CA1100052A - Tubesheet used in reverse osmosis hollow fiber permeators - Google Patents
Tubesheet used in reverse osmosis hollow fiber permeatorsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1100052A CA1100052A CA296,424A CA296424A CA1100052A CA 1100052 A CA1100052 A CA 1100052A CA 296424 A CA296424 A CA 296424A CA 1100052 A CA1100052 A CA 1100052A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubesheet
- face
- bores
- assembly
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A bundle of permeable hollow fibers has an end potted in a resinous tubesheet which is opened for the egress of permeate by means of a plurality of bores which extend generally parallel to the tubesheet face and which connect with an axial conduit or with a peripheral, annular conduit. The face of the tubesheet which, optionally, may be opened, is supported by an end of a cylindrical casing in which the hollow fiber/tubesheet assembly is enclosed when in use as a component of a permeability separatory apparatus.
18,277-F
A bundle of permeable hollow fibers has an end potted in a resinous tubesheet which is opened for the egress of permeate by means of a plurality of bores which extend generally parallel to the tubesheet face and which connect with an axial conduit or with a peripheral, annular conduit. The face of the tubesheet which, optionally, may be opened, is supported by an end of a cylindrical casing in which the hollow fiber/tubesheet assembly is enclosed when in use as a component of a permeability separatory apparatus.
18,277-F
Description
Permeability separatory devices in which the membrane takes the form of permeable hollow fibers are now well known. Such devices offer a high membrane area per unit volume of module and do not require membrane supporting means, even when trans-membrane pressure differentials of up to 1500 pounds per square inch are employed. However, such units have not been free of support-connected problems.
It is conventional practice to pot the ends of the hollow fibers in a solid body of resin which is con-veniently referred to as a tubesheet. The face of the tubesheet is sliced off (or protruding fiber loops are cut off) to permit egress of permeate (water, for example) from the fiber lumens when the fiber/tubesheet assembly is placed, together with suitable sealing means, in a pressurizable casing and a fluid (an aqueous brine, for example) is supplied to the exterior of the unpotted fiber portions under sufficient pressure to cause permeation through the fiber walls. The pressure differential, between the back of the tubesheet - from which the unpotted fiber portions extend - and the tubesheet face, exerts a force which can be very substantial (as in reverse osmosis processes, for example). This force tends to deform the tubesheet and results in shear stresses which can lead to failure. Thus, some means of supporting the tubesheet is generally required, even at the expense of increased resis-tance to permeate egress from the fiber lumens.
Perhaps the simplest prior art tubesheet support means is a perforated metal plate as disclosed in U. S.
Patent 3,422,008. An alternative support means has been 18,277-F
disclosed (for tubesheets not located at the ends of fiber bundles) in U. S. Patent 3,455,460 and 3,475,331. The '460 patent is directed to a type of permeator in which the hollow fibers are spirally wound, in layers, around an inner, elongated core and the tubesheet is disposed longitudinally, like a dike, rising from the core to the bundle periphery and extending from one end to the other of the bundle. The fibers passing through the tubesheet are opened by routing out a trench (into which a porous support member is inserted) or by drilling holes (which may or may not penetrate the core wall). The '331 patent discloses a spherically wound hollow fiber bundle with an equatorial tubesheet (dike) which is drilled or routed to open the fiber lumens.
The present invention now recognizes that drilling can also be applied to end-potted bundles, thereby per-mitting the tubesheet to be supported simply by placing it with its end face against the casing end, while avoiding any restriction of permeate egress from the fiber lumens.
The only other type of support means is that described in U. S. Patent 3,702,658 which is directed to the disposition of "porous" supports, such as particle beds, frits and screens, between the tubesheet face and the casing end.
Less impedance to permeate flow, as compared to perforated plates results if certain relationships between the fiber lumen diameter and the characterizing surface dimensions of the supporting material are satisfied. However, even when optimum match between lumen size and surface character is achieved, this type of support still, unavoidably, inter-feres to some extent with the egress of permeate from the fiber ends.
18,277-F -2-l~OOQ52 The present invention, in its broadest aspect, comprises a non-random bundle of permeable hollow fiber lengths, the bundle having two recognizable ends, at least one of which is potted in a tubesheet body which is pierced by bores which are generally perpendicular to the central, "longitudinal" axis of the bundle. The bundle/-tubesheet assembly is used as a component of a hollow-fiber permeability separatory device.
More precisely, the invention may be defined as a tubesheet assembly for a hollow fiber permeability separation apparatus, comprising a bundle of hollow fibers having at least one end potted in a shaped, solid resin body which constitutes said tubesheet, said tubesheet having a ~irst face from which the unpotted portions of said fibers extend, and a second, opposed face, the portions of the fibers extending into said tubesheet terminating at or adjacent to said second face, said potted fiber portions being interrupted and opening into bores in the tubesheet for flow of permeate from the interrupted fibers into the bores, each of said bores extending to and opening upon a surface of the tubesheet other than said first and second faces, said assembly being disposed in a pressurizable casing and forming therewith permeate collectina means, feed fluid inlet and outlet means and permeate outlet means in said casing, and wherein the second face of said tubesheet is in contact with at least a major portion of an end member in said casing for supportinq the tubesheet against the pressure exerted by said fluid on said first face.
1~,^77-F -3-~OQQ5æ
Ordinarily, the bores in the tubesheet will open on a peripheral surface from which they were drilled, although it is possible to fabricate units in such manner that the bores open only on an internal "peripheral"
surface, i.e., at the interior of a hollow axial core which is contiguous with the tubesheet and may be considered, in this regard, as part of it.
