CA1176340A - Glass container sidewall defect detection system - Google Patents
Glass container sidewall defect detection systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1176340A CA1176340A CA000387462A CA387462A CA1176340A CA 1176340 A CA1176340 A CA 1176340A CA 000387462 A CA000387462 A CA 000387462A CA 387462 A CA387462 A CA 387462A CA 1176340 A CA1176340 A CA 1176340A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- container
- containers
- hub
- rollers
- arms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
- B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
- B07C5/122—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for for bottles, ampoules, jars and other glassware
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N2033/0078—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 testing material properties on manufactured objects
- G01N2033/0081—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 testing material properties on manufactured objects containers; packages; bottles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
- G01N21/9045—Inspection of ornamented or stippled container walls
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Apparatus for handling glass containers in spaced apart series into an inspection position in front of an illu-minating device with an uninterrupted view of the container from the side thereof opposite the illuminating device, the container being rotated while the container is so positioned, comprises a generally cylindrical hub having a horizontally extending periphery which is at a height greater than the height of a container to be inspected. The hub is indexed about its vertical axis and spaced-apart, downwardly extending arms con-nected to the periphery of the hub have a length sufficient to extend below the center of gravity of the container posi-tioned adjacent thereto. Container-engaging rollers are mounted on the arms at two vertically spaced points, the uppermost rollers being at the finish of the container and a peripherally spaced guide rail system extends around the hub and engages the containers to maintain them in contact with the rollers.
At one of the inspection stations, the finish of the container is engaged for rotating the container about its central vertical axis.
Apparatus for handling glass containers in spaced apart series into an inspection position in front of an illu-minating device with an uninterrupted view of the container from the side thereof opposite the illuminating device, the container being rotated while the container is so positioned, comprises a generally cylindrical hub having a horizontally extending periphery which is at a height greater than the height of a container to be inspected. The hub is indexed about its vertical axis and spaced-apart, downwardly extending arms con-nected to the periphery of the hub have a length sufficient to extend below the center of gravity of the container posi-tioned adjacent thereto. Container-engaging rollers are mounted on the arms at two vertically spaced points, the uppermost rollers being at the finish of the container and a peripherally spaced guide rail system extends around the hub and engages the containers to maintain them in contact with the rollers.
At one of the inspection stations, the finish of the container is engaged for rotating the container about its central vertical axis.
Description
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In the operation of apparatus for the inspection of glass containers, it is assumed that automatic inspection may be made better than manual or visual inspection by operators.
This invention relates to an apparatus for inspecting glassware and in particular to apparatus for inspecting the sidewall of hollow glass containers for defects which are of an optically distinguishable character. ~s might be expected, in the manu-facture of blown hollow glass containers it sometimes happens that the sidewall of the cont.ainer, that is that portion of the container below the finish or neck of the bottle and above the curved heel and bottom of the bottle, has defects which .
would affect the performance of the container in service. It is important that every blown glass container have its side-wall, among other portions of the container, inspec`ted for defects and it would be a great advantage if these containers could be inspected at high speeds with a high degree of reli-ability so that when a container passes the inspection, it would ~e positively free of defects in the sidewall thereof.
In the past, there have been inspection devices which would inspect containers for defects in the finish portion such as "line-over-finishes", "checks" (both vertical and horizontal), "seeds" and "blisters". Furt:her, there have.been bottom and heel check detectors which oE)erate on the principle of optical reflectance or refraction. Furthermore, there have been in-spection devices which inspected the containers to ensure thattheir height is correct, that: the finish of the bottle is free of "dips and warps" and that the finish of the container not .~
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be cocked or out of a]ignmenl with the general central vertical axis of the container. Such an inspection apparatus may be found by reference to U.S. Patent 3,313,409 issued to J.R.
Johnson and assigned to the Assignee of the present application.
A reading of this patent will indicate that there are four inspection stations in the inspection device which are labeled II, III, IV and `J. While the present disclosure is directed specifically to the inspection of the sidewall area Qf a glass container, the invention should be considered in its broader sense as a system for inspecting at any one of the stations as depicted in the above-referred-to Johnson patent.
The present invention provides apparatus for handling glass containers in spaced apart series into an inspection posi-tion in front of an illuminating means with an uninterrupted view of the container from the side thereof opposite the il-luminating means and with means to rotate the container while the container is so positioned which comprises a generally cy-lindrical hub, the hub having a horizontally extending peri-phery which is at a height greater than the he~ght of a con-tainer to be inspected; means connected to the hub for indexingthe hub about its vertical axis; a plurality of spaced-apart, downwardly extending arms connected to the periphery of the hub, the arms being of a length sufficient to e~tend below the center of gravity of a container positioned adjacent thereto;
container-engaging rollers mounted on the arms at, at least two vertically spaced points, the uppermost rollers being located at the finish of the container and the lowermost rollers ?
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being located below the center of gravity of the container with each arm supporting rollers that are in engagement with the two adjacent containers; a peripherally spaced guide rail sys-tem extending around the hub adapted to engage containers and maintain them in contact with. the rollers; and means at one of the inspection stations for engaging the finish of the con-tainer at said station for rotating the container positioned thereat about its central vertical axis.
In the present disclosure, only one station of one embodiment of an inspection machine according to the invention is disclosed in detail, inasmuch as this is the station in which the containers are to be inspected for sidewall defects by the system of the invention. Whi.le the above-mentioned Johnson patent is dealing with what would appear to be fairly small size containers, the general principle of operation of the de-vice is one which would readlly lend itself to the handling of a plurality of larger si~e containers through a series of inspection stations by havinq the ware brought to the machine with the turret or head then being indexed through approxi-mately a 45 angle of rotation. This indexing motion carriesthe containers in the embodiment of the present invention described hereinafter through five inspection positions with a first position in advance of the first inspection station being in alignment with a conveyor that brings the bottles into the machine followed by five inspection positions and then followed by an exit position.. Intermediate the exit position and the entrance position is what is termed a "reject position"
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or zone where bottles which have been sensed as defective by the apparatus, are retained in the apparatus so as to be cleared from the apparatus turret at this intermediate posi-tion. At this position, a cullet bin or other defective con-tainer disposal chute may be positioned. Frequently, thesebottles which are rejected are returned, by a suitable con-veying system, to the forming area where the forming operator may examine the container and in this way determine what might be an appropriate change to the process or to the machinery being used to correct any ongoing or long-term defect which is being produced. As in many manufacturing processes, de-fects sometimes crop up without any apparent reason, while in other instances a defect may appear and continue to appear through a period of production. These types of recurring de-fects are those which the present invention is most capableof determining and alerting t]e operators to the situation.
Furthermore, any glass container which is made with any kind of a structural defect which might affect its performance in the marketplace is gauged, inspected and discarded when such a defect is detected, no matter for what reason the defect may have been produced.
It will be noted that the starwheel or indexing mechanlsm head of the prior art shown in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent 3,313,409 consist, generally of a pair of flat plates having notches formed in the periphery thereof within which containers to be inspec ed are serially placed. The present starwheel is considerably modified and improved for _ a, --~.1'7~
the purpose of handling containers in such a manner that they may be successfully inspected by illumination of the sidewall of the container to its full height. This is something which has not been easily achievable in prior devices where multiple inspections are being made. It has also been the practice in the past to move containers down a conveyor and, in effect, use a pair of TV cameras looking at the bottle at two angles in an effort to determine whether or not a container is of an acceptable appearance or shape. One serious drawback with such a device has been the inability to completely examine 360 of the container sidewall without distortion being injected into the system due to the fact that the edges of the container produce optical refractance and reflectance aberrations in the images viewed by the cameras.
With the foregoing in view, it is an object of the present in~ention to provide apparatus which is capable of moving glass containers through a series of inspection posi-tions where various types of inspection may be carried out, with one of the positions preferably being the location of a novel optical sidewall inspection device. Such sidewall in-spection device may comprise a source of illumination which will cover substantially the full height of the container and illuminate a vertical section of the sidewall from behind.
Further, the source of illumination is preferably variable in its intensity to provide greater illumination for containers that are formed of colored glass such as "amber", and to vary the intensity of the light at selected areas of the bottle de-) pending on -the shapes thereof. In addition, the source may comprise a plurality of individual lamps with means connected thereto for indicating when any lamp is burned out.
The illuminated siclewall may be viewed by a camera that is mounted outboard of the handling system. The camera is preferably composed of a linear array of photosensitive devices onto which the illuminated image of the sidewall section is focused, with the array being scanned electronically and with the outputs being processed by microprocessor.
