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Film is a term Atonement Movie that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras,

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or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those Atonement Movie cultures, and, Atonement Movie in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art Atonement Movie form, a source of popular Atonement Movie entertainment and

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a powerful

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method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have Atonement Movie become popular worldwide Atonement Movie attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of Atonement Movie a series of individual images Atonement Movie called frames. When these images are shown rapidly Atonement Movie in succession, a Atonement Movie viewer has the illusion that motion Atonement Movie is occurring. Atonement Movie The viewer cannot see the flickering Atonement Movie between frames

Atonement Movie

due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the Atonement Movie name "film" comes Atonement Movie from the

Atonement Movie

fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording Atonement Movie and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, Atonement Movie photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were Atonement Movie outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as Atonement Movie magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures Atonement Movie to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Atonement Movie Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed Atonement Movie to achieve the desired effect � Atonement Movie and the underlying Movie Forums principle became the basis for the development of film Atonement Movie animation. A Atonement Movie frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the Internet Movie Data Base world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With Atonement Movie the development

Atonement Movie

of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the Atonement Movie technology sometimes required a person to look Atonement Movie into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned Atonement Movie by a handcrank. The pictures Atonement Movie were shown at Atonement Movie a variable speed of about 5 to Atonement Movie 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly Atonement Movie the crank was turned. Some of these machines were Atonement Movie coin operated. By the Atonement Movie 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed Atonement Movie the individual component images to be captured and stored on Atonement Movie a single reel, and led quickly Atonement Movie to the development Atonement Movie of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed Atonement Movie film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen

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for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were Atonement Movie static

Atonement Movie

shots that showed an event or action with no Atonement Movie editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative Atonement Movie structure Atonement Movie by Atonement Movie stringing scenes together to Atonement Movie tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were Atonement Movie realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist

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or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By Atonement Movie the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major Atonement Movie productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune Atonement Movie (A Atonement Movie Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The Atonement Movie rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton Atonement Movie and others, continued to advance the Atonement Movie medium. In Atonement Movie the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step in the development Atonement Movie of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to Atonement Movie black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white Atonement Movie film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to Atonement Movie view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system in the Atonement Movie 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the

Atonement Movie

production and style of film. New Atonement Movie Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop Atonement Movie concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Atonement Movie Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how Atonement Movie film differed from reality, Atonement Movie and thus could be considered a Atonement Movie valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent Atonement Movie analysis spurred Atonement Movie by Lacan's psychoanalysis Atonement Movie and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other Atonement Movie things has given rise Atonement Movie Movie Thumbs to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Atonement Movie general, these works Atonement Movie can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see Atonement Movie any given film once and have only a day or two to Atonement Movie formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have

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an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass

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marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not Atonement Movie to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description Atonement Movie of a film that makes up the majority of any Atonement Movie film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to Atonement Movie see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the Atonement Movie influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact Atonement Movie of a reviewer on a

Atonement Movie

given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure Atonement Movie of some heavily-promoted movies which were Atonement Movie harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film Atonement Movie reviews Atonement Movie have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid Atonement Movie widespread panning of the film. Atonement Movie However, this usually backfires as reviewers are Atonement Movie wise Atonement Movie to the tactic and warn the public that the film Atonement Movie may not be worth seeing and the films often Atonement Movie do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and Atonement Movie true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory Atonement Movie or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear Atonement Movie on television, their articles are published in scholarly Atonement Movie journals, or sometimes in Atonement Movie up-market magazines. Atonement Movie They also tend to be affiliated with Atonement Movie colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how Atonement Movie successful their new Atonement Movie invention, and Atonement Movie its product, was Atonement Movie in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Atonement Movie first films privately Atonement Movie to royalty and publicly to the Atonement Movie masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes Atonement Movie to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs Atonement Movie in the various countries of Europe to buy Atonement Movie their equipment and Atonement Movie photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of Atonement Movie 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed Atonement Movie the vaudeville Atonement Movie world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Atonement Movie Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an Atonement Movie annual salary of one million dollars. In the United States today, much of

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the film industry is centered Atonement Movie around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts Atonement Movie of Atonement Movie the world, Atonement Movie such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces Atonement Movie the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the

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ten Atonement Movie thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Atonement Movie Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature Atonement Movie of Atonement Movie filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a

Atonement Movie

notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers Atonement Movie strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to Atonement Movie films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also Atonement Movie a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for Atonement Movie the purposes of corporate Atonement Movie promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or Atonement Movie previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen Atonement Movie they are shown. The term "trailer" comes Atonement Movie from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice Atonement Movie did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but Atonement Movie the name has Atonement Movie stuck.

Atonement Movie

Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and type Atonement Movie of crew required during filmmaking. Many Atonement Movie Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of Atonement Movie 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Atonement Movie Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of Atonement Movie economic contexts that range from Atonement Movie state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, Atonement Movie post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew Atonement Movie is a group of people hired by a film Atonement Movie company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in

Atonement Movie

front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is Atonement Movie also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and Atonement Movie cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics Atonement Movie (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent Atonement Movie celluloid, acetate, or

Atonement Movie

polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its Atonement Movie flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had Atonement Movie a Atonement Movie rich history, though most Atonement Movie large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed Atonement Movie to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various Atonement Movie speeds Atonement Movie using hand-cranked Atonement Movie cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films Atonement Movie were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions Atonement Movie on Atonement Movie how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for Atonement Movie the sound head. 24 frames Atonement Movie per Atonement Movie second was chosen because it was the Atonement Movie slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements Atonement Movie since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large Atonement Movie "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors Atonement Movie to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. Atonement Movie The soundtrack can be recorded separately

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from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are

Atonement Movie

usually recorded simultaneously. As a Atonement Movie medium, film Atonement Movie is not limited to motion pictures, since Atonement Movie the technology developed as the basis for photography.