The fiber "lengths" are either separate, unlooped fiber sections or generally elongate loops of one or more fibers or tows and may be disposed in the bundle in essen-tially parallel array or as spirals or criss-crossed end--to-end loops (around a central core or mandrel).
It should be noted that a fiber bundle and tubesheet assembly which is adapted to be positioned with the tubesheet face in contact with a casing end member is necessarily also adapted to be placed in contact with an intervening support means capable of transmitting the differential pressure force to the casing end (or to a support ring sealed in or engaged with the casing wall).
It should also be noted that a second end of a bundle may be potted in a solid body of resin which is not cut or drilled and which functions only as a positioning, restraining or handling means, rather than as a tubesheet.
Alternatively, the second end of the bundle may be potted in a separate tubesheet which may be opened and supported in a conventional manner but which is preferably opened and supported in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and accompanying figures in which:
18,277-F -4-llOOQ52 Figure 1 is an elevational view, in cross-section, of a reverse osmosis, hollow fiber, permeator.
Figure 2 is an end view of the permeator taken along section line 2-2 of Figure 1.
With particular reference to Figure 1, there is illustrated a generally cylindrical bundle (1) of parallel hollow fiber lengths (2) (flattened loops, closed at each end) which is potted at one end in a tubesheet (3). The tubesheet is a solid, cylindrical body of a cured resin through which the potted fiber portions (4) (indicated in phantom) extend from an inner or back face (5) to an outer face (6).
The fiber bundle (1) is disposed symmetrically around an axial core (7) which is hollow, except for a cemented-on solid end portion (8). Slots or holes (29) in the walls of the core constitute a means for introducing a fluid to the exteriors of the unpotted fiber portions.
Two spaced apart rows of bores (9), which are parallel to each other and to outer face (6), pass completely through a tubesheet section of reduced diameter having a peri-pheral surface (10) onto which the open ends of each bore (9) terminate. Those bores which encounter the solid end (8) of core (7) pass through it without interruption.
An annular groove (11) is provided in a larger diameter section of the tubesheet to receive an elastomeric O-ring seal (30). An adaptor (12) is threaded onto the opposite end of core (7) and is connected to a fluid feed source when the fiber bundle/tubesheet assembly is placed in a cylindrical casing (13).
18,277-F -5-llOOQ52 The fiber bundle/tubesheet and core assembly, as described, is disposed in the casing (13) which is closed by feed and permeate header plates (17,22) set in from the casing ends. The feed header plate (22) is fitted with a feed conduit (14) and a concentrate outlet conduit (15). The permeate header plate (17) is fitted with a permeate discharge conduit (16).
As seen in Figures 1 and 2, the permeate header plate (17) has intersecting permeate channels (18), (shown in phantom) cut in its inner face (6) which is in contact with the tubesheet face (6). O-ring seal (33) is disposed in an annular groove (34) in the plate (17) and bears against the inner surface of casing (13).
Plate (17) is held in place and supported within casing (13) by segmented ring (19). A peripheral portion of the ring (19) is seated in an annular groove (20) in an interior surface of casing (13). Plate (17) and ring segments (19) are connected by bolts (21). The feed header plate (22) is also held in place by and bolted to a segmented retainer ring (19) set in a groove (28) in the interior surface of the casing. An elastomeric O-ring seal (26) is positioned in annular groove (27) in plate (22), which is fastened by bolts (21) to segmented supporting ring (lg), a peripheral portion of which is seated in annular groove (28) in the inner surface of casing (13).
Feed header plate (22) is fitted with a threaded--in coupling adaptor (23) which bears against a conventional sealing gasket (24). A brine feed conduit (14) and a connecting nipple (25) are threaded into the adaptor (12).
The casing is coated inside and out with a corrosion 18,277-F -6-: ~oooæ
resistant epoxy resin (coating not shown). The distri-buting slots (29) in the core (7) are preferably arranged in a regular but staggered pattern although any other pattern is readily apparent to persons skilled in the art as long as an even and optimum distribution of the feed fluid over the fibers is achieved.
me fiber bundle is wrapped with a bandage or sleeve (not shown) of a suitable fabric. One end of the sleeve is embedded in the peripheral portion of the tube-sheet. The other end may be left free or may be embedded ;
along the periphery of a thin, annular layer of the same ~`
tubesheet material at the looped ends of the fibers in the bundle. The wrapping functions in a conventional manner to protect the bundle during handling and to constrain the fibers in the bundle to ensure even flow through it.
In operation, an untreated fluid such as, for ~,J~ example, brackish water or brine enters the feed conduit (14) under pressure, passes into the core (7) and flows radially outward through the hollow fiber bundle (1) from slots (29), and thence around the periphery of the bundle ~;
through space (31) to the concentrate outlet conduit (15).
The portion of the fluid which permeates through the ` fiber walls passes through their lumens to bores (9), then to and through a space (32) formed between the reduced diameter peripheral surface of tubesheet (10) and an inner surface of casing (13) to the grooves (18) in the inside face of header plate (17) and out through the permeate outlet conduit (16).
A typical permeator of the type illustrated in Figure 1 is designed for the production of about 2500 18,277-F -7-gallons per day (GPD) of potable water (about 350 ppm NaCl) from about 8333 GPD of sea water (35,000 ppm NaCl) under a transmembrane pressure differential of about 800 psig. Approximately two million generally parallel lenstns (one million loops) of cellulose triacetate hollow fibers having an inside diameter of 35 microns and an outside diameter of 90 microns, constitute ~e bundle, which is about 7.375 inches (18.7 cm) in diameter and which has an "active" length ~after potting) of about 29.25 inches (74.3 cm). The portions of the fibers potted in the t~be-sheet are about 3.75 inches (9.5 cm3 long and are openec by a total of 15 bores 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in diameter.
The bundle and tubesheet are built up together on a 33.625 inch (85.5 cm) long core, consisting of a length of PVC
(polyvinyl chloride) pipe and the two PVC adaptors, as it is rotated on spindles connected to the adaptors. A belt of elongated loops of fiber is rolled up on the core in the manner described in U. S. Patent 3,755,034, while an epoxy resin (see U. S. Patent 3,619,459) is continually applied at one end of the growing bundle to form the tube-sheet (except for a final peripheral layer). The resin is cured and the bundle/tubesheet/core assembly is spirally wrapped with a DYNEL~ fabric (vinyl chlorlde/acrylonitrile co-polymer) "bandage". A thin layer of tubesheet resin is then applied at each end of the wrapped assembly and cured.
The assembly is inserted in a 42 inch (107 cm) length of 8 inch (20.3 cm), schedule 60, steel casing whlch has been coated with a brine resistant epoxy resin, i.side and out. The header plates, brine and permeate conduits, segment rings and bolts ~all made of brine-resistant i8,277-F -8-`?~
S' `'S~.
110005z stainless steel) and seals, are then emplaced to complete assembly of the permeator.
The hollow fibers employed may be fabricated of any of a number of known materials such as are disclosed in, for example, U. S. Patent 3,423,491 or 3,532,527.
The shape of the outer tubesheet face (6) may be concave, planar, or convex, since cooperating supporting--member or casing ends of conformed shape can readily be made. The inner face (5) also does not have to be planar (or concentric with or parallel to the outer face), but a more efficient use of potting resin results if the two faces are parallel and generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bundle. Accordingly, the latter configuration is preferred.
The permeate outlet bores (9) are preferably so located within the tubesheet (3) as to be formable by drilling from an (external) peripheral surace of the same, thus facilitating both fabrication procedures and collec-tion of permeate. However, it is possible to fabricate a fiber bundle, core and tubesheet assembly consisting of two cemented-together halves. The potted fiber portions in each half would be opened by drilling bores radially outwardly through the wall of the semi-cylindrical core-half and through the tubesheet-half for a distance somewhat less than a full radius. In order to open a high proportion of the potted fiber ends by radial bores, it is necessary to use a thicker tubesheet and to drill more bores. This type of unit has an advantage in elimi-nating the need for permeate collecting means, other than a hollow end section of core (separated by a partition 18,277-F _g_ " 1100052 from the rest of the bore). However, this advantage is more than counter-balanced by the greater number of fabrication steps required and the reduced efficiency of utilization of materials and space. Accordingly, the latter type of unit, in which the bores do not emerge on a peripheral (external) surface of the tubesheet, is less preferred.
Although the permeate collecting means employed in the embodiment of Figure 1 (the combination of the annular space around the tubesheet and the cooperating grooves and conduit in the adjacent header plate) is highly satisfactory, another arrangement is to provide a - groove in the outer face (6) of the tubesheet (10), rather - than on the inner face of the header plate (17). Since - 15 any potted fiber-ends terminating in the portions of the `
tubesheet which have been removed to make the grooves will be opened, correspondingly fewer bores within the tubesheet will be required and a thinner tubesheet can be used. A convenient way to make such grooves is to first drill a row of bores immediately adjacent the face of the tubesheet and then machine off the face to a depth less than one bore diameter, preferably to a depth of about one bore radius. This will, of course, result in opening of all fiber-ends terminating at or immediately adjacent to (inside or outside) the tubesheet face and the ungrooved portions of the face will be in contact with the casing end (or intervening support member, porous or non-porous) when the assembly is inserted in a casing, etc. However, this will not matter if the fiber ends not opening into the face grooves do open into the internal bores. It is, of 18,277-F -10-llOOQ52 course, a simple matter to locate the bores in such manner as to ensure this. In order to ensure an adequate area of contact between the ungrooved portion of the tubesheet face and the supporting member against which it will bear, at least half of the fiber ends potted in the tubesheet should be opened by bores, rather than by face grooves. In order to open the potted fiber ends with a minimum number of bores and grooves, the axes of the bores should be parallel to each other and to the axes of the grooves. Also, the grooves and bores should be spaced in a regular, alternating pattern, as viewed from the grooved face. Preferably, not more than a third of the area of the face is grooved; that is, at least two thirds of the fiber ends are opened by the internal bores.
A simpler alternative is to dispense with collecting grooves altogether and to locate one or more permeate outlet conduits in the side of the casing to communicate with the annular space around the tubesheet which communicates with the bore ends. If this is done, the area of contact between the tubesheet and the member supporting it will be maximized. Also, in situations where the permeator must be fitted into a relatively short space, the lateral location of the permeate outlet conduit(s) may be advantageous.
Still another alternative is to utilize a peri-pheral surface of the tubesheet in order to drill bores, on a pluxality of diameters through the tubesheet and into a hollow axial core end (separated from the rest of the core by a suitable partition or plug) which is to be utilized for permeate egress. The bore openings at the 18,277-F
110aO52 exterior surface are closed by an encircling band or hoop of metal or resin-impregnated fabric which is cemented or otherwise fastened to the exterior surface (together with cooperating O-ring or other type seals). This is a more practical alternative than joining two half-assemblies which have been provided with bores from the interior of the core-halves. However, radial bores are less efficient in opening the fiber ends than are bores extending along chords and are therefore less preferred.
When a hollow fiber bundle which does not have any central void (such as a hollow core) is employed, the permeate necessarily must be collected at the ends of the bores opening on the peripheral surface from which they are drilled.
It will be recognized that various types of support means, of such design as not to hamper the egress of permeate from the bores, may be placed in the annular space between the tubesheet periphery and the casing.
However, this ordinarily will not be necessary. It will also be recognized that any of a variety of porous or foraminous support means may be placed within the bores.
Fiber bundle/tubesheet assemblies in which both ends of the bundle are potted in drilled tubesheets are, of course, within the ambit of the invention. Such assemblies may be utilized in the same manner as illus-trated in the embodiment of Figure 1 except that the permeate will be collected at both ends of the bundle and the concentrate will be discharged from outlet conduits provided in the side of the casing. Alternatively, the permeate (or ultrafiltrate) derived from the high pressure 18,277-F -12-~lO~QS2 fluid external to the fibers may be co-mingled with a different fluid fed to the fiber lumens at one tubesheet (under a substantially lower pressure) and discharged at the other tubesheet.
Permeability separation processes which may be carried out with permeator units comprising the fiber bundle/tubesheet assemblies of the invention are not limited to reverse osmosis or to other processes in which all fluid streams consist of liquids; gas/gas and gas/liquid separations are also advantageously carried out with such assemblies. Similarly, they may be employed for such purposes as combining, rather than separating, different fluids.
Another variation may be made in such tubesheet/-fiber bundle assemblies and in permeator units incorporating them in that permeate may be collected from (bores in) a different surface of a supported tubesheet than the face which must be in contact with the support.
The present invention accordingly provides a permeator and a method of supporting tubesheets, disposed at the ends of hollow fiber bundles, which does not inter-fere with the free flow of fluids into or out of the fiber lumens. The need for a porous supporting member between the tubesheet face and the casing end is eliminated.
The present invention also provides a method of support to which already-fabricated permeators, in which the tubesheets are supported only by annular rings or similar means, can readily be adapted.
18,277-F -13-
It is conventional practice to pot the ends of the hollow fibers in a solid body of resin which is con-veniently referred to as a tubesheet. The face of the tubesheet is sliced off (or protruding fiber loops are cut off) to permit egress of permeate (water, for example) from the fiber lumens when the fiber/tubesheet assembly is placed, together with suitable sealing means, in a pressurizable casing and a fluid (an aqueous brine, for example) is supplied to the exterior of the unpotted fiber portions under sufficient pressure to cause permeation through the fiber walls. The pressure differential, between the back of the tubesheet - from which the unpotted fiber portions extend - and the tubesheet face, exerts a force which can be very substantial (as in reverse osmosis processes, for example). This force tends to deform the tubesheet and results in shear stresses which can lead to failure. Thus, some means of supporting the tubesheet is generally required, even at the expense of increased resis-tance to permeate egress from the fiber lumens.
Perhaps the simplest prior art tubesheet support means is a perforated metal plate as disclosed in U. S.
Patent 3,422,008. An alternative support means has been 18,277-F
disclosed (for tubesheets not located at the ends of fiber bundles) in U. S. Patent 3,455,460 and 3,475,331. The '460 patent is directed to a type of permeator in which the hollow fibers are spirally wound, in layers, around an inner, elongated core and the tubesheet is disposed longitudinally, like a dike, rising from the core to the bundle periphery and extending from one end to the other of the bundle. The fibers passing through the tubesheet are opened by routing out a trench (into which a porous support member is inserted) or by drilling holes (which may or may not penetrate the core wall). The '331 patent discloses a spherically wound hollow fiber bundle with an equatorial tubesheet (dike) which is drilled or routed to open the fiber lumens.
The present invention now recognizes that drilling can also be applied to end-potted bundles, thereby per-mitting the tubesheet to be supported simply by placing it with its end face against the casing end, while avoiding any restriction of permeate egress from the fiber lumens.
The only other type of support means is that described in U. S. Patent 3,702,658 which is directed to the disposition of "porous" supports, such as particle beds, frits and screens, between the tubesheet face and the casing end.
Less impedance to permeate flow, as compared to perforated plates results if certain relationships between the fiber lumen diameter and the characterizing surface dimensions of the supporting material are satisfied. However, even when optimum match between lumen size and surface character is achieved, this type of support still, unavoidably, inter-feres to some extent with the egress of permeate from the fiber ends.
18,277-F -2-l~OOQ52 The present invention, in its broadest aspect, comprises a non-random bundle of permeable hollow fiber lengths, the bundle having two recognizable ends, at least one of which is potted in a tubesheet body which is pierced by bores which are generally perpendicular to the central, "longitudinal" axis of the bundle. The bundle/-tubesheet assembly is used as a component of a hollow-fiber permeability separatory device.
More precisely, the invention may be defined as a tubesheet assembly for a hollow fiber permeability separation apparatus, comprising a bundle of hollow fibers having at least one end potted in a shaped, solid resin body which constitutes said tubesheet, said tubesheet having a ~irst face from which the unpotted portions of said fibers extend, and a second, opposed face, the portions of the fibers extending into said tubesheet terminating at or adjacent to said second face, said potted fiber portions being interrupted and opening into bores in the tubesheet for flow of permeate from the interrupted fibers into the bores, each of said bores extending to and opening upon a surface of the tubesheet other than said first and second faces, said assembly being disposed in a pressurizable casing and forming therewith permeate collectina means, feed fluid inlet and outlet means and permeate outlet means in said casing, and wherein the second face of said tubesheet is in contact with at least a major portion of an end member in said casing for supportinq the tubesheet against the pressure exerted by said fluid on said first face.
1~,^77-F -3-~OQQ5æ
Ordinarily, the bores in the tubesheet will open on a peripheral surface from which they were drilled, although it is possible to fabricate units in such manner that the bores open only on an internal "peripheral"
surface, i.e., at the interior of a hollow axial core which is contiguous with the tubesheet and may be considered, in this regard, as part of it.
The fiber "lengths" are either separate, unlooped fiber sections or generally elongate loops of one or more fibers or tows and may be disposed in the bundle in essen-tially parallel array or as spirals or criss-crossed end--to-end loops (around a central core or mandrel).
It should be noted that a fiber bundle and tubesheet assembly which is adapted to be positioned with the tubesheet face in contact with a casing end member is necessarily also adapted to be placed in contact with an intervening support means capable of transmitting the differential pressure force to the casing end (or to a support ring sealed in or engaged with the casing wall).
It should also be noted that a second end of a bundle may be potted in a solid body of resin which is not cut or drilled and which functions only as a positioning, restraining or handling means, rather than as a tubesheet.
Alternatively, the second end of the bundle may be potted in a separate tubesheet which may be opened and supported in a conventional manner but which is preferably opened and supported in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and accompanying figures in which:
18,277-F -4-llOOQ52 Figure 1 is an elevational view, in cross-section, of a reverse osmosis, hollow fiber, permeator.
Figure 2 is an end view of the permeator taken along section line 2-2 of Figure 1.
With particular reference to Figure 1, there is illustrated a generally cylindrical bundle (1) of parallel hollow fiber lengths (2) (flattened loops, closed at each end) which is potted at one end in a tubesheet (3). The tubesheet is a solid, cylindrical body of a cured resin through which the potted fiber portions (4) (indicated in phantom) extend from an inner or back face (5) to an outer face (6).
The fiber bundle (1) is disposed symmetrically around an axial core (7) which is hollow, except for a cemented-on solid end portion (8). Slots or holes (29) in the walls of the core constitute a means for introducing a fluid to the exteriors of the unpotted fiber portions.
Two spaced apart rows of bores (9), which are parallel to each other and to outer face (6), pass completely through a tubesheet section of reduced diameter having a peri-pheral surface (10) onto which the open ends of each bore (9) terminate. Those bores which encounter the solid end (8) of core (7) pass through it without interruption.
An annular groove (11) is provided in a larger diameter section of the tubesheet to receive an elastomeric O-ring seal (30). An adaptor (12) is threaded onto the opposite end of core (7) and is connected to a fluid feed source when the fiber bundle/tubesheet assembly is placed in a cylindrical casing (13).
18,277-F -5-llOOQ52 The fiber bundle/tubesheet and core assembly, as described, is disposed in the casing (13) which is closed by feed and permeate header plates (17,22) set in from the casing ends. The feed header plate (22) is fitted with a feed conduit (14) and a concentrate outlet conduit (15). The permeate header plate (17) is fitted with a permeate discharge conduit (16).
As seen in Figures 1 and 2, the permeate header plate (17) has intersecting permeate channels (18), (shown in phantom) cut in its inner face (6) which is in contact with the tubesheet face (6). O-ring seal (33) is disposed in an annular groove (34) in the plate (17) and bears against the inner surface of casing (13).
Plate (17) is held in place and supported within casing (13) by segmented ring (19). A peripheral portion of the ring (19) is seated in an annular groove (20) in an interior surface of casing (13). Plate (17) and ring segments (19) are connected by bolts (21). The feed header plate (22) is also held in place by and bolted to a segmented retainer ring (19) set in a groove (28) in the interior surface of the casing. An elastomeric O-ring seal (26) is positioned in annular groove (27) in plate (22), which is fastened by bolts (21) to segmented supporting ring (lg), a peripheral portion of which is seated in annular groove (28) in the inner surface of casing (13).
Feed header plate (22) is fitted with a threaded--in coupling adaptor (23) which bears against a conventional sealing gasket (24). A brine feed conduit (14) and a connecting nipple (25) are threaded into the adaptor (12).
The casing is coated inside and out with a corrosion 18,277-F -6-: ~oooæ
resistant epoxy resin (coating not shown). The distri-buting slots (29) in the core (7) are preferably arranged in a regular but staggered pattern although any other pattern is readily apparent to persons skilled in the art as long as an even and optimum distribution of the feed fluid over the fibers is achieved.
me fiber bundle is wrapped with a bandage or sleeve (not shown) of a suitable fabric. One end of the sleeve is embedded in the peripheral portion of the tube-sheet. The other end may be left free or may be embedded ;
along the periphery of a thin, annular layer of the same ~`
tubesheet material at the looped ends of the fibers in the bundle. The wrapping functions in a conventional manner to protect the bundle during handling and to constrain the fibers in the bundle to ensure even flow through it.
In operation, an untreated fluid such as, for ~,J~ example, brackish water or brine enters the feed conduit (14) under pressure, passes into the core (7) and flows radially outward through the hollow fiber bundle (1) from slots (29), and thence around the periphery of the bundle ~;
through space (31) to the concentrate outlet conduit (15).
The portion of the fluid which permeates through the ` fiber walls passes through their lumens to bores (9), then to and through a space (32) formed between the reduced diameter peripheral surface of tubesheet (10) and an inner surface of casing (13) to the grooves (18) in the inside face of header plate (17) and out through the permeate outlet conduit (16).
A typical permeator of the type illustrated in Figure 1 is designed for the production of about 2500 18,277-F -7-gallons per day (GPD) of potable water (about 350 ppm NaCl) from about 8333 GPD of sea water (35,000 ppm NaCl) under a transmembrane pressure differential of about 800 psig. Approximately two million generally parallel lenstns (one million loops) of cellulose triacetate hollow fibers having an inside diameter of 35 microns and an outside diameter of 90 microns, constitute ~e bundle, which is about 7.375 inches (18.7 cm) in diameter and which has an "active" length ~after potting) of about 29.25 inches (74.3 cm). The portions of the fibers potted in the t~be-sheet are about 3.75 inches (9.5 cm3 long and are openec by a total of 15 bores 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in diameter.
The bundle and tubesheet are built up together on a 33.625 inch (85.5 cm) long core, consisting of a length of PVC
(polyvinyl chloride) pipe and the two PVC adaptors, as it is rotated on spindles connected to the adaptors. A belt of elongated loops of fiber is rolled up on the core in the manner described in U. S. Patent 3,755,034, while an epoxy resin (see U. S. Patent 3,619,459) is continually applied at one end of the growing bundle to form the tube-sheet (except for a final peripheral layer). The resin is cured and the bundle/tubesheet/core assembly is spirally wrapped with a DYNEL~ fabric (vinyl chlorlde/acrylonitrile co-polymer) "bandage". A thin layer of tubesheet resin is then applied at each end of the wrapped assembly and cured.
The assembly is inserted in a 42 inch (107 cm) length of 8 inch (20.3 cm), schedule 60, steel casing whlch has been coated with a brine resistant epoxy resin, i.side and out. The header plates, brine and permeate conduits, segment rings and bolts ~all made of brine-resistant i8,277-F -8-`?~
S' `'S~.
110005z stainless steel) and seals, are then emplaced to complete assembly of the permeator.
The hollow fibers employed may be fabricated of any of a number of known materials such as are disclosed in, for example, U. S. Patent 3,423,491 or 3,532,527.
The shape of the outer tubesheet face (6) may be concave, planar, or convex, since cooperating supporting--member or casing ends of conformed shape can readily be made. The inner face (5) also does not have to be planar (or concentric with or parallel to the outer face), but a more efficient use of potting resin results if the two faces are parallel and generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bundle. Accordingly, the latter configuration is preferred.
The permeate outlet bores (9) are preferably so located within the tubesheet (3) as to be formable by drilling from an (external) peripheral surace of the same, thus facilitating both fabrication procedures and collec-tion of permeate. However, it is possible to fabricate a fiber bundle, core and tubesheet assembly consisting of two cemented-together halves. The potted fiber portions in each half would be opened by drilling bores radially outwardly through the wall of the semi-cylindrical core-half and through the tubesheet-half for a distance somewhat less than a full radius. In order to open a high proportion of the potted fiber ends by radial bores, it is necessary to use a thicker tubesheet and to drill more bores. This type of unit has an advantage in elimi-nating the need for permeate collecting means, other than a hollow end section of core (separated by a partition 18,277-F _g_ " 1100052 from the rest of the bore). However, this advantage is more than counter-balanced by the greater number of fabrication steps required and the reduced efficiency of utilization of materials and space. Accordingly, the latter type of unit, in which the bores do not emerge on a peripheral (external) surface of the tubesheet, is less preferred.
Although the permeate collecting means employed in the embodiment of Figure 1 (the combination of the annular space around the tubesheet and the cooperating grooves and conduit in the adjacent header plate) is highly satisfactory, another arrangement is to provide a - groove in the outer face (6) of the tubesheet (10), rather - than on the inner face of the header plate (17). Since - 15 any potted fiber-ends terminating in the portions of the `
tubesheet which have been removed to make the grooves will be opened, correspondingly fewer bores within the tubesheet will be required and a thinner tubesheet can be used. A convenient way to make such grooves is to first drill a row of bores immediately adjacent the face of the tubesheet and then machine off the face to a depth less than one bore diameter, preferably to a depth of about one bore radius. This will, of course, result in opening of all fiber-ends terminating at or immediately adjacent to (inside or outside) the tubesheet face and the ungrooved portions of the face will be in contact with the casing end (or intervening support member, porous or non-porous) when the assembly is inserted in a casing, etc. However, this will not matter if the fiber ends not opening into the face grooves do open into the internal bores. It is, of 18,277-F -10-llOOQ52 course, a simple matter to locate the bores in such manner as to ensure this. In order to ensure an adequate area of contact between the ungrooved portion of the tubesheet face and the supporting member against which it will bear, at least half of the fiber ends potted in the tubesheet should be opened by bores, rather than by face grooves. In order to open the potted fiber ends with a minimum number of bores and grooves, the axes of the bores should be parallel to each other and to the axes of the grooves. Also, the grooves and bores should be spaced in a regular, alternating pattern, as viewed from the grooved face. Preferably, not more than a third of the area of the face is grooved; that is, at least two thirds of the fiber ends are opened by the internal bores.
A simpler alternative is to dispense with collecting grooves altogether and to locate one or more permeate outlet conduits in the side of the casing to communicate with the annular space around the tubesheet which communicates with the bore ends. If this is done, the area of contact between the tubesheet and the member supporting it will be maximized. Also, in situations where the permeator must be fitted into a relatively short space, the lateral location of the permeate outlet conduit(s) may be advantageous.
Still another alternative is to utilize a peri-pheral surface of the tubesheet in order to drill bores, on a pluxality of diameters through the tubesheet and into a hollow axial core end (separated from the rest of the core by a suitable partition or plug) which is to be utilized for permeate egress. The bore openings at the 18,277-F
110aO52 exterior surface are closed by an encircling band or hoop of metal or resin-impregnated fabric which is cemented or otherwise fastened to the exterior surface (together with cooperating O-ring or other type seals). This is a more practical alternative than joining two half-assemblies which have been provided with bores from the interior of the core-halves. However, radial bores are less efficient in opening the fiber ends than are bores extending along chords and are therefore less preferred.
When a hollow fiber bundle which does not have any central void (such as a hollow core) is employed, the permeate necessarily must be collected at the ends of the bores opening on the peripheral surface from which they are drilled.
It will be recognized that various types of support means, of such design as not to hamper the egress of permeate from the bores, may be placed in the annular space between the tubesheet periphery and the casing.
However, this ordinarily will not be necessary. It will also be recognized that any of a variety of porous or foraminous support means may be placed within the bores.
Fiber bundle/tubesheet assemblies in which both ends of the bundle are potted in drilled tubesheets are, of course, within the ambit of the invention. Such assemblies may be utilized in the same manner as illus-trated in the embodiment of Figure 1 except that the permeate will be collected at both ends of the bundle and the concentrate will be discharged from outlet conduits provided in the side of the casing. Alternatively, the permeate (or ultrafiltrate) derived from the high pressure 18,277-F -12-~lO~QS2 fluid external to the fibers may be co-mingled with a different fluid fed to the fiber lumens at one tubesheet (under a substantially lower pressure) and discharged at the other tubesheet.
Permeability separation processes which may be carried out with permeator units comprising the fiber bundle/tubesheet assemblies of the invention are not limited to reverse osmosis or to other processes in which all fluid streams consist of liquids; gas/gas and gas/liquid separations are also advantageously carried out with such assemblies. Similarly, they may be employed for such purposes as combining, rather than separating, different fluids.
Another variation may be made in such tubesheet/-fiber bundle assemblies and in permeator units incorporating them in that permeate may be collected from (bores in) a different surface of a supported tubesheet than the face which must be in contact with the support.
The present invention accordingly provides a permeator and a method of supporting tubesheets, disposed at the ends of hollow fiber bundles, which does not inter-fere with the free flow of fluids into or out of the fiber lumens. The need for a porous supporting member between the tubesheet face and the casing end is eliminated.
The present invention also provides a method of support to which already-fabricated permeators, in which the tubesheets are supported only by annular rings or similar means, can readily be adapted.
18,277-F -13-
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A tubesheet assembly for a hollow fiber permeability separation apparatus, comprising a bundle of hollow fibers having at least one end potted in a shaped, solid resin body which constitutes said tubesheet, said tubesheet having a first face from which the unpotted portions of said fibers extend, and a second, opposed face, the portions of the fibers extending into said tubesheet terminating at or adjacent to said second face, said potted fiber portions being interrupted and opening into bores in the tubesheet for flow of permeate from the interrupted fibers into the bores, each of said bores extending to and opening upon a surface of the tubesheet other than said first and second faces, said assembly being disposed in a pressurizable casing and forming therewith permeate collecting means, feed fluid inlet and outlet means and permeate outlet means in said casing, and wherein the second face of said tubesheet is in contact with at least a major portion of an end member in said casing for supporting the tubesheet against the pressure exerted by said fluid on said first face.
2. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 1, wherein at least half but not all of the potted fiber ends are opened by said bores and all of the fiber ends not so opened are opened by grooves in said second face.
3. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 1, wherein said bores open on a peripheral surface of the tubesheet.
18,277-F
18,277-F
4. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 3, wherein the axes of said bores are parallel to one another and each of the bores opens at opposite ends on the peripheral surface.
5. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 1, which is generally cylindrical in shape and is disposed about a tubular core which extends from the second face of the tubesheet, along a central axis of the assembly, to the end of the bundle which is not potted in said tubesheet, an end section of said core surrounded by said tubesheet being contiguous therewith and being pierced by at least one of said bores.
6. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 5, wherein the section of said tubular core around which the unpotted portions of said fibers are disposed is provided with openings in its wall for flow of fluid therethrough, and the interior of the latter section is separated by a plug within said core from the section thereof which is pierced by said bore.
7. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 3, wherein said tubesheet is of a generally cylindrical shape, an end portion of said peripheral surface which is adjacent to said second face is smaller in diameter than a second end portion section adjacent to said first face.
8. The tubesheet assembly of Claim 7, wherein the second end portion of the tubesheet is grooved to receive an annular seal.
18,277-F
18,277-F
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/768,524 US4061574A (en) | 1977-02-14 | 1977-02-14 | Assembly of permeable hollow fibers and a tubesheet supportable at its face and opened by bores parallel thereto |
| US768,524 | 1985-08-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1100052A true CA1100052A (en) | 1981-04-28 |
Family
ID=25082743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA296,424A Expired CA1100052A (en) | 1977-02-14 | 1978-02-07 | Tubesheet used in reverse osmosis hollow fiber permeators |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4061574A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS53100176A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU509263B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1100052A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2806222C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2380051A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1558323A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1101781B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL170373C (en) |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4061574A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1977-12-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Assembly of permeable hollow fibers and a tubesheet supportable at its face and opened by bores parallel thereto |
| US4183283A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1980-01-15 | Monsanto Company | Methods of cutting patted hollow filaments |
| US4207192A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-06-10 | Albany International Corp. | Hollow filament separatory module and method of fabrication |
| US4210536A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-07-01 | Albany International Corp. | Hollow filament separatory module |
| SE447633B (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1986-12-01 | Albany Int Corp | PROCEDURE FOR SEPARATION AND MODULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCEDURE |
| US4631128A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1986-12-23 | Albany International Corporation | Permselective hollow fiber bundle |
| US4237596A (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1980-12-09 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Method of converting membrane separation units |
| US4323454A (en) * | 1980-01-03 | 1982-04-06 | Monsanto Company | Tube sheets for permeators |
| US4346388A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-08-24 | The Mead Corporation | Ink jet fluid supply system |
| US4341005A (en) * | 1980-11-06 | 1982-07-27 | Strimbeck, Davis & Soloway | Manufacture of hollow fiber fluid fractionating cells |
| US4668395A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1987-05-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Support for tubesheets in hollow fiber permeators |
| US4588631A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1986-05-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Support for tubesheets in hollow fiber permeators |
| US4690760A (en) * | 1984-08-02 | 1987-09-01 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Novel cartridge with stress relieving member |
| CA1258435A (en) * | 1984-08-02 | 1989-08-15 | Michael A. Smoot | Cartridge with stress relieving member |
| US4628584A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1986-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of removing fibers protruding into bores |
| US4666469A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1987-05-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Hollow fiber membrane device with inner wrap |
| US4622143A (en) * | 1985-07-02 | 1986-11-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Double-ended hollow fiber permeator |
| US4652373A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1987-03-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Tubesheet for spiral wound hollow fiber permeator |
| US4904327A (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1990-02-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of making a support for tubesheets in hollow fiber permeators |
| US4722128A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-02-02 | The Dow Chemical Company | Loading tool |
| US4705543A (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1987-11-10 | Perma Pure Products, Inc. | Fluid drying tube |
| US5064496A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1991-11-12 | Teijin Limited | Methods for collecting and loading yarns and apparatuses therefor |
| US4758341A (en) * | 1987-04-20 | 1988-07-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Membrane separation device |
| US4961760A (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1990-10-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Hollow fiber membrane fluid separation device adapted for boreside feed |
| US5013437A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Hollow fiber membrane fluid separation device adapted for boreside feed which contains multiple concentric stages |
| US5071552A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1991-12-10 | Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation | Multiple bundle fluid separation apparatus |
| DE69305742T2 (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1997-04-10 | Minntech Corp | HOLLOW FIBER FILTER CARTRIDGE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US5284584A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1994-02-08 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Hollow fiber membrane fabric - containing cartridges and modules having solvent-resistant thermoplastic tube sheets, and methods for making the same |
| US5837033A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-11-17 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Hollow fiber membrane separation apparatus |
| US6168649B1 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 2001-01-02 | Mg Generon, Inc. | Membrane for separation of xenon from oxygen and nitrogen and method of using same |
| AU2007298338B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2012-03-15 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Hollow fiber membrane module |
| WO2009109052A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-11 | Vaperma Inc. | Emission treatment process from natural gas dehydrators |
| US20090277826A1 (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-12 | Pedersen Steven K | Hollow fibre membrane module |
| US20090301970A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Gaetan Noel | Ethanol plant retrofit with vapour separation membranes |
| WO2012170933A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2012-12-13 | Benjamin Bikson | Hollow fiber apparatus and use thereof for fluids separations and heat and mass transfers |
| US9084962B2 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2015-07-21 | The Boeing Company | Fluid separation assembly and method |
| US9566553B2 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2017-02-14 | The Boeing Company | Fluid separation assembly and method |
| EP2717998B1 (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2020-09-23 | The Boeing Company | Fluid separation assembly and method |
| US9227160B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2016-01-05 | The Boeing Company | Gas separation modules and methods for forming |
| US9186629B2 (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-11-17 | Cameron Solutions, Inc. | Single end, shell-side feed, hollow fiber membrane separation module |
| CN111615421A (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-09-01 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Method for producing hollow fiber membrane device and use thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3422008A (en) * | 1963-10-24 | 1969-01-14 | Dow Chemical Co | Wound hollow fiber permeability apparatus and process of making the same |
| US3475331A (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1969-10-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Permeability separatory apparatus and process of making and using same |
| US3660281A (en) * | 1970-05-06 | 1972-05-02 | Du Pont | Permeation separation membranes |
| US3708071A (en) * | 1970-08-05 | 1973-01-02 | Abcor Inc | Hollow fiber membrane device and method of fabricating same |
| US3703962A (en) * | 1970-09-16 | 1972-11-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Secured plasticized acetylated cellulose hollow fiber membranes |
| US3690465A (en) * | 1970-10-15 | 1972-09-12 | Du Pont | Permeation separation element |
| BE793624A (en) * | 1972-01-10 | 1973-05-02 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | DEVICE FOR THE TRANSFER OF MASSES, PRESENTING A WOUND TUBULAR DIFFISION MEMBRANE |
| FR2214502B1 (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1976-05-14 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | |
| US4061574A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1977-12-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Assembly of permeable hollow fibers and a tubesheet supportable at its face and opened by bores parallel thereto |
-
1977
- 1977-02-14 US US05/768,524 patent/US4061574A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-02-01 AU AU32889/78A patent/AU509263B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-02-03 NL NLAANVRAGE7801300,A patent/NL170373C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-07 CA CA296,424A patent/CA1100052A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-10 IT IT48003/78A patent/IT1101781B/en active
- 1978-02-13 FR FR7804044A patent/FR2380051A1/en active Granted
- 1978-02-13 GB GB5587/78A patent/GB1558323A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-13 JP JP1529278A patent/JPS53100176A/en active Granted
- 1978-02-14 DE DE2806222A patent/DE2806222C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7848003A0 (en) | 1978-02-10 |
| NL170373B (en) | 1982-06-01 |
| DE2806222B2 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| GB1558323A (en) | 1979-12-19 |
| AU509263B2 (en) | 1980-05-01 |
| FR2380051B1 (en) | 1982-04-30 |
| NL7801300A (en) | 1978-08-16 |
| IT1101781B (en) | 1985-10-07 |
| US4061574A (en) | 1977-12-06 |
| AU3288978A (en) | 1979-08-09 |
| FR2380051A1 (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| NL170373C (en) | 1982-11-01 |
| JPS5542841B2 (en) | 1980-11-01 |
| DE2806222A1 (en) | 1978-08-17 |
| JPS53100176A (en) | 1978-09-01 |
| DE2806222C3 (en) | 1981-01-29 |
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