The present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing-s, in which:-Fig. 1 is a top plan view of an apparatus embodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the inspection of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 3 is a cross-,ectional view taken at line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a side eLevational view of a portion of
In the operation of apparatus for the inspection of glass containers, it is assumed that automatic inspection may be made better than manual or visual inspection by operators.
This invention relates to an apparatus for inspecting glassware and in particular to apparatus for inspecting the sidewall of hollow glass containers for defects which are of an optically distinguishable character. ~s might be expected, in the manu-facture of blown hollow glass containers it sometimes happens that the sidewall of the cont.ainer, that is that portion of the container below the finish or neck of the bottle and above the curved heel and bottom of the bottle, has defects which .
would affect the performance of the container in service. It is important that every blown glass container have its side-wall, among other portions of the container, inspec`ted for defects and it would be a great advantage if these containers could be inspected at high speeds with a high degree of reli-ability so that when a container passes the inspection, it would ~e positively free of defects in the sidewall thereof.
In the past, there have been inspection devices which would inspect containers for defects in the finish portion such as "line-over-finishes", "checks" (both vertical and horizontal), "seeds" and "blisters". Furt:her, there have.been bottom and heel check detectors which oE)erate on the principle of optical reflectance or refraction. Furthermore, there have been in-spection devices which inspected the containers to ensure thattheir height is correct, that: the finish of the bottle is free of "dips and warps" and that the finish of the container not .~
3~
be cocked or out of a]ignmenl with the general central vertical axis of the container. Such an inspection apparatus may be found by reference to U.S. Patent 3,313,409 issued to J.R.
Johnson and assigned to the Assignee of the present application.
A reading of this patent will indicate that there are four inspection stations in the inspection device which are labeled II, III, IV and `J. While the present disclosure is directed specifically to the inspection of the sidewall area Qf a glass container, the invention should be considered in its broader sense as a system for inspecting at any one of the stations as depicted in the above-referred-to Johnson patent.
The present invention provides apparatus for handling glass containers in spaced apart series into an inspection posi-tion in front of an illuminating means with an uninterrupted view of the container from the side thereof opposite the il-luminating means and with means to rotate the container while the container is so positioned which comprises a generally cy-lindrical hub, the hub having a horizontally extending peri-phery which is at a height greater than the he~ght of a con-tainer to be inspected; means connected to the hub for indexingthe hub about its vertical axis; a plurality of spaced-apart, downwardly extending arms connected to the periphery of the hub, the arms being of a length sufficient to e~tend below the center of gravity of a container positioned adjacent thereto;
container-engaging rollers mounted on the arms at, at least two vertically spaced points, the uppermost rollers being located at the finish of the container and the lowermost rollers ?
~63~
being located below the center of gravity of the container with each arm supporting rollers that are in engagement with the two adjacent containers; a peripherally spaced guide rail sys-tem extending around the hub adapted to engage containers and maintain them in contact with. the rollers; and means at one of the inspection stations for engaging the finish of the con-tainer at said station for rotating the container positioned thereat about its central vertical axis.
In the present disclosure, only one station of one embodiment of an inspection machine according to the invention is disclosed in detail, inasmuch as this is the station in which the containers are to be inspected for sidewall defects by the system of the invention. Whi.le the above-mentioned Johnson patent is dealing with what would appear to be fairly small size containers, the general principle of operation of the de-vice is one which would readlly lend itself to the handling of a plurality of larger si~e containers through a series of inspection stations by havinq the ware brought to the machine with the turret or head then being indexed through approxi-mately a 45 angle of rotation. This indexing motion carriesthe containers in the embodiment of the present invention described hereinafter through five inspection positions with a first position in advance of the first inspection station being in alignment with a conveyor that brings the bottles into the machine followed by five inspection positions and then followed by an exit position.. Intermediate the exit position and the entrance position is what is termed a "reject position"
~, :
~.~'7~
or zone where bottles which have been sensed as defective by the apparatus, are retained in the apparatus so as to be cleared from the apparatus turret at this intermediate posi-tion. At this position, a cullet bin or other defective con-tainer disposal chute may be positioned. Frequently, thesebottles which are rejected are returned, by a suitable con-veying system, to the forming area where the forming operator may examine the container and in this way determine what might be an appropriate change to the process or to the machinery being used to correct any ongoing or long-term defect which is being produced. As in many manufacturing processes, de-fects sometimes crop up without any apparent reason, while in other instances a defect may appear and continue to appear through a period of production. These types of recurring de-fects are those which the present invention is most capableof determining and alerting t]e operators to the situation.
Furthermore, any glass container which is made with any kind of a structural defect which might affect its performance in the marketplace is gauged, inspected and discarded when such a defect is detected, no matter for what reason the defect may have been produced.
It will be noted that the starwheel or indexing mechanlsm head of the prior art shown in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent 3,313,409 consist, generally of a pair of flat plates having notches formed in the periphery thereof within which containers to be inspec ed are serially placed. The present starwheel is considerably modified and improved for _ a, --~.1'7~
the purpose of handling containers in such a manner that they may be successfully inspected by illumination of the sidewall of the container to its full height. This is something which has not been easily achievable in prior devices where multiple inspections are being made. It has also been the practice in the past to move containers down a conveyor and, in effect, use a pair of TV cameras looking at the bottle at two angles in an effort to determine whether or not a container is of an acceptable appearance or shape. One serious drawback with such a device has been the inability to completely examine 360 of the container sidewall without distortion being injected into the system due to the fact that the edges of the container produce optical refractance and reflectance aberrations in the images viewed by the cameras.
With the foregoing in view, it is an object of the present in~ention to provide apparatus which is capable of moving glass containers through a series of inspection posi-tions where various types of inspection may be carried out, with one of the positions preferably being the location of a novel optical sidewall inspection device. Such sidewall in-spection device may comprise a source of illumination which will cover substantially the full height of the container and illuminate a vertical section of the sidewall from behind.
Further, the source of illumination is preferably variable in its intensity to provide greater illumination for containers that are formed of colored glass such as "amber", and to vary the intensity of the light at selected areas of the bottle de-) pending on -the shapes thereof. In addition, the source may comprise a plurality of individual lamps with means connected thereto for indicating when any lamp is burned out.
The illuminated siclewall may be viewed by a camera that is mounted outboard of the handling system. The camera is preferably composed of a linear array of photosensitive devices onto which the illuminated image of the sidewall section is focused, with the array being scanned electronically and with the outputs being processed by microprocessor.
The present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing-s, in which:-Fig. 1 is a top plan view of an apparatus embodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the inspection of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 3 is a cross-,ectional view taken at line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a side eLevational view of a portion of
2~ the container supporting hub of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a view taken at line 5-5 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the camera and support of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 7-7 of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a side elevational view taken at 8-8 of Fig. 7;
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Fig. 9 is a plan view of the exit station of the ap-paratus of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 10 is an enlarged view, par-tly in section, of the ejector actuator shown in Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram for the il-luminating means of the in~ention; and Fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram for an alter-native embodiment of the illuminating means of the invention.
GENERAL BOTTLE_H~NDLING
With particular attention to Fig. 1, there is shown, in plan view, a bottle inspection system for handling contain-ers through a series of potential inspection positions and for determining the optical characteristics of the sidewall region of glass containers specifically at one position. Generally, the apparatus of Fig. 1 and the inspection system thereof is of a similar character to that described in U.S. Patent No.
Fig. 5 is a view taken at line 5-5 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the camera and support of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 7-7 of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a side elevational view taken at 8-8 of Fig. 7;
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Fig. 9 is a plan view of the exit station of the ap-paratus of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 10 is an enlarged view, par-tly in section, of the ejector actuator shown in Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram for the il-luminating means of the in~ention; and Fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram for an alter-native embodiment of the illuminating means of the invention.
GENERAL BOTTLE_H~NDLING
With particular attention to Fig. 1, there is shown, in plan view, a bottle inspection system for handling contain-ers through a series of potential inspection positions and for determining the optical characteristics of the sidewall region of glass containers specifically at one position. Generally, the apparatus of Fig. 1 and the inspection system thereof is of a similar character to that described in U.S. Patent No.
3,313,409, and consists of a starwheel, generally designated 10, in Figs. 1-3. The starwheel 10, in effect, is formed of a generally cylindrical hub 11 having a radially outwardly, extending portion 12 to which are integrally formed downwardly extending arms 13 at spaced intervals about the periphery of the horizontally extending portion 12 of the hub 11. The down-wardly extending arms 13, adjacent their lowermost portion, are provided with horizontally extending ledges 1~ which extend outwardly to a radial extent at which point there is connected a downwardly extending arm extension 15. The downwardly ex tending extension 15 in turn has an inwardly extending hori-zontal ledge 16 formed thereto. The two ledges 14 and 16, along ,~ .