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It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images Atonement Movie in the form Atonement Movie of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, Atonement Movie and often has Atonement Movie importance as primary historical Atonement Movie documentation. However, historic films Atonement Movie have problems in terms of preservation and Atonement Movie storage, and the motion picture Atonement Movie industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of Atonement Movie the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, Atonement Movie although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Atonement Movie a poor choice for long-term Atonement Movie preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of Atonement Movie concern Atonement Movie to Atonement Movie both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make Atonement Movie them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, Atonement Movie due to their high decay rates; black and white films

Atonement Movie

on safety bases and color

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films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming Atonement Movie proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches Atonement Movie are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially Atonement Movie because footage can be evaluated and edited without Atonement Movie waiting for the film stock to Atonement Movie be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as Atonement Movie of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, Atonement Movie and technological reasons have all contributed Atonement Movie to the growth of the

Atonement Movie

indie film Atonement Movie scene Atonement Movie in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget Atonement Movie Gay Movie studio Atonement Movie films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in Atonement Movie 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] Atonement Movie A hopeful director is almost never Atonement Movie given the opportunity to Atonement Movie get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience

Atonement Movie

in film Atonement Movie or television. Also, Atonement Movie the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing Atonement Movie inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs Atonement Movie were up 23%, according Atonement Movie to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in Atonement Movie 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly Atonement Movie lowered; today, the hardware and Atonement Movie software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and Atonement Movie non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Atonement Movie Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such Atonement Movie as Apple's Final Cut Express Atonement Movie and iMovie Atonement Movie make movie-making Atonement Movie relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV Atonement Movie technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Atonement Movie Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a Atonement Movie movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. Atonement Movie The

Atonement Movie

arrival of internet-based video Atonement Movie outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape Atonement Movie in Atonement Movie ways that are still to be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open content film is much like an independent film, but Atonement Movie it is produced through open collaborations;

Atonement Movie

its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan Atonement Movie fiction or derivative works, than

Atonement Movie

a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place Atonement Movie outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A Atonement Movie fan film is Atonement Movie a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by Atonement Movie fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have Atonement Movie traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films Atonement Movie have Atonement Movie actually been produced by Atonement Movie professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration Atonement Movie reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, Atonement Movie from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent Atonement Movie motion pictures Atonement Movie to Atonement Movie rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as

Atonement Movie

a computer graphic, or by photographing a Atonement Movie drawn image,

Atonement Movie

or Atonement Movie by repeatedly making small changes to Atonement Movie a Atonement Movie model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together

Atonement Movie

and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or Atonement Movie more frames per second,

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there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating Atonement Movie such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like Atonement Movie GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Atonement Movie Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or Atonement Movie over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming

Atonement Movie

and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. Atonement Movie However, the field of independent animation has existed Atonement Movie at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production Atonement Movie and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to Atonement Movie television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style Atonement Movie of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces Atonement Movie of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When Atonement Movie it is initially produced, a feature film Atonement Movie is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened Atonement Movie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of Atonement Movie such theaters were built Atonement Movie or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a Atonement Movie nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is Atonement Movie the featured presentation (or feature Atonement Movie film). Before the 1970s, there were Atonement Movie "double features"; typically, a Atonement Movie high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater

Atonement Movie

for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature Atonement Movie film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film Atonement Movie is Atonement Movie no Atonement Movie longer being shown in Atonement Movie theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of Atonement Movie films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision �

Atonement Movie

see also videodisc), Atonement Movie and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue Atonement Movie sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, Atonement Movie being released as made-for-TV movies Atonement Movie or direct-to-video movies. The production values on Atonement Movie these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected Atonement Movie by their own studios upon completion are distributed

Atonement Movie

through these Atonement Movie markets. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The Atonement Movie actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases Atonement Movie as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to Atonement Movie theaters to keep movies in the Atonement Movie theater longer. However, today's barrage of Atonement Movie highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. Atonement Movie There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their Atonement Movie theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by Atonement Movie ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; Atonement Movie and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and Atonement Movie pay-per-view).[6] Future Atonement Movie state While motion picture films have been Atonement Movie around for more than a century, Atonement Movie film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In Atonement Movie the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the

Atonement Movie

demise Atonement Movie of local movie theaters. Despite Atonement Movie competition Atonement Movie from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color Atonement Movie television and large screens, Atonement Movie motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to Atonement Movie select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas. In the 1990s Atonement Movie and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view Movie How High films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas Atonement Movie had Atonement Movie been Atonement Movie able to provide: a large, clear widescreen Atonement Movie presentation of a film Atonement Movie with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the Atonement Movie demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas The Strangers Movie will be changing in the 2000s Atonement Movie and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow Atonement Movie for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite Atonement Movie or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new Atonement Movie DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film Atonement Movie currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a Atonement Movie future digital Atonement Movie video format, will offer

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a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing

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all current film resolutions. The only Atonement Movie viable Atonement Movie competitor to Atonement Movie these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 Atonement Movie resolution. Despite the rise of all Atonement Movie new Atonement Movie technologies, Atonement Movie the Downloadable Movie Trailers development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film Atonement Movie that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it Atonement Movie has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future.

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