Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive are produced by recording images from the world with Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive power of communication. Some Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive films have become popular Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive called film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive stock) had historically been Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive terms for Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the field Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in general include the big Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive artificially created, two-dimensional images in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive devices (such as magic lanterns) and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive would display Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive sequences of still Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive appear to be moving, a phenomenon called Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive about 5 Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive allowed the individual component images to be Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive captured and stored on Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive through the Loved Ones Movie processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive exhibited, came to be Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn Project X The Movie of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist Free Movie Links Xxx or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of World War Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive I while the film industry Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive W. Griffith and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the contributions of Charles Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive development of cinema was the introduction of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and cost effective to produce "natural Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive By the end Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and style of film. New Hollywood, French Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive New Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Wave and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive part of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the changes the medium experienced in the latter half Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive theory seeks to develop concise Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and systematic concepts that apply to the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive study of film as Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Art. Formalist film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Kracauer, emphasized how Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive from reality, and this gave rise Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to realist theory. More recent Sex And The City Movie Blog analysis spurred by Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of any Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive review can Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive still Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive have an important impact on Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive whether people decide Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive extremely important. Poor Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive intense and well financed Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive that reviewers cannot make an Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive harshly reviewed, as well as Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive little-known films. Conversely, there have been several Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive films in which Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive result.
It is argued that journalist film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive critics should only be Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive known as film reviewers, and true Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film critics are those who take a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive more academic approach to films. This line of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive They also tend to be Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of profit almost as soon as the process Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive was invented. Upon seeing how Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive touring the Continent to Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Other pictures soon Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive regional centers exist in many parts Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of the world, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive such as Mumbai-centered Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of Wow Ashbringer Movie movie studios, recent advances in affordable Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive films have large Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive known as Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive for films Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive that Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive at the end of a film programme. That practice Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive a double feature program) begins.
The Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive nature Movie Screener of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made Tom Sawyer Movie with Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive an open source film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive may Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive be produced through Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of economic contexts Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive with development. The second year comprises Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive distribution.
Crew
Main article: Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive crew
A film crew is Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive a group of people hired by a film company, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive voices for characters Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive transparent celluloid, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive acetate, or Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive type of film base used to record Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive motion pictures, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive frame/s) is Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive generally cited as Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive a standard Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive 16 Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive frame/s and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive quality. Improvements since the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive late 19th century include the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to be usable without requiring large Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the form of a slideshow. Film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive has also Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in terms Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive onto Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive modern safety films. Some studios save color Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive films through the use of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive separation masters Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive methods have also Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive been used Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of concern to both film historians and archivists, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and to Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive companies interested in preserving their Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay Cytherea Movie Clips rates; black and white films on safety bases Adult Movie Streaming and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been Columbus Ga Movie Theater recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive footage Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive outside of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Hollywood, or other major studio systems. My Girl Movie Soundtrack An independent film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive (or indie film) is a film Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive contributed to the growth Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive television. Also, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the studios rarely produce films with unknown Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive importantly, the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive software for post-production can be installed Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive can Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive rely on film festivals to get their Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive films noticed and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to Doctor Tushy Movie be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative Delta Farce Movie Photos works, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Fan film
A Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive or a similar source, created by fans rather than Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive been amateurs, but some of Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the more notable films Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive unit Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the persistence of vision). Generating such a Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive very time-consuming and often very Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive expensive Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive since the Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive by a single person). Several independent Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive animation producers have gone on Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive exclusively for cinema opened in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive videodisc), Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive and Internet downloads may be available and Lena Headey Celebrity Movie Archive have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically |