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with the extension 15, in efi-ec-t form a recess in the arm 13.
The inwardly extending ledges 16 on the arms 13, of which there are 8 in the present apparatus, serve as mounts for plates 17 which are attached to the lower surface thereof. Each plate 17 extends horizontally outward from the sides of the ledge 16 to which it is attached and each plate carries a pair of bottle-engaging rollers 18, as best shown in Fig. 5. The arms 13 extend downwardly to such an extent that the lower ends thereof are below the center of gravity of the bottles or con-tainers being handled. The rollers 1~ which engage the bottlestherefore engage the bottles below the center of gravity thereof.
The downwardly extending arms 13 are provided with a vertically elongated slot 19 therein, the slot 19 serving as an adjustable mounting means for bifurcated plates 20. The plates 20 actually extend between adjacent arms 13. Each arm is provided with an angle bracket 21 whil~h may be adjustably clamped to the arm 13 by suitable fasteners such as bolt 22 as shown in Fig. 4. The bolt 22 will extend through the vertical slot 19 and have a nut or other suitable threaded member on its op-posite end. Loosening of th~ bolt 22 would permit verticaladjustment of the bracket 21 relative to the arm 13.
As previously stated, the bracket 21 serves as a mounting platform for the biEurcated plates 20. It should be understood that each plate 2~ is connected to a bracket 21 car-ried by adjacent arms. The ~ounting of the plate 20 to thebracket 21 may be by way of bolts 23, as shown in Fig. Z. Each plate 20 carries a pair of rollers 24. The rollers 24 are adapted to engage the "finish" or threaded neck portion of a glass ;~ ,5 . .
3~ 1 it !¦ container 25. The container 25 is shown in phantom line in ¦i FI~S. ~ and 4 and in full line in FIGS. 1 and 2. It should be ~- pointed out that the plates 20 have a cut~out portion in the ~ center thereof when looking in plan view with the forward 5 ~ portion, designated 26, being of a size such that the neck of ¦ a bottle will fit in the~gap formed thereby, while the cut-out ¦ portion closest to the hub 11 is cut out to a greater degree and g~eater height for the purpose of permitting illumination of the ¦ bottle as will be later explained. Toward the rear portion of lQ j the cut-out 26 are mounted the two neck-engaging rollers 24. As ¦ can be seen in FIG. 2, the rollers 24 are equidistant from a plane passing through the center of the con~ainer positioned at the station shown in FIG. 2.
The hub 11 of the starwheel 10 is connected to a circular plate 27 by bolts 28. The circular pate 21 in turn is ¦ fastened to the upper end of a drive shaft 29. The drive shaft 29 is connected to a suitable indexing drive which will turn the drive shaft and the hub or starwheel connected thereto through a 45 angle of rotation during each indexing movement thereof.
With reference to FIG. 1, containers 25 are brought to ¦ the inspection device in an upright position on a conveyor 30.
¦ The conveyor 30 is moving in the direction of the arrow adjacent thereto and containers 25, as they approach the inspection device or the starwheel 10, are engaged by a screw 31. The screw 31 will be rotated at a preselected speed in a clockwise direction thus effecting the advancing movement of the con-tainers 25 toward the center axis of the starwheel 10. The !, .
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. containers are confined to t.he threads of the screw by a guide rail 32. The timing of the screw is such that a . container is brought into ar,d becomes engaged by the star-. wheel 10 and the rollers 24 and 18 which are positioned at 5 . each station of the starwheel at predetermined intervals.
Indexing of the starwheel wi.ll carry the container which i has been positioned in the confines or "pocket" of the starwheel to the next adjacent position by indexing of the l; starwheel in a counter-cloc~;wise direction. In this fashion, 1~ containers are, one by one, moved through a series of five inspection stations, only one of which is illustrated in greater detail in Figs. 2 and 3. The starwheel 10, it should be noted, handles the containers through the series of five inspection stations and when the containers arrive at the 15 . location of an exit conveyor 33, the containers will be assisted in leaving the pocket of the starwheel so as to become engaged by a screw 34 which is bein~ rotated in a counter-clockwise ,~ direction to effect removal of the containers from the star-wheel. Again the screw 34 is driven at a slightly greater velo- !
20 , city than the velocity of the conveyor 33. While the threads ; on the screw 34 are shown as symmetrical,they need not be of a ` regular pitch, but may have a greater separation dis-tance as the !
' screw becomes farther removed from the location of the starwheel i 10. This is sometimes preferred when clearing the inspection 25 ' device and for spacing containers on the exit conveyor.
It should be noted that the containers, as they are moved through the plurality of inspection stations, which are , .
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Il 15200 i ' .
I five in number between the entrance conveyor 30 and the.exit ', .
I~ conveyor 33, are held within the confines of the pockets in the ¦
starwheel by side-engaging rails 35 that are at a height which ' will render the containers fairly stable as they are moved 5 'I laterally. Rails 35 are interrupted, obviously, at the en-trance conveyor and at the exlt con~eyor so that the bottles may enter and exit from the starwheel. Furthermore, the rail 35 is not present at a portion of the distance between the exit con-~" veyor and the entrance conveyor, since this is the.zone where 10 i~ defective containers may be rejected by being positioned into a Il chute 36. In the event, during any of the inspections that may ji be carried out at the five stations where the containers are I indexed to and between a defective bottle is determined to be Il present, a plunger 37 will be positioned by a cylinder 38 con-15 ¦ nected thereto to move into position to prevent the defective container from leaving the starwheel during that period when the sta~heel is stationary and positioned in alignment with the ¦, exit conveyor 33. It can be seen that upon indexing of the star 1' wheel with the container still retained adjacent the exit posi-20 I tion by the plunger 37, that the starwheel will carry the de-¦ fective container to the area of the disposal chute 36 and thusbe discarded from the line of ware being inspected. Immediately~
I after initial indexing movement of the starwheel has been ¦l, sufficient to carry the defective container into engagement withl 25 il the portion 39 of the guard rail, the plunger 37 will be re- ¦
1, tracted by the cylinder 38.
~, i !
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~ 7~3~ 15~00 :, SIDEwALL INSPECTION
With specific reference now to FIGS. 2 and 3, a de-tailed description of the sidewall inspection system will be ` ¦¦ given.
5 lZ The configuration of the starwheel is such that an annular, upstanding, recess 40 is provided therein within which serves as the location for an illuminating means generally designated 41. The illuminating means comprises a generally flat, vertically positioned panel 42 bolted to an angle bracket , 43. The angle bracket 43 is supported from a horizontal, gener-ally circular table 44. The panel 42 carries a plurality of fuse clips 45 in an array of three vertical columns with five ~ individual clip pairs in each column. Each clip supports- a i. 1 'I lamp 46. The lamp 46 is a tubular bulb within which a vertic-ally positioned filament is carried. These lamps are com-mercially available from General Electric and designated Style T-3, Lamp 211-2.
¦~ As can best be seen from FIG. 2, the lamps are posi- '' ` tioned within a generally trapezoidally shaped housing having 20 1' sidewalls 47. The sidewalls 47, at their forward ends 48, are provided with vertical channels 4~ within which a light-diffusing plate 50 is positioned in overlying relationship to all of the fifteen lamps. An opening is provided in the portion il 12 of the starwheel 10 to provide access to the diffuser plate 25 !! from above, to permit elevation of the diffusing plate, when desired, for the purpose of replacing lamps which may burn out i' during the operation of the device.
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It should be noted that the illuminating means 41 extends below the table 44 such that the lowestmost lamps will provide full height illumination to the front side of a container positioned as shown in phantom line in Fig. 3. With the lights as shown in Fig. 3, the full height of the container 25 will be back-lighted and, in particular, the lower portion of the bottle will be lighted.
A vertical strip that is lighted is viewable by a camera 51 mounted opposite the illuminating means. The camera 51, as shown in Fig. l, has a lens contained within a housing 52. The area of view of the portion of the bottle being inspected is schematically shown by dot-dash lines extending from the lens 52 to the area of the container in Fig. l. The same pair of dot-dash lines also in-dicate the area of view of the front portion of the bottle in Fig. 2. It should be pointed out that the camera lens focuses that portion of the front portion of the sidewall of the container that is within its view onto a vertical linear array of pickups within the camera 51.
The vertical array of lamps used to inspect the sidewall characteristics of flint or clear glass containers is provided by the two outer columns of lamps 46 only. By providing a plurality of lamps, the forward wall of the container, which is that portion of the container being viewed by the camera, will have a relatively constant intensity of illumination over its ~ ~'7~
.
, total height and the width of the portion being viewed. In order to ensure that the en~ire container sidewall is inspected, it is necessary that the container be rotated about its vertical l axis through at least 360 of rotation. Rotation of the con-~ tainer about its axis is accomplished by a wheel 53 which has a , frictional surface 54, such as a rubber tread The wheel is ¦ positioned in engagement with the neck of a container when the container is at the location shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The wheel 1 54 is mounted on the upper end of a vertical shaft 55. The ¦ lower end of the shaft 55, as viewed in FIG. 3, carries a I pulley 56 which is driven by a belt 57 in engagement therewith.
j The means for driving the belt may take the form of an electric I
Il motor (not shown). A bracket 58 which carries a bearing 59 ¦I serves to support the shaft 55 for rotatlon about its vertical l, axis. It should be noted that the shaft 55 a~d the wheel 53 are .. i biased in the direction of the axis o the bottle in a yielding ¦ manner such that when indexing of the starwheeL 10 takes place, the neck of the container may pass from engagement with the ' wheel 53 without undue stress placed thereon. However, it is ~ necessary that the sur~ace of the wheel engage the container neck with sufficient force so as to assure rotation of the con-tainer about its vertical axis.
I It should be noted that as the containers are moved ¦ around from station to station, their bottoms slide on a station-~, ary surface supported by the table 44. To ensure that the , bottle, when it is rotated about its vertical axis, is main-tained within the confines of the pockets of the starwheel and ,, '.
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.
.
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~' in the position to be viewed by the camera 51, the side rail 35 ¦l is interrupted just in advance of the position where the side-wall inspection is being carried out. An auxiliary portion 60 i (See FIG. 2) of the side rail is pivotally mounted to a bracket . 61 which in turn is adjustably mounted to a fixed member 62 by a bolt 63 extending through a horizontal slot 64 in the bracket .
61. .The rail portion 60 is mounted to the bracket 61 by a , vertical pivot pin 64. The bracket 61 also carries a stationary l~ ear 65 into which a bolt 66 is threaded. The rail portion 60 r ~ at its end opposite the end where the pivot 64 is provided, ~ carries a right angle tab 67 with a portion that overlies the . ear 65. The tab 67 has a hole formed adjacent its end and the , bolt 66 extends therethrough wlth clearance from the tab 67.
', A compression spring 68 extends between the head of the bolt 66 and the tab 67 to, in effect, bias the tab and the one end ~.
; portion 60 of the side rail into the position shown in FIG. 2 Il A block 69 is mounted to the side of the tab 67. The outer end i of the block 69 carries a roller 70. The roller 70 is therefore Il biased by the spring ~8 through the tab 67 and engages the !i sidewall of the container being inspected at the position shown Il in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this way~ the container is held at the side i near its center of gravity in engagement with th.e rollers 18. ¦
Il It should be noted that in FIG. 3, a second dot-dash ¦ line configuration is shown for a container with the position o~
the angle bracket 21, steadying roller 24 and drive wheèl 53 Il moved down to accommodate a shorter container designated 25.'.
,I For example, the bottle 25 would represent a 12Oæ. beverage , I .
.,, , 1,, 1 .,` . ' I
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: 15200 ., , bottle such as a beer bottle, while 25' would represent a stubby . or short beer or soft drink bottle. While the rollers 70 and rail section 60 are shown in FIG. 3, it should be understood , that these are merely shown for purpose of reference, since they normally would not be visible in this view when conside~ing the section line 3-3 designated on FIG. 2.
The camera 51, as can be seen with reference to FIGS.
, 6-8, is supported on a vertical post 71, with the connection ¦ between the camera and the post beiny such that the camera mount may be tilted in a vertical plane relative to the ver-tical axis ; of the post 71. The post 71 is clamped in a bracket 72 and thereby can be vertically adjusted or rotated relative to the bracket 72. The lower portion of the bracket 72 takes the`form of 1 a horizontal plate 73. The plate 73 carries a pair of clamping 15 : blocks 7~ at opposed ends thereof, which blocks, when threadably `
clamped at the ends of the plate 73, will grlp a pair of posts 75. The posts 15, at their lower ends, are provided with.feet 1~, 76 which may be vertically adjusted by threaded screws 77. It ¦` should be understood that the feet 76 rest upon the floor and 20 ¦. through the adjustments shown, provide support for the camera at I
;~ its position spaced from the starwheel 10. The plate 73 is also !
! adjustably carried by a plate 78 that extends to and may connect !I with the main support for the table 44 of the starwheel support- !
i ing mechanism.
25 ' The plate 78, as viewed in FIG. 7, may be vertically adjusted by adjustment of a support column 79. A second angle : bracket 80 is shown extending from the underside of plate 78 -~.6-and it too may be connected t:o a stationary portion of the star-wheel supporting mechanism.
One aspect of the present invention which has led to the design of the starwheel with the arm extension 15 and two horizontal ledges 14 and 16 so as to provide an outwardly extending area, is the provision at the exit position for an improved bottle exit assisting mechanism, generally designated 80, and shown in detail in F:igs. 9 and 10.
Fig. 9 shows the operative position of the assist mechanism and Fig. 10 shows ~:he internal detail of the spring-retaining and biasing means for the assist mechanism. The assist mechanism takes the form of a bent, bottle-engaging member 81. As can be seen, 1:he member 81 extends into the out-wardly extending area of the arm bounded by the ledges 14 and 16 and the extension 15. Member 81 may be formed of a material which has a non-abrasive suriace, yet has a high wear-resistance, for example, a Micarta* member formed in the con-figuration shown and being generally an elongated, rectangular arm. At one end, the member 81 is unrestrained, while at its opposite end it is fixed to a pivoted crank 82. The clank 82 is pivotally supported for rotation about the axis of a pin 83. The pin 83 is supported by a plate 84 which in turn is fixed to the table 44. The plate 84 also supports a cylin-drical housing 85 within which a sleeve 86 is coaxially positioned. The sleeve 86 may be adjustably positioned relative to the cylindrical housing 85 by loosensing of a threaded bolt 87. The sleeve 86 at one end thereof is pro-vided with a plug 88 which serves as a stop lock against which a head 89 of a rod 90 may enqage. The rod 90 is threadably connected to a crank arm 91 which in turn is pivotally connected *Trade Mark ` .' ~ 15200 . , ;
' to the crank 82. A threaded bolt 92 which may be turned in or il out of the housing 85 adjustably limits the position of the plug and sleeve 86 within the housing 85. It should be under~
`' stood that the bolt 87 would be loosened during this adjustment `
and tightened after the adjustment has been made. A set screw 93 in the cylinder 85 is provided to maintain the adjusted position of the bolt 92, once the position has been selected.
i~ It should be pointed out that with regard to FIG. 9, I` the member 81, in full line, is shown as bein~ slightly turned l,l in a clockwise direction with respect to the dotted line position 1 illustrated in FIG. 9. The dotted position of the arm in FIG. , Il !
I~ 10 would correspond to the position of the member 81, were the ¦~ rod head 89 in actual engagement with the plug 88.
1~ Before a container comes into position at the exit ~ area of the mechanism, shown in FIG. 9, a spring 94 in the sleeve !1 86 will maintain the head 89 in engagement with the plug 88 and !~ the member 81 will be at its farthest clockwise position with 1 l~espect to its pivot. As a container is moved into the exit ,i position shown in FIG. 9, the member 81 will first assume the 20 ii dotted line position, since the container will be biased against;
¦¦ the member and the spring 94 will be compressed to a greater extent than that viewed in FIG. 10. Once the container at the exit station is free to move out toward the screw 34, the springl 1 94 will come into play and assist the container in its exiting 1ll movement. Howevex, if the container has been judged or found to have a defect by the gauging and inspection equipment, the plunger 37 will have moved into poSitiQn to block the exit of ~, .
, ` .
, the container on the conveyor 33. In this event, the spring 94 will be held in a compressed posltion and the member 81 will be i held in the dotted line position shown in FIG. 9 where it will Il remain in engagement with the container while it is shifted by 5 ¦~ indexing the starwheel. The container is held in the starwheel ¦~ by the rail portion 39. When the bottle has cleared the rai].
`l portion 39, it will be discarded by either being pushed from i the table 94 or positioned over a cut-out provided in the table, ,. as shown in FIG. 1, with the cut-out overlying the cullet chute 10 1, 36.
!~ As previously indicated, when the apparatus is being , used to check the sidewall of flint or clear containers, only ¦I the outer two columns of lamps are illuminated. With this in ¦l view, reerence may be had to the schematic wiring diagram 15 ` illustrated in FIG. 11 whereln a source of alternating current i is shown connected to a transformer 9S. Transformer 95 has a dual secondary with grounded center taps and provides, through I¦ rectifiers 96, a source of D.C. voltage for the lamps 46. The ¦! outputs from the rectifiers 96 are combined in a lead 97 which 20 ll is connected in parallel to one side of the lamps 46 which are-~j in the two outer columns of five lamps each. The other side of¦j these lamps are connected to comparatoxs 98 by leads 99. It .` jl should be understood that all o~ the lamps 46 are lndividually ¦I current sensed through separate comparators 98. The comparators .
25 1`i are supplied in groups of four in a unit which is supplied with il power, schematically shown as lead 107, 107' connected to the 1.
comparators that are in circuit with the outer two rows of lamps 46. In addition, when it is desirable to use the present in-'.
. .
3L1'^~634() . 15200 ~
, ' , 1. spection system for viewing the sidewall of amber bottles, where Il it is required to have a more intense illumination, a switch 100 . may be moved downward by hand to connect the power supply through ,` a second lead 101 which is connected to the input of the center 5 l set or column of lamps designated 46'.
¦~ All of the lamps 46' are connected at their other sides to comparators 98 of identical characteristic to those -; connected to lamps 46. The comparators that are in circuit with I
i', lamps 46' are supplied power through lead 108 which is connected i 10 ,' to the second lead 101. Thus the power to the center row of lights and their comparators is controlled by switch 100.. A bias voltage provided in line 102 will feed a bias voltage into each 'i of the comparators through an equali~ing. circuit so as to provide Il a biased voltage which is compared with the voltage output of the 15 l~ lamps. When the lamps are functioning, there will be no output from the comparators 98. The resistors 109 between the lamps an.d ground serve as current sensors to the lamps~ When a lamp is burned out, no current flows and, therefore, no voltage is de-Il veloped across the sensor resistor to provide indication of fault.
20 li When a lamp malfunctions or burns out, then an output will be ,I sensed from the comparators 98, which output is connected by a ¦~ lead 103 through a field effect-transistor 104 to a suitable in~
dicator or enunciator 105. The field effect transistor 104 is of l,¦ the V-MOS type having very fast and very powerful response cap- !
25 , able of carrying quite a bit of power and is also of fairly low Il resistance. When the center column of lamps is illuminated by ,. moving the switch 100, a lamp 106 will light, providing a visual . indication that the system is ready to inspect the sidewall of . amber colored bottles or containers.
, ,', , ' 3~
The above described circuit is the power circuit for the preferred lamp system.
` 1 A second embodiment of a circuit for supplying power , to a modified lamp system is shown in FIG. 12. In this embodi- !
ment, only ten lamps 110 are utilized as the back lightin~
arrangement for the bottle being inspected~ The ten lamps are physically arranged ln two vertical rows of five lamps. With ' reference to FIG. 12, a source of alternating current is con-" nected to a transformer 111 whose output is connected through 10 l, rectifiers to input leads 112 and 113. Lead 112 is connected to , ten three-terminal positive voltage regulators 114, there being ll a regulator 114 in the power supply to each of the lamps 110.
,l The pair of regulators 114 which are connected to the upper two ,l lamps are connected as a pair by the output lead 115 of the first~
15 ' one being connected through a~resistor 116 to the adjustment ,i terminal 117 of the regulators. The adjustment at the terminal 117 is effected through the potentiometer 118 connected thereto i, to ground. Each of the pairs of lamps that are at the same ¦~ height are similarly adjusted as multiple pairs and thus the in- I
20 il tensity of pairs of lamps may be effected by the hand adjustment,j 'll selectively of any one of the five potentiometers 118. !
jl - The output lead 115 from each regulator is con-! nected to a comparator 119 which is the same as is shown and 1, !I described with respect to FIG~ 11 and designated 98. The com- ¦
25 ! parators 119 are again in groups of four with the power thereto being derived through lead 120 connected to lead 112. The com-parators are shown within enclosures deslgnated 121, it being .
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Il 15200 ' . .
understood that there are ten of these similar circuits all connected in parallel to the input or "OR" gate 122. The gate 122 may be a field effect transistor as described in connection 1 with FIG. 11. However, it should be recognized that a bias 5 i voltage, derived from a voltage regulator 123, is connected through lead 124 to a faulty lamp indicator 125 in a similar manner as described in connection with FIG~ 11. Thus the output at "OR" gate will provide a signal to the indicator.
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with the extension 15, in efi-ec-t form a recess in the arm 13.
The inwardly extending ledges 16 on the arms 13, of which there are 8 in the present apparatus, serve as mounts for plates 17 which are attached to the lower surface thereof. Each plate 17 extends horizontally outward from the sides of the ledge 16 to which it is attached and each plate carries a pair of bottle-engaging rollers 18, as best shown in Fig. 5. The arms 13 extend downwardly to such an extent that the lower ends thereof are below the center of gravity of the bottles or con-tainers being handled. The rollers 1~ which engage the bottlestherefore engage the bottles below the center of gravity thereof.
The downwardly extending arms 13 are provided with a vertically elongated slot 19 therein, the slot 19 serving as an adjustable mounting means for bifurcated plates 20. The plates 20 actually extend between adjacent arms 13. Each arm is provided with an angle bracket 21 whil~h may be adjustably clamped to the arm 13 by suitable fasteners such as bolt 22 as shown in Fig. 4. The bolt 22 will extend through the vertical slot 19 and have a nut or other suitable threaded member on its op-posite end. Loosening of th~ bolt 22 would permit verticaladjustment of the bracket 21 relative to the arm 13.
As previously stated, the bracket 21 serves as a mounting platform for the biEurcated plates 20. It should be understood that each plate 2~ is connected to a bracket 21 car-ried by adjacent arms. The ~ounting of the plate 20 to thebracket 21 may be by way of bolts 23, as shown in Fig. Z. Each plate 20 carries a pair of rollers 24. The rollers 24 are adapted to engage the "finish" or threaded neck portion of a glass ;~ ,5 . .
3~ 1 it !¦ container 25. The container 25 is shown in phantom line in ¦i FI~S. ~ and 4 and in full line in FIGS. 1 and 2. It should be ~- pointed out that the plates 20 have a cut~out portion in the ~ center thereof when looking in plan view with the forward 5 ~ portion, designated 26, being of a size such that the neck of ¦ a bottle will fit in the~gap formed thereby, while the cut-out ¦ portion closest to the hub 11 is cut out to a greater degree and g~eater height for the purpose of permitting illumination of the ¦ bottle as will be later explained. Toward the rear portion of lQ j the cut-out 26 are mounted the two neck-engaging rollers 24. As ¦ can be seen in FIG. 2, the rollers 24 are equidistant from a plane passing through the center of the con~ainer positioned at the station shown in FIG. 2.
The hub 11 of the starwheel 10 is connected to a circular plate 27 by bolts 28. The circular pate 21 in turn is ¦ fastened to the upper end of a drive shaft 29. The drive shaft 29 is connected to a suitable indexing drive which will turn the drive shaft and the hub or starwheel connected thereto through a 45 angle of rotation during each indexing movement thereof.
With reference to FIG. 1, containers 25 are brought to ¦ the inspection device in an upright position on a conveyor 30.
¦ The conveyor 30 is moving in the direction of the arrow adjacent thereto and containers 25, as they approach the inspection device or the starwheel 10, are engaged by a screw 31. The screw 31 will be rotated at a preselected speed in a clockwise direction thus effecting the advancing movement of the con-tainers 25 toward the center axis of the starwheel 10. The !, .
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. containers are confined to t.he threads of the screw by a guide rail 32. The timing of the screw is such that a . container is brought into ar,d becomes engaged by the star-. wheel 10 and the rollers 24 and 18 which are positioned at 5 . each station of the starwheel at predetermined intervals.
Indexing of the starwheel wi.ll carry the container which i has been positioned in the confines or "pocket" of the starwheel to the next adjacent position by indexing of the l; starwheel in a counter-cloc~;wise direction. In this fashion, 1~ containers are, one by one, moved through a series of five inspection stations, only one of which is illustrated in greater detail in Figs. 2 and 3. The starwheel 10, it should be noted, handles the containers through the series of five inspection stations and when the containers arrive at the 15 . location of an exit conveyor 33, the containers will be assisted in leaving the pocket of the starwheel so as to become engaged by a screw 34 which is bein~ rotated in a counter-clockwise ,~ direction to effect removal of the containers from the star-wheel. Again the screw 34 is driven at a slightly greater velo- !
20 , city than the velocity of the conveyor 33. While the threads ; on the screw 34 are shown as symmetrical,they need not be of a ` regular pitch, but may have a greater separation dis-tance as the !
' screw becomes farther removed from the location of the starwheel i 10. This is sometimes preferred when clearing the inspection 25 ' device and for spacing containers on the exit conveyor.
It should be noted that the containers, as they are moved through the plurality of inspection stations, which are , .
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Il 15200 i ' .
I five in number between the entrance conveyor 30 and the.exit ', .
I~ conveyor 33, are held within the confines of the pockets in the ¦
starwheel by side-engaging rails 35 that are at a height which ' will render the containers fairly stable as they are moved 5 'I laterally. Rails 35 are interrupted, obviously, at the en-trance conveyor and at the exlt con~eyor so that the bottles may enter and exit from the starwheel. Furthermore, the rail 35 is not present at a portion of the distance between the exit con-~" veyor and the entrance conveyor, since this is the.zone where 10 i~ defective containers may be rejected by being positioned into a Il chute 36. In the event, during any of the inspections that may ji be carried out at the five stations where the containers are I indexed to and between a defective bottle is determined to be Il present, a plunger 37 will be positioned by a cylinder 38 con-15 ¦ nected thereto to move into position to prevent the defective container from leaving the starwheel during that period when the sta~heel is stationary and positioned in alignment with the ¦, exit conveyor 33. It can be seen that upon indexing of the star 1' wheel with the container still retained adjacent the exit posi-20 I tion by the plunger 37, that the starwheel will carry the de-¦ fective container to the area of the disposal chute 36 and thusbe discarded from the line of ware being inspected. Immediately~
I after initial indexing movement of the starwheel has been ¦l, sufficient to carry the defective container into engagement withl 25 il the portion 39 of the guard rail, the plunger 37 will be re- ¦
1, tracted by the cylinder 38.
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~ 7~3~ 15~00 :, SIDEwALL INSPECTION
With specific reference now to FIGS. 2 and 3, a de-tailed description of the sidewall inspection system will be ` ¦¦ given.
5 lZ The configuration of the starwheel is such that an annular, upstanding, recess 40 is provided therein within which serves as the location for an illuminating means generally designated 41. The illuminating means comprises a generally flat, vertically positioned panel 42 bolted to an angle bracket , 43. The angle bracket 43 is supported from a horizontal, gener-ally circular table 44. The panel 42 carries a plurality of fuse clips 45 in an array of three vertical columns with five ~ individual clip pairs in each column. Each clip supports- a i. 1 'I lamp 46. The lamp 46 is a tubular bulb within which a vertic-ally positioned filament is carried. These lamps are com-mercially available from General Electric and designated Style T-3, Lamp 211-2.
¦~ As can best be seen from FIG. 2, the lamps are posi- '' ` tioned within a generally trapezoidally shaped housing having 20 1' sidewalls 47. The sidewalls 47, at their forward ends 48, are provided with vertical channels 4~ within which a light-diffusing plate 50 is positioned in overlying relationship to all of the fifteen lamps. An opening is provided in the portion il 12 of the starwheel 10 to provide access to the diffuser plate 25 !! from above, to permit elevation of the diffusing plate, when desired, for the purpose of replacing lamps which may burn out i' during the operation of the device.
`, , . . .
.. . .
'.
It should be noted that the illuminating means 41 extends below the table 44 such that the lowestmost lamps will provide full height illumination to the front side of a container positioned as shown in phantom line in Fig. 3. With the lights as shown in Fig. 3, the full height of the container 25 will be back-lighted and, in particular, the lower portion of the bottle will be lighted.
A vertical strip that is lighted is viewable by a camera 51 mounted opposite the illuminating means. The camera 51, as shown in Fig. l, has a lens contained within a housing 52. The area of view of the portion of the bottle being inspected is schematically shown by dot-dash lines extending from the lens 52 to the area of the container in Fig. l. The same pair of dot-dash lines also in-dicate the area of view of the front portion of the bottle in Fig. 2. It should be pointed out that the camera lens focuses that portion of the front portion of the sidewall of the container that is within its view onto a vertical linear array of pickups within the camera 51.
The vertical array of lamps used to inspect the sidewall characteristics of flint or clear glass containers is provided by the two outer columns of lamps 46 only. By providing a plurality of lamps, the forward wall of the container, which is that portion of the container being viewed by the camera, will have a relatively constant intensity of illumination over its ~ ~'7~
.
, total height and the width of the portion being viewed. In order to ensure that the en~ire container sidewall is inspected, it is necessary that the container be rotated about its vertical l axis through at least 360 of rotation. Rotation of the con-~ tainer about its axis is accomplished by a wheel 53 which has a , frictional surface 54, such as a rubber tread The wheel is ¦ positioned in engagement with the neck of a container when the container is at the location shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The wheel 1 54 is mounted on the upper end of a vertical shaft 55. The ¦ lower end of the shaft 55, as viewed in FIG. 3, carries a I pulley 56 which is driven by a belt 57 in engagement therewith.
j The means for driving the belt may take the form of an electric I
Il motor (not shown). A bracket 58 which carries a bearing 59 ¦I serves to support the shaft 55 for rotatlon about its vertical l, axis. It should be noted that the shaft 55 a~d the wheel 53 are .. i biased in the direction of the axis o the bottle in a yielding ¦ manner such that when indexing of the starwheeL 10 takes place, the neck of the container may pass from engagement with the ' wheel 53 without undue stress placed thereon. However, it is ~ necessary that the sur~ace of the wheel engage the container neck with sufficient force so as to assure rotation of the con-tainer about its vertical axis.
I It should be noted that as the containers are moved ¦ around from station to station, their bottoms slide on a station-~, ary surface supported by the table 44. To ensure that the , bottle, when it is rotated about its vertical axis, is main-tained within the confines of the pockets of the starwheel and ,, '.
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.
.
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~' in the position to be viewed by the camera 51, the side rail 35 ¦l is interrupted just in advance of the position where the side-wall inspection is being carried out. An auxiliary portion 60 i (See FIG. 2) of the side rail is pivotally mounted to a bracket . 61 which in turn is adjustably mounted to a fixed member 62 by a bolt 63 extending through a horizontal slot 64 in the bracket .
61. .The rail portion 60 is mounted to the bracket 61 by a , vertical pivot pin 64. The bracket 61 also carries a stationary l~ ear 65 into which a bolt 66 is threaded. The rail portion 60 r ~ at its end opposite the end where the pivot 64 is provided, ~ carries a right angle tab 67 with a portion that overlies the . ear 65. The tab 67 has a hole formed adjacent its end and the , bolt 66 extends therethrough wlth clearance from the tab 67.
', A compression spring 68 extends between the head of the bolt 66 and the tab 67 to, in effect, bias the tab and the one end ~.
; portion 60 of the side rail into the position shown in FIG. 2 Il A block 69 is mounted to the side of the tab 67. The outer end i of the block 69 carries a roller 70. The roller 70 is therefore Il biased by the spring ~8 through the tab 67 and engages the !i sidewall of the container being inspected at the position shown Il in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this way~ the container is held at the side i near its center of gravity in engagement with th.e rollers 18. ¦
Il It should be noted that in FIG. 3, a second dot-dash ¦ line configuration is shown for a container with the position o~
the angle bracket 21, steadying roller 24 and drive wheèl 53 Il moved down to accommodate a shorter container designated 25.'.
,I For example, the bottle 25 would represent a 12Oæ. beverage , I .
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: 15200 ., , bottle such as a beer bottle, while 25' would represent a stubby . or short beer or soft drink bottle. While the rollers 70 and rail section 60 are shown in FIG. 3, it should be understood , that these are merely shown for purpose of reference, since they normally would not be visible in this view when conside~ing the section line 3-3 designated on FIG. 2.
The camera 51, as can be seen with reference to FIGS.
, 6-8, is supported on a vertical post 71, with the connection ¦ between the camera and the post beiny such that the camera mount may be tilted in a vertical plane relative to the ver-tical axis ; of the post 71. The post 71 is clamped in a bracket 72 and thereby can be vertically adjusted or rotated relative to the bracket 72. The lower portion of the bracket 72 takes the`form of 1 a horizontal plate 73. The plate 73 carries a pair of clamping 15 : blocks 7~ at opposed ends thereof, which blocks, when threadably `
clamped at the ends of the plate 73, will grlp a pair of posts 75. The posts 15, at their lower ends, are provided with.feet 1~, 76 which may be vertically adjusted by threaded screws 77. It ¦` should be understood that the feet 76 rest upon the floor and 20 ¦. through the adjustments shown, provide support for the camera at I
;~ its position spaced from the starwheel 10. The plate 73 is also !
! adjustably carried by a plate 78 that extends to and may connect !I with the main support for the table 44 of the starwheel support- !
i ing mechanism.
25 ' The plate 78, as viewed in FIG. 7, may be vertically adjusted by adjustment of a support column 79. A second angle : bracket 80 is shown extending from the underside of plate 78 -~.6-and it too may be connected t:o a stationary portion of the star-wheel supporting mechanism.
One aspect of the present invention which has led to the design of the starwheel with the arm extension 15 and two horizontal ledges 14 and 16 so as to provide an outwardly extending area, is the provision at the exit position for an improved bottle exit assisting mechanism, generally designated 80, and shown in detail in F:igs. 9 and 10.
Fig. 9 shows the operative position of the assist mechanism and Fig. 10 shows ~:he internal detail of the spring-retaining and biasing means for the assist mechanism. The assist mechanism takes the form of a bent, bottle-engaging member 81. As can be seen, 1:he member 81 extends into the out-wardly extending area of the arm bounded by the ledges 14 and 16 and the extension 15. Member 81 may be formed of a material which has a non-abrasive suriace, yet has a high wear-resistance, for example, a Micarta* member formed in the con-figuration shown and being generally an elongated, rectangular arm. At one end, the member 81 is unrestrained, while at its opposite end it is fixed to a pivoted crank 82. The clank 82 is pivotally supported for rotation about the axis of a pin 83. The pin 83 is supported by a plate 84 which in turn is fixed to the table 44. The plate 84 also supports a cylin-drical housing 85 within which a sleeve 86 is coaxially positioned. The sleeve 86 may be adjustably positioned relative to the cylindrical housing 85 by loosensing of a threaded bolt 87. The sleeve 86 at one end thereof is pro-vided with a plug 88 which serves as a stop lock against which a head 89 of a rod 90 may enqage. The rod 90 is threadably connected to a crank arm 91 which in turn is pivotally connected *Trade Mark ` .' ~ 15200 . , ;
' to the crank 82. A threaded bolt 92 which may be turned in or il out of the housing 85 adjustably limits the position of the plug and sleeve 86 within the housing 85. It should be under~
`' stood that the bolt 87 would be loosened during this adjustment `
and tightened after the adjustment has been made. A set screw 93 in the cylinder 85 is provided to maintain the adjusted position of the bolt 92, once the position has been selected.
i~ It should be pointed out that with regard to FIG. 9, I` the member 81, in full line, is shown as bein~ slightly turned l,l in a clockwise direction with respect to the dotted line position 1 illustrated in FIG. 9. The dotted position of the arm in FIG. , Il !
I~ 10 would correspond to the position of the member 81, were the ¦~ rod head 89 in actual engagement with the plug 88.
1~ Before a container comes into position at the exit ~ area of the mechanism, shown in FIG. 9, a spring 94 in the sleeve !1 86 will maintain the head 89 in engagement with the plug 88 and !~ the member 81 will be at its farthest clockwise position with 1 l~espect to its pivot. As a container is moved into the exit ,i position shown in FIG. 9, the member 81 will first assume the 20 ii dotted line position, since the container will be biased against;
¦¦ the member and the spring 94 will be compressed to a greater extent than that viewed in FIG. 10. Once the container at the exit station is free to move out toward the screw 34, the springl 1 94 will come into play and assist the container in its exiting 1ll movement. Howevex, if the container has been judged or found to have a defect by the gauging and inspection equipment, the plunger 37 will have moved into poSitiQn to block the exit of ~, .
, ` .
, the container on the conveyor 33. In this event, the spring 94 will be held in a compressed posltion and the member 81 will be i held in the dotted line position shown in FIG. 9 where it will Il remain in engagement with the container while it is shifted by 5 ¦~ indexing the starwheel. The container is held in the starwheel ¦~ by the rail portion 39. When the bottle has cleared the rai].
`l portion 39, it will be discarded by either being pushed from i the table 94 or positioned over a cut-out provided in the table, ,. as shown in FIG. 1, with the cut-out overlying the cullet chute 10 1, 36.
!~ As previously indicated, when the apparatus is being , used to check the sidewall of flint or clear containers, only ¦I the outer two columns of lamps are illuminated. With this in ¦l view, reerence may be had to the schematic wiring diagram 15 ` illustrated in FIG. 11 whereln a source of alternating current i is shown connected to a transformer 9S. Transformer 95 has a dual secondary with grounded center taps and provides, through I¦ rectifiers 96, a source of D.C. voltage for the lamps 46. The ¦! outputs from the rectifiers 96 are combined in a lead 97 which 20 ll is connected in parallel to one side of the lamps 46 which are-~j in the two outer columns of five lamps each. The other side of¦j these lamps are connected to comparatoxs 98 by leads 99. It .` jl should be understood that all o~ the lamps 46 are lndividually ¦I current sensed through separate comparators 98. The comparators .
25 1`i are supplied in groups of four in a unit which is supplied with il power, schematically shown as lead 107, 107' connected to the 1.
comparators that are in circuit with the outer two rows of lamps 46. In addition, when it is desirable to use the present in-'.
. .
3L1'^~634() . 15200 ~
, ' , 1. spection system for viewing the sidewall of amber bottles, where Il it is required to have a more intense illumination, a switch 100 . may be moved downward by hand to connect the power supply through ,` a second lead 101 which is connected to the input of the center 5 l set or column of lamps designated 46'.
¦~ All of the lamps 46' are connected at their other sides to comparators 98 of identical characteristic to those -; connected to lamps 46. The comparators that are in circuit with I
i', lamps 46' are supplied power through lead 108 which is connected i 10 ,' to the second lead 101. Thus the power to the center row of lights and their comparators is controlled by switch 100.. A bias voltage provided in line 102 will feed a bias voltage into each 'i of the comparators through an equali~ing. circuit so as to provide Il a biased voltage which is compared with the voltage output of the 15 l~ lamps. When the lamps are functioning, there will be no output from the comparators 98. The resistors 109 between the lamps an.d ground serve as current sensors to the lamps~ When a lamp is burned out, no current flows and, therefore, no voltage is de-Il veloped across the sensor resistor to provide indication of fault.
20 li When a lamp malfunctions or burns out, then an output will be ,I sensed from the comparators 98, which output is connected by a ¦~ lead 103 through a field effect-transistor 104 to a suitable in~
dicator or enunciator 105. The field effect transistor 104 is of l,¦ the V-MOS type having very fast and very powerful response cap- !
25 , able of carrying quite a bit of power and is also of fairly low Il resistance. When the center column of lamps is illuminated by ,. moving the switch 100, a lamp 106 will light, providing a visual . indication that the system is ready to inspect the sidewall of . amber colored bottles or containers.
, ,', , ' 3~
The above described circuit is the power circuit for the preferred lamp system.
` 1 A second embodiment of a circuit for supplying power , to a modified lamp system is shown in FIG. 12. In this embodi- !
ment, only ten lamps 110 are utilized as the back lightin~
arrangement for the bottle being inspected~ The ten lamps are physically arranged ln two vertical rows of five lamps. With ' reference to FIG. 12, a source of alternating current is con-" nected to a transformer 111 whose output is connected through 10 l, rectifiers to input leads 112 and 113. Lead 112 is connected to , ten three-terminal positive voltage regulators 114, there being ll a regulator 114 in the power supply to each of the lamps 110.
,l The pair of regulators 114 which are connected to the upper two ,l lamps are connected as a pair by the output lead 115 of the first~
15 ' one being connected through a~resistor 116 to the adjustment ,i terminal 117 of the regulators. The adjustment at the terminal 117 is effected through the potentiometer 118 connected thereto i, to ground. Each of the pairs of lamps that are at the same ¦~ height are similarly adjusted as multiple pairs and thus the in- I
20 il tensity of pairs of lamps may be effected by the hand adjustment,j 'll selectively of any one of the five potentiometers 118. !
jl - The output lead 115 from each regulator is con-! nected to a comparator 119 which is the same as is shown and 1, !I described with respect to FIG~ 11 and designated 98. The com- ¦
25 ! parators 119 are again in groups of four with the power thereto being derived through lead 120 connected to lead 112. The com-parators are shown within enclosures deslgnated 121, it being .
~63~
Il 15200 ' . .
understood that there are ten of these similar circuits all connected in parallel to the input or "OR" gate 122. The gate 122 may be a field effect transistor as described in connection 1 with FIG. 11. However, it should be recognized that a bias 5 i voltage, derived from a voltage regulator 123, is connected through lead 124 to a faulty lamp indicator 125 in a similar manner as described in connection with FIG~ 11. Thus the output at "OR" gate will provide a signal to the indicator.
"
~, I, .~ , I
, . -22-
Claims (9)
1. Apparatus for handling glass containers in spaced apart series into an inspection position in front of an illu-minating means with an uninterrupted view of the container from the side thereof opposite the illuminating means and with means to rotate the container while the container is so positioned comprising:
a generally cylindrical hub, said hub having a hori-zontally extending periphery which is at a height greater than the height of a container to be inspected;
means connected to said hub for indexing the hub about its vertical axis;
a plurality of spaced-apart, downwardly extending arms connected to the periphery of said hub, said arms being of a length sufficient to extend below the center of gravity of a container positioned adjacent thereto;
container-engaging rollers mounted on said arms at, at least two vertically spaced points, the uppermost rollers being located at the finish of the container and said lower-most rollers being located below the center of gravity of the container with each arm supporting rollers that are in engage-ment with the two adjacent containers;
a peripherally spaced guide rail system extending around said hub adapted to engage containers and maintain them in contact with the rollers; and means at one of the inspection stations for engaging the finish of the container at said station for rotating the container positioned thereat about its central vertical axis.
a generally cylindrical hub, said hub having a hori-zontally extending periphery which is at a height greater than the height of a container to be inspected;
means connected to said hub for indexing the hub about its vertical axis;
a plurality of spaced-apart, downwardly extending arms connected to the periphery of said hub, said arms being of a length sufficient to extend below the center of gravity of a container positioned adjacent thereto;
container-engaging rollers mounted on said arms at, at least two vertically spaced points, the uppermost rollers being located at the finish of the container and said lower-most rollers being located below the center of gravity of the container with each arm supporting rollers that are in engage-ment with the two adjacent containers;
a peripherally spaced guide rail system extending around said hub adapted to engage containers and maintain them in contact with the rollers; and means at one of the inspection stations for engaging the finish of the container at said station for rotating the container positioned thereat about its central vertical axis.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hub has a plurality of said arms at spaced intervals about the peri-phery thereof;
means at one radial location for advancing containers into an area between adjacent arms;
means at a circumferentially spaced second radial location for moving containers away from between adjacent arms; and means at said second location for assisting the move-ment of containers out from between said arms in a radial direction.
means at one radial location for advancing containers into an area between adjacent arms;
means at a circumferentially spaced second radial location for moving containers away from between adjacent arms; and means at said second location for assisting the move-ment of containers out from between said arms in a radial direction.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said means for assisting containers out from between said arms comprises a pivoted arm extending into the path of the container movement into said second location;
spring-biasing means connected to said pivoted arm for maintaining a force on said pivoted arm; and adjustable means limiting the extent of movement of said pivoted arm.
spring-biasing means connected to said pivoted arm for maintaining a force on said pivoted arm; and adjustable means limiting the extent of movement of said pivoted arm.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said downwardly extending arms are formed with a horizontally-extending portion adjacent to which the lower set of rollers are mounted.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said horizontally extending portion of said arm has a further, lower, inwardly extending portion joined together by a downward extending por-tion thereby forming an outwardly extending area in each arm.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including first conveyor means for bringing containers into position in contact with said rollers at a loading position, second conveyor means extending generally radially outward from the periphery of said cylindrical hub for moving containers that have been inspected out of said handling system, and means at said second conveyor location for engaging containers at their sidewall and assist-ing their movement onto said second conveyor.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further including a container engaging outfeed worm extending along the side of said second conveyor, means for rotating said worm in a direction to move containers away from said hub, and said side-engaging means moving containers into position on said second conveyor to be engaged by said outfeed worm.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said means at said second conveyor location for engaging containers is posi-tioned at the height of and extends within the area of said arm.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said guide rail system includes a gap therein opposite said one of the in-spection stations, an auxiliary rail member partially spanning said gap, means pivotally supporting one end of said auxiliary rail member on a vertical axis, bottle engaging roller means carried by the opposite end of said rail member, and means biasing said member in the direction of a container in the in-spection position to hold the container against said side-engaging rollers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/203,024 US4378493A (en) | 1980-11-03 | 1980-11-03 | Glass container sidewall defect detection system with a diffused and controlled light source |
| US203,024 | 1980-11-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1176340A true CA1176340A (en) | 1984-10-16 |
Family
ID=22752146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000387462A Expired CA1176340A (en) | 1980-11-03 | 1981-10-07 | Glass container sidewall defect detection system |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4378493A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57104592A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU530784B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1176340A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3142758A1 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES8303691A1 (en) |
| FR (2) | FR2493522A1 (en) |
| GB (3) | GB2086829A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1171626B (en) |
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| US4958223A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1990-09-18 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Inspection of container finish |
| US4945228A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-07-31 | Owens-Illinois Glass Container Inc. | Inspection of container finish |
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| EP0644417B1 (en) * | 1993-09-16 | 2000-05-03 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Inspection of translucent containers |
| US5610391A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1997-03-11 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Optical inspection of container finish dimensional parameters |
| US5608516A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1997-03-04 | Emhart Glass Machinery Investments Inc. | Glass bottle inspection machine |
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| US6256095B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-03 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Container sealing surface area inspection |
| DE10017126C1 (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-06-13 | Krones Ag | Transparent container optical checking method, has illumination light field intensity and/or imaging sensitivity matched to individual container transparency |
| US6581751B1 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2003-06-24 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Method and apparatus for inspecting articles of glassware |
| US6469126B1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-10-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nmeours And Company | Melt-processible, thermoplastic random copolyimides having recoverable crystallinity and associated processes |
| US6557695B2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2003-05-06 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Apparatus and method for inspecting non-round containers |
| US7438192B1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2008-10-21 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Electronic control system for container indexing and inspection apparatus |
| US7148961B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2006-12-12 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Container sidewall inspection |
| US20070115467A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container | Apparatus and method for ensuring rotation of a container during inspection |
| US8227258B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2012-07-24 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Delivery and sensing of metered amounts of liquid materials |
| KR101257186B1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-22 | (주)도형아이엠 | Apparatus for inspecting container |
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| EP3855174A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2021-07-28 | SCHOTT Schweiz AG | Detection and characterization of defects in pharmaceutical cylindrical containers |
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-
1980
- 1980-11-03 US US06/203,024 patent/US4378493A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-10-07 CA CA000387462A patent/CA1176340A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-12 AU AU76243/81A patent/AU530784B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-10-28 DE DE19813142758 patent/DE3142758A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-10-30 IT IT49605/81A patent/IT1171626B/en active
- 1981-10-30 FR FR8120486A patent/FR2493522A1/en active Granted
- 1981-11-02 JP JP56174672A patent/JPS57104592A/en active Pending
- 1981-11-02 GB GB8132992A patent/GB2086829A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-11-02 ES ES506772A patent/ES8303691A1/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-03-23 FR FR8204937A patent/FR2499719A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-10-13 ES ES516463A patent/ES8401624A1/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-06-30 GB GB08317720A patent/GB2121537A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-30 GB GB08317721A patent/GB2121524A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES516463A0 (en) | 1983-12-16 |
| ES506772A0 (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| GB2086829A (en) | 1982-05-19 |
| ES8401624A1 (en) | 1983-12-16 |
| DE3142758A1 (en) | 1982-07-08 |
| GB8317720D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| IT8149605A0 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| IT1171626B (en) | 1987-06-10 |
| AU7624381A (en) | 1982-07-15 |
| GB2121537A (en) | 1983-12-21 |
| GB2121524A (en) | 1983-12-21 |
| FR2493522A1 (en) | 1982-05-07 |
| FR2493522B1 (en) | 1984-11-09 |
| ES8303691A1 (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| US4378493A (en) | 1983-03-29 |
| GB8317721D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| JPS57104592A (en) | 1982-06-29 |
| AU530784B2 (en) | 1983-07-28 |
| FR2499719A1 (en) | 1982-08-13 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |