CA1152397A - Fluid discharged tube - Google Patents
Fluid discharged tubeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1152397A CA1152397A CA000373186A CA373186A CA1152397A CA 1152397 A CA1152397 A CA 1152397A CA 000373186 A CA000373186 A CA 000373186A CA 373186 A CA373186 A CA 373186A CA 1152397 A CA1152397 A CA 1152397A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- discharge tube
- fluid
- tube
- chamber
- plenum chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/16—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
- A61B3/165—Non-contacting tonometers
Abstract
S/mf IMPROVED FLUID DISCHARGED TUBE
Abstract of the Disclosure An improved fluid discharged tube having a portion thereof extending thereto a plenum chamber and a method for enhancing the con-sistency of repeated regulated fluid discharges is disclosed.
Abstract of the Disclosure An improved fluid discharged tube having a portion thereof extending thereto a plenum chamber and a method for enhancing the con-sistency of repeated regulated fluid discharges is disclosed.
Description
~L~5~3Y7 The present invention relates to devices for enhancing the repeatability of consistént regulated fluid discharges and, more particularly, to discharge tubes and method of enhancing the repeatability of regulated fluid discharges therefrom.
Both the prior art and the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side view in cross-section illustrating the structure of prior art devices having a discharge tube; and Fig. 2 is a side view in cross-section illustrating the structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Devices such as non-contacting tonometers are known to require consistently repeatable regulated fluid discharges.
Conventional non-contacting tonometers have a plenum chamber to receive an air pulse and a discharge tube connected to the plenum chamber for directing the air pulse toward an eyeballO
The objective carrying the discharge tube of the only commercial embodiment of such devices is shown in Fig. lo This objective has been used on commercial instruments since 1972 and has a fluid discharge tube which terminates at the junction of the tube and the objective shoulder~
Tonometer housing 1 has air passage 2 for delivering compressed aix to plenum chamber 3. Plenum chamber 3 comprises a bore having stepped cylindrical walls 4, 5 and 6 with the diameter of wall 4 being less than the diameter of wall 5 which, in turn, is less than the diameter of wall 6~ One end of the plenum chamber 3 is defined by window 7 which is cemented to surface 8 of housing 1. Wall 6 is defined by a portion of objective body 9. The other end of plenum chamber 3 mg/), - 2 -S23~7 ~:.
is defined by lens surface 10 of objective doublet 11.
Discharge tube 12 extends from the plane of shoulder 15 of lens retaining ring 16 through doublet ll and front lens 13 to direct an air pulse from plenum chamber 3 toward a patient's eye ~not shown). Interior wall 14 of discharge tube 12 is usually highly polished to a uniform diameter.
Prior Art U.S. Patents 3,756,073, issued September 4, 1973 and 3,832,890, issued September 3, 1974, have drawings illustrating non-contacting tonometers with a discharge tube which appears to extend into the plenum chamber. Both of these patents are assigned to the manufacturer of the only non-c~ntacting tonometer utilizing an objective as generally ; illustrated. However, the inven-tion of neither patent is directed toward the structure of the objective. The objective and discharge tube is only mentioned incidentally ', in describing the environment in which the respective inventions are intended to function.
Other patents directed to various aspects of non-contacting tonometers include:
. .
mg/,~ - 3 -, :
. .
J ~5~3~7 .
PATEMT NO. ISSUE DATE INVENTOR ~S) 3,181,351 5/4/65 N. ~. Staufer 3,232,099 2/1/66 C. D. Motchenbacher 3,246,507 4/19/66 W. L. Hyde 3,304,769 2/21/67 N. Lo Stauffer 3,538,754 11/10/70 B. Grolman et al 3,572,100 3/23/71 B. Grolman et al 3,585,849 6/22/71 B. Grolman While each of these patents utilized uses a regulated air pulse discharged through an opening and an objective or a tube and usually a plenum chamber, none of the art discusses the problem of providing consistently repeatable fluid pulses in such devices although -the need for consis-tent repeatability has always been a commercial requirement.
The prior art structure caused substantial manufacturing difficulty since it has been necessary to select a particular objective for each non-contacting tonometer by trial and error. Prior efforts to solve this problem were unsuccessful in spite of efforts to produce objectives with discharge tubes having exceedingly tight tolerances. Various modifications to the discharge tube such as tapering the end of internal wall of -the tube toward the exterior wall in the vicini-ty of the plenum chamber have also been tried with very limited success.
X
mg/~
: ' . ''' ` " '.. ' ' ' ~ :' . : . ~. ~ ' 52~7 Brief Description of the Present Invention and Drawings -Applicants have discovered that the consistency of repeated regulated discharges can be substantially enhanced and that objective units containing a discharge tube can have substantial interchangeability if the discharge tube length is increased to extend well into the plenum chamber. The portion of the tube extending into the chamber must be of sufficient length to disrupt wavefronts produced therein. The length of the tube portion extending into plenum chambers may vary considerably and may optimize for ! a given chamber size and shape without undue experimentation.
Specifically, the invention relates to a non-contacting tonometer including a plenum chamber, an objective means having a discharge tube,` means for delivering compressed air to the chamber, a portion of the discharge tube extending into the chamber, the portion being effective to disrupt wavefronts affecting the uniformity of repeated air pulses discharged through the discharge tube, wherein the objective means is interchangeable in other non-contacting tonometers.
In the commercial instrument, the preferred length of the tube por-tion extending into the plenum chamber is about 3/16 inches longer than the prior art tube. Consistency of the discharge is further enhanced by texturizing the interior wall of the discharge tube which is believed to create a turbulence p~eventing laminar air flow through the discharge tube.
The method of the present invention includes the steps of increasing the length of a discharge tube extending mg/`~ - 5 -"'; ~,' ' :
S23~7 into a plenum chamher and roughening the interior wall thereof to efEect enhanced consistency of fluid discharges-therethrough.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Fig. 2, similar components have the .same numerical identification as the components of Fig. 1.
Discharge tube 12 has its length increasea by portion 17 to extend past shoulder 10 into plenum chamber 3. In the preferred embodiment, portion 17 is nearly 40% of the total length o~ discharge tube 12. One discharge tube 12 found to be particularly satisfactory has a total length (including portion 17) of 1.075", an inside diameter of 0.095" with a wall thickness of about 0.0125".
To further enhance the consistency of the air pulse discharges through discharge tube 12, interior wall 14 should .
be texturized. For example, the preferred embodiment described above was texturized by sand blasting using silicon carbide having a 50 micron particle size ejected through a 0.031 diamater nozzle at 90 PSI.
To demonstrate the improved performance of discharge tubes according to the present invention, a comparison test was run using seven production non-contacting tonometers commercially available under Catalog No. 12415 from American Optical Corporation. Five objectives fitted with prior art discharge tubes with an overall length of 0.654", and I.D. o~
0.095" as illustrated in Fig. 1 were tested in each of the instruments. Six objectives each having discharge tubes with the dimensions of the preferred embodiment noted above were also tested in each of the seven instruments mg/)Q - 6 -, ~5~3~7 using a test fix-ture for providing standard low, medium, and high readings . on a tonometer; fifteen readings were taken with each objective on each instrument (five low, five medium, and five high). Table 1 reports the results of -the mean of standard deviations and the standard deviation of mea.ns for each group of readings.
T~BLE I
, Instrumen-t Mean of Standard Standard Deviation .. . Deviations of Means Prior Present Prior Present ~ 10 Art Invention _ Art Invention .~ Low 0.70 .50 .26 ~ .28 ;~ XX XXXXl Medium .88 .44 .26 .21 High 1.30 82 _ 56 42 Low. .63 .39 .30 .20 XX XXXX2 Medium .88 .51 .36 .10 High 1 67 98 .77 .29 ~ _ Low .82 .7C .21 .38 XX XXXX3 Medium 1.09 .58 o15 .38 High 1.34 1.11 .64 .31 _ Low ,76 .40 .29 .30 XX XXXX4 Medium 1.14 .43 .30 .50 ;~ High 1.73 .79 2.79 .80 _ _ ~ Low .71 .39 .26 .15 .. XX XXXX5 Medium 1.20 .73 .22 .15 High 1.43 1.00 _19 34 , Low .69 .53 .36 .30 XX XXXX6 Medium .84 .59 .64 .36 lligh 1.91 1.18 4.60 .59 _ _ _ Low .76 .35 .22 .14 XX XXXX7 Medium .92 .59 .18 .27 High _ _1.07 71 _48 60 mg/:. - 7 -X
.
-. .: , : ' ~ . ,
Both the prior art and the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side view in cross-section illustrating the structure of prior art devices having a discharge tube; and Fig. 2 is a side view in cross-section illustrating the structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Devices such as non-contacting tonometers are known to require consistently repeatable regulated fluid discharges.
Conventional non-contacting tonometers have a plenum chamber to receive an air pulse and a discharge tube connected to the plenum chamber for directing the air pulse toward an eyeballO
The objective carrying the discharge tube of the only commercial embodiment of such devices is shown in Fig. lo This objective has been used on commercial instruments since 1972 and has a fluid discharge tube which terminates at the junction of the tube and the objective shoulder~
Tonometer housing 1 has air passage 2 for delivering compressed aix to plenum chamber 3. Plenum chamber 3 comprises a bore having stepped cylindrical walls 4, 5 and 6 with the diameter of wall 4 being less than the diameter of wall 5 which, in turn, is less than the diameter of wall 6~ One end of the plenum chamber 3 is defined by window 7 which is cemented to surface 8 of housing 1. Wall 6 is defined by a portion of objective body 9. The other end of plenum chamber 3 mg/), - 2 -S23~7 ~:.
is defined by lens surface 10 of objective doublet 11.
Discharge tube 12 extends from the plane of shoulder 15 of lens retaining ring 16 through doublet ll and front lens 13 to direct an air pulse from plenum chamber 3 toward a patient's eye ~not shown). Interior wall 14 of discharge tube 12 is usually highly polished to a uniform diameter.
Prior Art U.S. Patents 3,756,073, issued September 4, 1973 and 3,832,890, issued September 3, 1974, have drawings illustrating non-contacting tonometers with a discharge tube which appears to extend into the plenum chamber. Both of these patents are assigned to the manufacturer of the only non-c~ntacting tonometer utilizing an objective as generally ; illustrated. However, the inven-tion of neither patent is directed toward the structure of the objective. The objective and discharge tube is only mentioned incidentally ', in describing the environment in which the respective inventions are intended to function.
Other patents directed to various aspects of non-contacting tonometers include:
. .
mg/,~ - 3 -, :
. .
J ~5~3~7 .
PATEMT NO. ISSUE DATE INVENTOR ~S) 3,181,351 5/4/65 N. ~. Staufer 3,232,099 2/1/66 C. D. Motchenbacher 3,246,507 4/19/66 W. L. Hyde 3,304,769 2/21/67 N. Lo Stauffer 3,538,754 11/10/70 B. Grolman et al 3,572,100 3/23/71 B. Grolman et al 3,585,849 6/22/71 B. Grolman While each of these patents utilized uses a regulated air pulse discharged through an opening and an objective or a tube and usually a plenum chamber, none of the art discusses the problem of providing consistently repeatable fluid pulses in such devices although -the need for consis-tent repeatability has always been a commercial requirement.
The prior art structure caused substantial manufacturing difficulty since it has been necessary to select a particular objective for each non-contacting tonometer by trial and error. Prior efforts to solve this problem were unsuccessful in spite of efforts to produce objectives with discharge tubes having exceedingly tight tolerances. Various modifications to the discharge tube such as tapering the end of internal wall of -the tube toward the exterior wall in the vicini-ty of the plenum chamber have also been tried with very limited success.
X
mg/~
: ' . ''' ` " '.. ' ' ' ~ :' . : . ~. ~ ' 52~7 Brief Description of the Present Invention and Drawings -Applicants have discovered that the consistency of repeated regulated discharges can be substantially enhanced and that objective units containing a discharge tube can have substantial interchangeability if the discharge tube length is increased to extend well into the plenum chamber. The portion of the tube extending into the chamber must be of sufficient length to disrupt wavefronts produced therein. The length of the tube portion extending into plenum chambers may vary considerably and may optimize for ! a given chamber size and shape without undue experimentation.
Specifically, the invention relates to a non-contacting tonometer including a plenum chamber, an objective means having a discharge tube,` means for delivering compressed air to the chamber, a portion of the discharge tube extending into the chamber, the portion being effective to disrupt wavefronts affecting the uniformity of repeated air pulses discharged through the discharge tube, wherein the objective means is interchangeable in other non-contacting tonometers.
In the commercial instrument, the preferred length of the tube por-tion extending into the plenum chamber is about 3/16 inches longer than the prior art tube. Consistency of the discharge is further enhanced by texturizing the interior wall of the discharge tube which is believed to create a turbulence p~eventing laminar air flow through the discharge tube.
The method of the present invention includes the steps of increasing the length of a discharge tube extending mg/`~ - 5 -"'; ~,' ' :
S23~7 into a plenum chamher and roughening the interior wall thereof to efEect enhanced consistency of fluid discharges-therethrough.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Fig. 2, similar components have the .same numerical identification as the components of Fig. 1.
Discharge tube 12 has its length increasea by portion 17 to extend past shoulder 10 into plenum chamber 3. In the preferred embodiment, portion 17 is nearly 40% of the total length o~ discharge tube 12. One discharge tube 12 found to be particularly satisfactory has a total length (including portion 17) of 1.075", an inside diameter of 0.095" with a wall thickness of about 0.0125".
To further enhance the consistency of the air pulse discharges through discharge tube 12, interior wall 14 should .
be texturized. For example, the preferred embodiment described above was texturized by sand blasting using silicon carbide having a 50 micron particle size ejected through a 0.031 diamater nozzle at 90 PSI.
To demonstrate the improved performance of discharge tubes according to the present invention, a comparison test was run using seven production non-contacting tonometers commercially available under Catalog No. 12415 from American Optical Corporation. Five objectives fitted with prior art discharge tubes with an overall length of 0.654", and I.D. o~
0.095" as illustrated in Fig. 1 were tested in each of the instruments. Six objectives each having discharge tubes with the dimensions of the preferred embodiment noted above were also tested in each of the seven instruments mg/)Q - 6 -, ~5~3~7 using a test fix-ture for providing standard low, medium, and high readings . on a tonometer; fifteen readings were taken with each objective on each instrument (five low, five medium, and five high). Table 1 reports the results of -the mean of standard deviations and the standard deviation of mea.ns for each group of readings.
T~BLE I
, Instrumen-t Mean of Standard Standard Deviation .. . Deviations of Means Prior Present Prior Present ~ 10 Art Invention _ Art Invention .~ Low 0.70 .50 .26 ~ .28 ;~ XX XXXXl Medium .88 .44 .26 .21 High 1.30 82 _ 56 42 Low. .63 .39 .30 .20 XX XXXX2 Medium .88 .51 .36 .10 High 1 67 98 .77 .29 ~ _ Low .82 .7C .21 .38 XX XXXX3 Medium 1.09 .58 o15 .38 High 1.34 1.11 .64 .31 _ Low ,76 .40 .29 .30 XX XXXX4 Medium 1.14 .43 .30 .50 ;~ High 1.73 .79 2.79 .80 _ _ ~ Low .71 .39 .26 .15 .. XX XXXX5 Medium 1.20 .73 .22 .15 High 1.43 1.00 _19 34 , Low .69 .53 .36 .30 XX XXXX6 Medium .84 .59 .64 .36 lligh 1.91 1.18 4.60 .59 _ _ _ Low .76 .35 .22 .14 XX XXXX7 Medium .92 .59 .18 .27 High _ _1.07 71 _48 60 mg/:. - 7 -X
.
-. .: , : ' ~ . ,
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A non-contacting tonometer including a plenum chamber, an objective means having a discharge tube, means for delivering compressed air to the chamber, a portion of said discharge tube extending into said chamber, said portion being effective to disrupt wavefronts affecting the uniformity of repeated air pulses discharged through said discharge tube, wherein said objective means is interchangeable in other non-contacting tonometers.
2. The device according to Claim 1 wherein said tube has an inner wall uniformly textured to a depth effective to prevent laminar fluid flow through said tube.
3. A method of enhancing the consistency of repeated, regulated, fluid discharges from a discharge tube protruding from a plenum chamber which comprises the steps of increasing the length of the discharge tube to extend the discharge tube into the plenum chamber a length effective to disrupt fluid wavefronts formed in the chamber and roughening the interior of the discharge tube an amount effective to prevent laminar fluid flow during fluid discharge.
4. The method of Claim 3 wherein the length is increased about 65%.
5. The method of Claim 3 wherein the interior is roughened by silicon carbide carried in a fluid stream.
6. The method of Claim 5 wherein the fluid is air and the silicon carbide has an average particle size of 50 microns.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US155,283 | 1980-06-02 | ||
| US06/155,283 US4386611A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1980-06-02 | Tonometer with improved fluid discharged tube |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1152397A true CA1152397A (en) | 1983-08-23 |
Family
ID=22554796
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000373186A Expired CA1152397A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1981-03-17 | Fluid discharged tube |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4386611A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS579432A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1152397A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3121493A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2489439A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2076986B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK94784A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8626601D0 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1986-12-10 | Pa Consulting Services | Testing apparatus |
| US4883056A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-11-28 | Ocular Blood Flow Laboratories, Inc. | Pneumatic pressure probe |
| US5810005A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1998-09-22 | Dublin, Jr.; Wilbur L. | Apparatus and method for monitoring intraocular and blood pressure by non-contact contour measurement |
| US6206694B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2001-03-27 | Crystalmark Dental Systems, Inc. | Handpiece assembly for air abrasion |
| US7241272B2 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2007-07-10 | Baxter International Inc. | Method and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
| EP2273995B2 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2023-11-15 | Baxter International Inc. | Destruction of microbial products by enzymatic digestion |
| US8613704B2 (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-12-24 | Reichert, Inc. | Subsystems and methods for non-contact corneal deformation |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US22574A (en) * | 1859-01-11 | Albert ostrander | ||
| US71756A (en) * | 1867-12-03 | Improvement in nozzles for fire-engines | ||
| US1886623A (en) * | 1931-07-22 | 1932-11-08 | Swartzbaugh Mfg Company | Liquid dispensing apparatus |
| US2498596A (en) * | 1946-07-03 | 1950-02-21 | Associated Dev & Res Corp | Tire inflation device |
| NL157104B (en) * | 1949-11-09 | Tokyo Keiki Tokyo Keiki Co Kk | GYRO COMPASS. | |
| US2729505A (en) * | 1951-04-05 | 1956-01-03 | Salmon C Harvey | Lather foam dispenser |
| US2723882A (en) * | 1954-02-11 | 1955-11-15 | Philip L Barnett | Spraying apparatus for corrosive materials |
| US3117726A (en) * | 1960-01-05 | 1964-01-14 | Schoberg Borje Lennart | Detachable apparatus for cleaning hollows by blowing |
| FR1294177A (en) * | 1961-04-10 | 1962-05-26 | Electrochimie Soc | Spray device |
| US3181351A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1965-05-04 | Honeywell Inc | Non-contacting tonometer |
| US3232099A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1966-02-01 | Honeywell Inc | Measuring apparatus |
| US3246507A (en) * | 1963-04-05 | 1966-04-19 | American Optical Corp | Method and apparatus for measuring intra-ocular pressure |
| US3304769A (en) * | 1964-05-29 | 1967-02-21 | Honeywell Inc | Air puff tonometer |
| US3585849A (en) * | 1968-10-09 | 1971-06-22 | American Optical Corp | Method and apparatus for measuring intraocular pressure |
| US3538754A (en) * | 1969-01-15 | 1970-11-10 | American Optical Corp | Method for measuring intraocular pressure |
| US3628526A (en) * | 1969-04-14 | 1971-12-21 | Du Pont | Physiologic fluid pressure sensor head |
| US3572100A (en) * | 1969-05-28 | 1971-03-23 | American Optical Corp | Synchronizer for a tonometer |
| US3756073A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-09-04 | American Optical Corp | Non-contact tonometer |
| US3832890A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1974-09-03 | American Optical Corp | Non-contact tonometer corneal monitoring system |
| US3984054A (en) * | 1974-08-26 | 1976-10-05 | Barry Wright Corporation | Nozzle |
| JPS5438437A (en) * | 1977-08-30 | 1979-03-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Engine exhaust gas recycle controller |
-
1980
- 1980-06-02 US US06/155,283 patent/US4386611A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-03-17 CA CA000373186A patent/CA1152397A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-30 GB GB8109875A patent/GB2076986B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-22 JP JP5988881A patent/JPS579432A/en active Granted
- 1981-05-25 FR FR8110323A patent/FR2489439A1/en active Granted
- 1981-05-29 DE DE19813121493 patent/DE3121493A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-11-29 HK HK947/84A patent/HK94784A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2076986A (en) | 1981-12-09 |
| JPS579432A (en) | 1982-01-18 |
| US4386611A (en) | 1983-06-07 |
| GB2076986B (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| FR2489439A1 (en) | 1982-03-05 |
| HK94784A (en) | 1984-12-07 |
| JPH0130493B2 (en) | 1989-06-20 |
| FR2489439B1 (en) | 1984-12-28 |
| DE3121493A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |