were Showtime Movie Schedules separate Showtime Movie Schedules paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown Showtime Movie Schedules at a variable speed of Showtime Movie Schedules about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was Showtime Movie Schedules turned. Some of Showtime Movie Schedules these machines were coin operated. Showtime Movie Schedules By the 1880s, the development of the motion Showtime Movie Schedules picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture Showtime Movie Schedules projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture Showtime Movie Schedules shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn Showtime Movie Schedules of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure Showtime Movie Schedules by stringing scenes together Showtime Movie Schedules to tell Showtime Movie Schedules narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera Showtime Movie Schedules movement Showtime Movie Schedules were realized as effective ways to Showtime Movie Schedules portray a story on film. Rather than leave the Showtime Movie Schedules audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of Free Asian Movie Galleries the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Showtime Movie Schedules Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the Showtime Movie Schedules breakout of World War I while Showtime Movie Schedules the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. Showtime Movie Schedules However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Showtime Movie Schedules Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Showtime Movie Schedules Keaton and others, Showtime Movie Schedules continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new Showtime Movie Schedules technology allowed Showtime Movie Schedules filmmakers to Showtime Movie Schedules attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound Showtime Movie Schedules effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the Showtime Movie Schedules introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed Showtime Movie Schedules silent film and theater Showtime Movie Schedules musicians, color was adopted Showtime Movie Schedules more Showtime Movie Schedules gradually as methods evolved Showtime Movie Schedules making it more Showtime Movie Schedules practical and cost Showtime Movie Schedules effective Showtime Movie Schedules to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to Showtime Movie Schedules black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as Showtime Movie Schedules black-and-white film, more Showtime Movie Schedules and more movies were filmed in color Showtime Movie Schedules after the end of World War II, as Showtime Movie Schedules the industry in America came to view color as Showtime Movie Schedules essential to attracting audiences Showtime Movie Schedules in its competition Showtime Movie Schedules with television, which remained a black-and-white Showtime Movie Schedules medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw Showtime Movie Schedules changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of Showtime Movie Schedules film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the Showtime Movie Schedules medium experienced in the latter half of the Showtime Movie Schedules 20th century. Digital technology has been Showtime Movie Schedules the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into Showtime Movie Schedules the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Showtime Movie Schedules Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film Showtime Movie Schedules theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine Showtime Movie Schedules art. Showtime Movie Schedules Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by Showtime Movie Schedules arguing that film's artistic Showtime Movie Schedules essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. Holloween Movie More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's Showtime Movie Schedules semiotics Showtime Movie Schedules among other things has given rise Showtime Movie Schedules to psychoanalytical film theory, Showtime Movie Schedules structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Showtime Movie Schedules categories: academic criticism Showtime Movie Schedules by Showtime Movie Schedules film scholars and journalistic film criticism that Showtime Movie Schedules appears regularly in newspapers Showtime Movie Schedules and other media.
Film critics working Showtime Movie Schedules for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media Showtime Movie Schedules mainly review new releases. Showtime Movie Schedules Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, Showtime Movie Schedules critics have Showtime Movie Schedules an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend Showtime Movie Schedules not to be greatly affected Showtime Movie Schedules by a Showtime Movie Schedules critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have Showtime Movie Schedules an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as Showtime Movie Schedules most dramas, the influence Showtime Movie Schedules of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film Showtime Movie Schedules to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office Showtime Movie Schedules performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that Showtime Movie Schedules reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, Showtime Movie Schedules the cataclysmic Showtime Movie Schedules failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically Showtime Movie Schedules praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others Showtime Movie Schedules note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in Showtime Movie Schedules little-known films. Conversely, there Showtime Movie Schedules have been several films in Showtime Movie Schedules which film Showtime Movie Schedules companies have so little confidence that they Showtime Movie Schedules refuse to Showtime Movie Schedules give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread Showtime Movie Schedules panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the Showtime Movie Schedules tactic and warn the public Showtime Movie Schedules that the film may not be worth seeing and the Showtime Movie Schedules films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a Showtime Movie Schedules more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film Showtime Movie Schedules studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers Showtime Movie Schedules or appear on television, their articles Showtime Movie Schedules are published Madonna Movie in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film Showtime Movie Schedules industry
The making and Showtime Movie Schedules showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their Showtime Movie Schedules native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly Showtime Movie Schedules to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue Showtime Movie Schedules and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment Showtime Movie Schedules and photograph, export, import and Showtime Movie Schedules screen additional product Showtime Movie Schedules commercially. The Showtime Movie Schedules Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture Showtime Movie Schedules ever produced. Other pictures Showtime Movie Schedules soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a Showtime Movie Schedules contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the Showtime Movie Schedules United Showtime Movie Schedules States today, Showtime Movie Schedules much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature Showtime Movie Schedules length Showtime Movie Schedules films a year produced by the Showtime Movie Schedules Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to Showtime Movie Schedules concentrate under the Showtime Movie Schedules auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature Showtime Movie Schedules of filmmaking; Showtime Movie Schedules many films have large cost Showtime Movie Schedules overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive Showtime Movie Schedules to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also Showtime Movie Schedules known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards Showtime Movie Schedules in the United Movie Productions States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large Showtime Movie Schedules industry for educational and instructional Showtime Movie Schedules films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview Showtime Movie Schedules performance refers to a showing of a Showtime Movie Schedules movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Showtime Movie Schedules Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films Showtime Movie Schedules that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they Showtime Movie Schedules are Showtime Movie Schedules shown. The term Showtime Movie Schedules "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in Showtime Movie Schedules a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film Showtime Movie Schedules determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), Showtime Movie Schedules created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may Showtime Movie Schedules be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, Showtime Movie Schedules collaborative Showtime Movie Schedules processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced Showtime Movie Schedules in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to Showtime Movie Schedules profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three Showtime Movie Schedules years. The first Showtime Movie Schedules year is taken up with development. The second year comprises Showtime Movie Schedules preproduction Showtime Movie Schedules and production. Showtime Movie Schedules The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Showtime Movie Schedules crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a Petaluma Movie Theater film or Showtime Movie Schedules motion picture. Crew Showtime Movie Schedules are distinguished from cast, the Showtime Movie Schedules actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, Showtime Movie Schedules managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production Showtime Movie Schedules and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other Showtime Movie Schedules than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock Showtime Movie Schedules consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was Showtime Movie Schedules the first Showtime Movie Schedules type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large Showtime Movie Schedules commercial films are still shot on Showtime Movie Schedules (and distributed Showtime Movie Schedules to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected Showtime Movie Schedules at Showtime Movie Schedules various speeds using hand-cranked Showtime Movie Schedules cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard Showtime Movie Schedules silent Showtime Movie Schedules speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s Showtime Movie Schedules and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene Showtime Movie Schedules should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the Showtime Movie Schedules camera, the Showtime Movie Schedules invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at Blood Monkey Movie exactly Showtime Movie Schedules the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but Showtime Movie Schedules for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, Showtime Movie Schedules film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic Showtime Movie Schedules films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is Showtime Movie Schedules exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been Showtime Movie Schedules copied onto Showtime Movie Schedules modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use Showtime Movie Schedules of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or Showtime Movie Schedules blue Showtime Movie Schedules filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to Showtime Movie Schedules future generations (and thereby increase Showtime Movie Schedules revenue). Preservation is generally a Showtime Movie Schedules higher-concern Showtime Movie Schedules for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color Showtime Movie Schedules films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much Showtime Movie Schedules better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in Showtime Movie Schedules recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Showtime Movie Schedules Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated Showtime Movie Schedules and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking Showtime Movie Schedules often takes place outside Showtime Movie Schedules of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Showtime Movie Schedules An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially Showtime Movie Schedules produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth Showtime Movie Schedules of the indie film Showtime Movie Schedules scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over Showtime Movie Schedules two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful Showtime Movie Schedules director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job Showtime Movie Schedules on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry Showtime Movie Schedules experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, Showtime Movie Schedules particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital Showtime Movie Schedules alternatives, the cost of professional Showtime Movie Schedules film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, Showtime Movie Schedules direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of Showtime Movie Schedules 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer Showtime Movie Schedules camcorders in 1985, and Showtime Movie Schedules more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early Showtime Movie Schedules 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier Showtime Movie Schedules to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have Showtime Movie Schedules been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in Showtime Movie Schedules a commodity-based Movie Wall Myspace personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas Showtime Movie Schedules and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction Showtime Movie Schedules of Showtime Movie Schedules DV technology, the means Showtime Movie Schedules of production have Showtime Movie Schedules become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. Showtime Movie Schedules However, while Showtime Movie Schedules the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers Showtime Movie Schedules rely on film festivals to get Showtime Movie Schedules their films noticed Showtime Movie Schedules and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open Showtime Movie Schedules content film is much like Showtime Movie Schedules an independent Showtime Movie Schedules film, but Showtime Movie Schedules it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available Showtime Movie Schedules under a license which is Showtime Movie Schedules permissive enough Showtime Movie Schedules to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a Showtime Movie Schedules traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, Showtime Movie Schedules open source filmmaking takes place outside of Showtime Movie Schedules Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video Showtime Movie Schedules inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a Showtime Movie Schedules similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or Showtime Movie Schedules creators. Fan Showtime Movie Schedules filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects Showtime Movie Schedules or as Showtime Movie Schedules demonstration Showtime Movie Schedules reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, Showtime Movie Schedules whether generated as a computer graphic, or by Showtime Movie Schedules photographing a drawn image, or Showtime Movie Schedules by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a Showtime Movie Schedules special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a Showtime Movie Schedules speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive Showtime Movie Schedules and tedious, though Showtime Movie Schedules the development of computer Showtime Movie Schedules animation has greatly sped Showtime Movie Schedules up the process.
File formats like GIF, Showtime Movie Schedules QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be Showtime Movie Schedules viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming Showtime Movie Schedules and often Showtime Movie Schedules very expensive to Showtime Movie Schedules produce, the Showtime Movie Schedules majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional Showtime Movie Schedules animation studios. However, the Showtime Movie Schedules field Showtime Movie Schedules of independent animation has existed at least since Showtime Movie Schedules the 1950s, with Showtime Movie Schedules animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation Showtime Movie Schedules industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios Showtime Movie Schedules as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using Showtime Movie Schedules digital technologies in their Showtime Movie Schedules productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Showtime Movie Schedules Wrist Cutters Movie Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly Showtime Movie Schedules onto pieces of film, Showtime Movie Schedules and then run through a Showtime Movie Schedules projector.
Venues
When it Showtime Movie Schedules is initially produced, a Showtime Movie Schedules feature film is often shown to Showtime Movie Schedules audiences in a Showtime Movie Schedules movie theater or cinema. The Showtime Movie Schedules first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Showtime Movie Schedules Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in Showtime Movie Schedules 1905.[4] Thousands of such Showtime Movie Schedules theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a Showtime Movie Schedules few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be Showtime Movie Schedules known Showtime Movie Schedules as nickelodeons, Showtime Movie Schedules because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, Showtime Movie Schedules there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an Showtime Movie Schedules independent theater for Showtime Movie Schedules a Showtime Movie Schedules lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as Showtime Movie Schedules trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films Showtime Movie Schedules were made to be shown in movie theaters. The Showtime Movie Schedules development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of Showtime Movie Schedules films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available Showtime Movie Schedules and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Showtime Movie Schedules Some films Showtime Movie Schedules are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video Showtime Movie Schedules movies. The production Showtime Movie Schedules values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own Showtime Movie Schedules studios upon completion are Showtime Movie Schedules distributed through Showtime Movie Schedules these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The Showtime Movie Schedules actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to Showtime Movie Schedules theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for Showtime Movie Schedules less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every Showtime Movie Schedules year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and Showtime Movie Schedules reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; Showtime Movie Schedules and 28% Showtime Movie Schedules came from television (broadcast, cable, and Showtime Movie Schedules pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the Showtime Movie Schedules pantheon of fine arts. Showtime Movie Schedules In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and Showtime Movie Schedules 2000s Showtime Movie Schedules the development of digital Showtime Movie Schedules DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large Showtime Movie Schedules LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved Showtime Movie Schedules audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of Showtime Movie Schedules the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving Showtime Movie Schedules towards digital screens, a new approach which will Showtime Movie Schedules allow for easier and Showtime Movie Schedules quicker distribution of films (via satellite or Showtime Movie Schedules hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of Showtime Movie Schedules |
