CA1177373A - Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists - Google Patents
Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resistsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1177373A CA1177373A CA000410265A CA410265A CA1177373A CA 1177373 A CA1177373 A CA 1177373A CA 000410265 A CA000410265 A CA 000410265A CA 410265 A CA410265 A CA 410265A CA 1177373 A CA1177373 A CA 1177373A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- stripping
- unexposed photoresist
- substrate
- stripped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
- G03F7/422—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only
- G03F7/425—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only containing mineral alkaline compounds; containing organic basic compounds, e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds; containing heterocyclic basic compounds containing nitrogen
Abstract
STRIPPING COMPOSITIONS
AND METHODS OF STRIPPING RESISTS
Abstract of the Disclosure Stripping compositions for removing resist materials from substrates comprise compositions of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and a tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide compound. Either or both of polyethyl-ene glycol and a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether may be added to provide even more effective stripp-ing compositions.
AND METHODS OF STRIPPING RESISTS
Abstract of the Disclosure Stripping compositions for removing resist materials from substrates comprise compositions of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and a tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide compound. Either or both of polyethyl-ene glycol and a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether may be added to provide even more effective stripp-ing compositions.
Description
B-1183 C-l i~'7'~ 3 STRIPPING COMPOSITIONS
AND METHODS OF STRIPPING RESISTS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to novel resist stripping compositions and to methods of stripping resists employing said stripping compositions. More particu-larly, this invention relates to a novel resist stripping composition comprising a mixture of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and a tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-lQ dioxide compound which can also include polyethylene glycol and/or a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and to stripping resists with said stripping composl-tions.
Background of the Invention Modern technology utilizes positive~type resist materials for lithographically delineating patterns onto a substrate so that the patterns can be subse-quently etched or otherwise defined into the sub-strate material. The resist material is deposited as a film and the desired pattern is defined by exposing the resist film to energetic radiation. Thereafter the exposed regions are subject to a dissolution by a suitable developer liquid. After the pattern has been thus defined in the substrate the resist material must be completely removed from the substrate to avoid adversely affecting or hindering subsequent operations or processing steps.
~`
B-ll83 C-l li'7'7~73 It is necessary in such a photolithographic pro-cess that the photoresist material, following pattern delineation, be evenly and completely removed from all unexposed areas so as to permit further lithographic operations. Even the partial remains of a resist in an area to be further paterned is undesirable. Also, undesired resist residues between patterned lines can have deleterious effects on subsequent processes, such a metallization, or cause undesirable surface states and charges.
Heretofore the resist materials have been removed by stripping agents containing one or more of the following: halogenated hydrocarbons, for example, methylene chloride or tetrachloroethylene; amines and their derivatives such as dimethylformamide, N-methyl-
AND METHODS OF STRIPPING RESISTS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to novel resist stripping compositions and to methods of stripping resists employing said stripping compositions. More particu-larly, this invention relates to a novel resist stripping composition comprising a mixture of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and a tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-lQ dioxide compound which can also include polyethylene glycol and/or a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and to stripping resists with said stripping composl-tions.
Background of the Invention Modern technology utilizes positive~type resist materials for lithographically delineating patterns onto a substrate so that the patterns can be subse-quently etched or otherwise defined into the sub-strate material. The resist material is deposited as a film and the desired pattern is defined by exposing the resist film to energetic radiation. Thereafter the exposed regions are subject to a dissolution by a suitable developer liquid. After the pattern has been thus defined in the substrate the resist material must be completely removed from the substrate to avoid adversely affecting or hindering subsequent operations or processing steps.
~`
B-ll83 C-l li'7'7~73 It is necessary in such a photolithographic pro-cess that the photoresist material, following pattern delineation, be evenly and completely removed from all unexposed areas so as to permit further lithographic operations. Even the partial remains of a resist in an area to be further paterned is undesirable. Also, undesired resist residues between patterned lines can have deleterious effects on subsequent processes, such a metallization, or cause undesirable surface states and charges.
Heretofore the resist materials have been removed by stripping agents containing one or more of the following: halogenated hydrocarbons, for example, methylene chloride or tetrachloroethylene; amines and their derivatives such as dimethylformamide, N-methyl-
2-pyrrolidone, diethanolamine and triethanolamine;
glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, and the acetates thereof; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, as well as such materials as dioxane, sodium phenolate, isopropyl alcohol, sulfuric acid/nitric acid mixtures, persulfuric acid mixtures such as Caro's acid and sulfuric acid/ammonium persulfate, and mixtures of caustic and phenol derivatives as well as various other materials.
However, there are various and numerous draw-backs and disadvantages with these various materials.
Among the one or more drawbacks and disadvantages found in the use of each such stripping agents there B-ll83 C-l .~
11'~'7;~'73 may be mentioned the following: undesirable flamma-bility, volatility, odor and toxicity; incomplete removal of all reSist film; effectiveness only on certain resist films; attack of components other than the resist material, such as attack of metal sub-strates by the stripping agent; safety in handling and disposal of the stripper; and the undesired necessity for use at specified elevated temperatures when selected resists are being stripped. Furthermore, the limited stripping capabilities of the stripping agents is a very decided drawback. Additionally, many such strippers are not sufficiently effective against re-sist materials that are subject to a severe post-bak-ing operation thereby limiting their usefulness. In some of the strippers the presence of water is ex-tremely detrimental. Additionally, for those stripp-ing applications re~uiring inertness of the agent to metal substrates, toxicity during handling and diffi-culty of disposal are primary drawbacks.
Summary of the Invention It has now been found that a suitable photoresist stripping composition in which the hereinbefore men-tioned disadvantages and drawbacks are eliminated or substantially reduced and in which the range of use-fulness of the stripping composition is greatly extended can be obtained in accordance with the teach-ings of the present invention. The novel stripping compositions also exhibit a synergistically enhanced stripping action and provide resist stripping capabil-ities not possible from the use of the individual U-1183 C-]
11'~'7;~'73 components used alone as photoresist strippers. The novel stripping compositions of this invention com-prise a mixture of from about 30 to about 90 percent by weight of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of a tetrahy-drothiophene-l,l-dioxide compound.
Even more effective stripping compositions are provided if there is added to the basic mixture either or both of the following materials: from about 3 to about 20 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol and/or from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight of a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The presence of water in the stripping compositions of this invention is not detrimental and can be present in an amount from about 0 to about 10 percent by weight without undue adverse effects resulting.
The invention also relates to the use of such stripping compositions for removing photoresist material from a substrate surface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The stripping compositions of this inventiom com-prise stripping compositions containing from about 30 to about 90 weight percent, preferably from about 45 to about 90 weight percent, more preferably from about 60 to about 70 weight percent, and most preferably about 7n weight percent of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound of the general formula ~0 B-ll83 C-l li'~'îJ;~'73 wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl of l to 3 carbon atom or hydroxyalkyl of l to 3 carbon atoms, and from about lO
to about 70 weight percent, preferably from about 10 to about 55 weight percent, more preferably about 30 to about 40 weight percent, and most preferably about 30 weight percent of a tetrahydrothiophene-l,1-dioxide compound of the general formula ~ R
O O
wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
As examples of 2-pyrrolidinone compounds of the hereinbefore set forth formula suitable for use in the compositions of this invention there may be mentioned, for example, 2-pyrrolidinone, l-methyl-2-pyrrolidi-none, l-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, l-propyl-2-pyrrolidi-none, l-hydroxymethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, l-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and l-hydroxypropyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
As examples of tetrahydrothiophene-l,1-dioxide compounds of the hereinbefore set forth formula suit-able for use in the compositions of this invention there may be mentioned for examples tetrahydrothio-phene-l,l-dioxide, methyl tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide and ethyl tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide.
Especially preferred is tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide.
An even more effective and desirable stripping composition is provided when from about 3 to about 20 weight percent, preferably about 5 to about 15 weight percent, and most preferably about 6 weight percent B -1183 C-l il~7'7~73 polyethylene glycol i9 added to the aforementioned stripping mixture. Another effective and desirable stripping composition is provided when from about 10 to about 30 weight percent, preferably from about 15 to about 20 weight percent and most preferably about 17 weight percent of a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, preferably 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanal, is added to the mixture of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and a tetrahydrothiophene-l,1-dioxide compound. The diethy-lene glycol monoalkyl ethers that may be employed in the compositions of this invention are those of the formula HOCH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-O-R wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds for use in the compositions of this invention are for example, the monomethyl-, monoethyl-, and monobutyl-ethers of diethylene glycol. Especially preferred is 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol.
A still more preferred stripping composition of this invention comprises a stripping composition wherein all four of the hereinbefore mentioned mater-ials are present in the composition in the weight percents previously stated.
A most preferred stripping composition of this invention comprises a mixture of from about 51% 1-methy1-2-pyrrolidinone, about 26% tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, about 17% 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol and about 6% polyethylene glycol.
While the compositions of this invention can be free of water this is not essential and water can be present in an amount of up to about 10 percent by weight.
B-1183 C-l 11'7'7~73 As exemplary stripping compositions of this invention there can be mentioned the following compositions of Tables IA and IB.
Table IA
Percents by Weight Component Composition A B C D E F G
l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone . 51 50 55 5562 70 60 tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide 26 25 15 1532 30 25 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol 17 13 20 10 -- -- 15 polyethylene glycol 6 12 1020 6 -- --Table IB
Percents by Weight Component Composition H
glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, and the acetates thereof; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, as well as such materials as dioxane, sodium phenolate, isopropyl alcohol, sulfuric acid/nitric acid mixtures, persulfuric acid mixtures such as Caro's acid and sulfuric acid/ammonium persulfate, and mixtures of caustic and phenol derivatives as well as various other materials.
However, there are various and numerous draw-backs and disadvantages with these various materials.
Among the one or more drawbacks and disadvantages found in the use of each such stripping agents there B-ll83 C-l .~
11'~'7;~'73 may be mentioned the following: undesirable flamma-bility, volatility, odor and toxicity; incomplete removal of all reSist film; effectiveness only on certain resist films; attack of components other than the resist material, such as attack of metal sub-strates by the stripping agent; safety in handling and disposal of the stripper; and the undesired necessity for use at specified elevated temperatures when selected resists are being stripped. Furthermore, the limited stripping capabilities of the stripping agents is a very decided drawback. Additionally, many such strippers are not sufficiently effective against re-sist materials that are subject to a severe post-bak-ing operation thereby limiting their usefulness. In some of the strippers the presence of water is ex-tremely detrimental. Additionally, for those stripp-ing applications re~uiring inertness of the agent to metal substrates, toxicity during handling and diffi-culty of disposal are primary drawbacks.
Summary of the Invention It has now been found that a suitable photoresist stripping composition in which the hereinbefore men-tioned disadvantages and drawbacks are eliminated or substantially reduced and in which the range of use-fulness of the stripping composition is greatly extended can be obtained in accordance with the teach-ings of the present invention. The novel stripping compositions also exhibit a synergistically enhanced stripping action and provide resist stripping capabil-ities not possible from the use of the individual U-1183 C-]
11'~'7;~'73 components used alone as photoresist strippers. The novel stripping compositions of this invention com-prise a mixture of from about 30 to about 90 percent by weight of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of a tetrahy-drothiophene-l,l-dioxide compound.
Even more effective stripping compositions are provided if there is added to the basic mixture either or both of the following materials: from about 3 to about 20 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol and/or from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight of a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The presence of water in the stripping compositions of this invention is not detrimental and can be present in an amount from about 0 to about 10 percent by weight without undue adverse effects resulting.
The invention also relates to the use of such stripping compositions for removing photoresist material from a substrate surface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The stripping compositions of this inventiom com-prise stripping compositions containing from about 30 to about 90 weight percent, preferably from about 45 to about 90 weight percent, more preferably from about 60 to about 70 weight percent, and most preferably about 7n weight percent of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound of the general formula ~0 B-ll83 C-l li'~'îJ;~'73 wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl of l to 3 carbon atom or hydroxyalkyl of l to 3 carbon atoms, and from about lO
to about 70 weight percent, preferably from about 10 to about 55 weight percent, more preferably about 30 to about 40 weight percent, and most preferably about 30 weight percent of a tetrahydrothiophene-l,1-dioxide compound of the general formula ~ R
O O
wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
As examples of 2-pyrrolidinone compounds of the hereinbefore set forth formula suitable for use in the compositions of this invention there may be mentioned, for example, 2-pyrrolidinone, l-methyl-2-pyrrolidi-none, l-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, l-propyl-2-pyrrolidi-none, l-hydroxymethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, l-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and l-hydroxypropyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
As examples of tetrahydrothiophene-l,1-dioxide compounds of the hereinbefore set forth formula suit-able for use in the compositions of this invention there may be mentioned for examples tetrahydrothio-phene-l,l-dioxide, methyl tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide and ethyl tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide.
Especially preferred is tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide.
An even more effective and desirable stripping composition is provided when from about 3 to about 20 weight percent, preferably about 5 to about 15 weight percent, and most preferably about 6 weight percent B -1183 C-l il~7'7~73 polyethylene glycol i9 added to the aforementioned stripping mixture. Another effective and desirable stripping composition is provided when from about 10 to about 30 weight percent, preferably from about 15 to about 20 weight percent and most preferably about 17 weight percent of a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, preferably 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanal, is added to the mixture of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound and a tetrahydrothiophene-l,1-dioxide compound. The diethy-lene glycol monoalkyl ethers that may be employed in the compositions of this invention are those of the formula HOCH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-O-R wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds for use in the compositions of this invention are for example, the monomethyl-, monoethyl-, and monobutyl-ethers of diethylene glycol. Especially preferred is 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol.
A still more preferred stripping composition of this invention comprises a stripping composition wherein all four of the hereinbefore mentioned mater-ials are present in the composition in the weight percents previously stated.
A most preferred stripping composition of this invention comprises a mixture of from about 51% 1-methy1-2-pyrrolidinone, about 26% tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, about 17% 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol and about 6% polyethylene glycol.
While the compositions of this invention can be free of water this is not essential and water can be present in an amount of up to about 10 percent by weight.
B-1183 C-l 11'7'7~73 As exemplary stripping compositions of this invention there can be mentioned the following compositions of Tables IA and IB.
Table IA
Percents by Weight Component Composition A B C D E F G
l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone . 51 50 55 5562 70 60 tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide 26 25 15 1532 30 25 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol 17 13 20 10 -- -- 15 polyethylene glycol 6 12 1020 6 -- --Table IB
Percents by Weight Component Composition H
3-methyl tetrahydrothiophene-l,l-dioxide 30 --2-pyrrolidinone 70 --1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone -- 70 tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide -- 30 In the compositions of this invention any suitable polyethylene glycol may be employed although polethy-lene glycol of a molecular weight of about 200 is preferred.
The stripping compositions of this invention are effective in stripping a wide and varied range of positive photoresists. Most positive photoresists consist of an ortho napthoquinone diazide sulfonic ~ 3 C-l '7;~'î 3 acid ester or amide sensitizer or photoactive compo-nent, with novolak, resole, polyacrylamide or acrylic copolymer type binders or resins. Such positive photoresists are well known in the art. Such resists and sensitizers are described, for example, in United States Patent Nos. 3,046,118; 3,046,121; 3,106,465;
3,201,239; 3,538,137; 3,666,473; 3,934,057;
3,984,582 and 4,007,047. As examples of such positive photoresist compositions for which the stripping com-position of this invention may be used there may be mentioned Eastman Kodak Company photoresist Kodak 809;
J. T. Baker Chemical Company photoresist PR-20;
Philip A. Hunt Chemical Corp. Waycoat HPR 104, HPR
* *
106, HPR 204 and HPR 206 photoresists; Shipley Company * * *
Inc. photoresist AZ-1350, AZ-1350B, AZ-1350H, AZ-1350J, AZ-1370, AZ-1450B, AZ-1450J, AZ-1470, AZ-2400 and AZ-lll; Polychrome Corporation photoresists PC-* *
129, PC-129SF and PC,138; Fuju Chemicals Industrial Co. photoresist FPR-200; and Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co. Ltd.
photoresist OFPR-800.
The stripping compositions of this invention are effective in completely removing photoresist materials from substrates even when they have been subjected to a post-bake treatment at about 1 50C for a period of about one hour.
The stripping compositions of this invention are especially advantageous for numerous reasons among which may be mentioned the following. The stripping compositions remove positive photoresist materials from metal and other substrates without attacking the substrate. The compositions are essentially * Trade Mark s-1183 C-l 11~7'7~'73 non-toxic and are water miscible. The presence of water during the stripping operation is not deleter-ious to the operation of the stripping composition.
Unlike phenolic based strippers the compositions of thls invention require no special handling and are easily disposed of in normal sewage treatment facili-ties. Moreover the bath life and stripping effective-ness of the compositions are for the most part inde-pendent of temperature. Use of the stripping composi-tions of this invention requires only a subsequent rinse with deionized water whereas many prior stripp-ers require the use of additional organic solvents.
The stripping compositions of this invention complete-ly remove difficult-to-remove positive photoresists at about 75C or less whereas some prior art strippers ; require bath temperatures of about 95 to 100C. Also, ; most positive photoresists are completely stripped in about one minute or less while stripping times of 5 to 20 minutes are recommended for many commercial stripping compositions.
Additionally, although l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone itself has been suggested as a stripping agent for certain positive photoresists, said compound is not an effective stripper for various positive photore-sists. It has been unexpectedly found that the stripping compositions of this invention effectively and completely remove positive photoresist material from substrates which photoresist materials are not effectively and completely removed by the individual components of the compositions of this invention.
B-1183 C-l il'7'7;~'73 The effectiveness and unexpected nature of the stripping action of stripping composition of this inven tion is illustrated by the data presented in the follow-ing Table II.
Wafer substrates were coated with positive photo-resist materials according to art recognized procedures and post-baked at about 150C for a period of about 45 minutes to one hour. Stripping baths were maintained at constant temperature with water baths and the post-baked coated wafers were immersed into 600 ml beakers contain-ing the constant temperature stripping compositions with intermittent agitation for the specified times after which the wafer is removed, rinsed in running deionized water and spin dried at 3000 rpm. Strippability was judged by inspection of the wafers to ascertain if any residue was present.
Compositions of this invention, denoted as composi-tions A through I, which correspond in composition to those so designated in Tables IA and IB, are compared to results obtained for the individual components alone for three generally difficult to remove photoresists, namely Shipley's AZ-1350J photoresist, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co.
Ltd.'s OFPR-~00 photoresist and Fuju's FPPR-200 photo-resist.
s-ll83 C-l Table II
Temperature C, Time and % Removal Stripping AZ-1350J OFPR-800 FPPR-200 Composition Photoresist Photoresist Photoresist .
l-methyl-2- 75,ln min., 75,~4.5 min., 25,~2 min., pyrrolidinone ~ 60% ~ 75% ~75%
tetrahydro- 75,8 min., 75,6 min., 25, S min., thiophene-l, ~50% '20~ ~ 50 l-dioxide polyethylene 75,6.5 min., 75,5 min., glycol 200 ~ 60% ~50%
2-(2-ethoxy- 75,6 min., 75,75 min., ethoxy) ~ 60% ~20%
ethanol l-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone 75,2-3 min., 100%
3-methyl 75,l0 min., tetrahydro- ~90%
thiophene-l, l-dioxide 2-pyrrolidi-none 75,90 sec., 100~
A 75,~3.5 min., 75,~4 min., 25, 45 sec., 100% 100% 100%
B 75~,5 min., 100%
75,~3 min., 75,9.5 min., 99% 98%
D 75,5 min., 100%
E 70,l0 min., 70,5 min., 100% l00 F 70,7 to l0 min., 100%
G 75,4 min., 75,4 min., 100% 100%
H 75,45 sec., 100%
I 75,45 sec., 100%
_ 1 1 _ B-1183 C-l li'~'7;~
The above examples are given merely by way of illustration and are not to be considered to limit the invention.
It is anticipated that the stripping compositions of this invention can be used as stripping agents for positive photoresists by contacting the unexposed photoresist on a substrate with the stripping composi-tion in a variety of means, such as by immersion in a stripping bath or by spraying the stripping composi-tion over the surface of the unexposed photoresist.
While the use of the above compositions for stripping photoresist materials from substrates has alone been illustr.ated it will be appreciated that the stripping compositions of the invention are suitable for other uses which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, in the stripping of polymer residues from reaction or curing vessels and the like, or for stripping coatings, such as for example, paints and varnishes and the like, from surfaces.
The stripping compositions of this invention are effective in stripping a wide and varied range of positive photoresists. Most positive photoresists consist of an ortho napthoquinone diazide sulfonic ~ 3 C-l '7;~'î 3 acid ester or amide sensitizer or photoactive compo-nent, with novolak, resole, polyacrylamide or acrylic copolymer type binders or resins. Such positive photoresists are well known in the art. Such resists and sensitizers are described, for example, in United States Patent Nos. 3,046,118; 3,046,121; 3,106,465;
3,201,239; 3,538,137; 3,666,473; 3,934,057;
3,984,582 and 4,007,047. As examples of such positive photoresist compositions for which the stripping com-position of this invention may be used there may be mentioned Eastman Kodak Company photoresist Kodak 809;
J. T. Baker Chemical Company photoresist PR-20;
Philip A. Hunt Chemical Corp. Waycoat HPR 104, HPR
* *
106, HPR 204 and HPR 206 photoresists; Shipley Company * * *
Inc. photoresist AZ-1350, AZ-1350B, AZ-1350H, AZ-1350J, AZ-1370, AZ-1450B, AZ-1450J, AZ-1470, AZ-2400 and AZ-lll; Polychrome Corporation photoresists PC-* *
129, PC-129SF and PC,138; Fuju Chemicals Industrial Co. photoresist FPR-200; and Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co. Ltd.
photoresist OFPR-800.
The stripping compositions of this invention are effective in completely removing photoresist materials from substrates even when they have been subjected to a post-bake treatment at about 1 50C for a period of about one hour.
The stripping compositions of this invention are especially advantageous for numerous reasons among which may be mentioned the following. The stripping compositions remove positive photoresist materials from metal and other substrates without attacking the substrate. The compositions are essentially * Trade Mark s-1183 C-l 11~7'7~'73 non-toxic and are water miscible. The presence of water during the stripping operation is not deleter-ious to the operation of the stripping composition.
Unlike phenolic based strippers the compositions of thls invention require no special handling and are easily disposed of in normal sewage treatment facili-ties. Moreover the bath life and stripping effective-ness of the compositions are for the most part inde-pendent of temperature. Use of the stripping composi-tions of this invention requires only a subsequent rinse with deionized water whereas many prior stripp-ers require the use of additional organic solvents.
The stripping compositions of this invention complete-ly remove difficult-to-remove positive photoresists at about 75C or less whereas some prior art strippers ; require bath temperatures of about 95 to 100C. Also, ; most positive photoresists are completely stripped in about one minute or less while stripping times of 5 to 20 minutes are recommended for many commercial stripping compositions.
Additionally, although l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone itself has been suggested as a stripping agent for certain positive photoresists, said compound is not an effective stripper for various positive photore-sists. It has been unexpectedly found that the stripping compositions of this invention effectively and completely remove positive photoresist material from substrates which photoresist materials are not effectively and completely removed by the individual components of the compositions of this invention.
B-1183 C-l il'7'7;~'73 The effectiveness and unexpected nature of the stripping action of stripping composition of this inven tion is illustrated by the data presented in the follow-ing Table II.
Wafer substrates were coated with positive photo-resist materials according to art recognized procedures and post-baked at about 150C for a period of about 45 minutes to one hour. Stripping baths were maintained at constant temperature with water baths and the post-baked coated wafers were immersed into 600 ml beakers contain-ing the constant temperature stripping compositions with intermittent agitation for the specified times after which the wafer is removed, rinsed in running deionized water and spin dried at 3000 rpm. Strippability was judged by inspection of the wafers to ascertain if any residue was present.
Compositions of this invention, denoted as composi-tions A through I, which correspond in composition to those so designated in Tables IA and IB, are compared to results obtained for the individual components alone for three generally difficult to remove photoresists, namely Shipley's AZ-1350J photoresist, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co.
Ltd.'s OFPR-~00 photoresist and Fuju's FPPR-200 photo-resist.
s-ll83 C-l Table II
Temperature C, Time and % Removal Stripping AZ-1350J OFPR-800 FPPR-200 Composition Photoresist Photoresist Photoresist .
l-methyl-2- 75,ln min., 75,~4.5 min., 25,~2 min., pyrrolidinone ~ 60% ~ 75% ~75%
tetrahydro- 75,8 min., 75,6 min., 25, S min., thiophene-l, ~50% '20~ ~ 50 l-dioxide polyethylene 75,6.5 min., 75,5 min., glycol 200 ~ 60% ~50%
2-(2-ethoxy- 75,6 min., 75,75 min., ethoxy) ~ 60% ~20%
ethanol l-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone 75,2-3 min., 100%
3-methyl 75,l0 min., tetrahydro- ~90%
thiophene-l, l-dioxide 2-pyrrolidi-none 75,90 sec., 100~
A 75,~3.5 min., 75,~4 min., 25, 45 sec., 100% 100% 100%
B 75~,5 min., 100%
75,~3 min., 75,9.5 min., 99% 98%
D 75,5 min., 100%
E 70,l0 min., 70,5 min., 100% l00 F 70,7 to l0 min., 100%
G 75,4 min., 75,4 min., 100% 100%
H 75,45 sec., 100%
I 75,45 sec., 100%
_ 1 1 _ B-1183 C-l li'~'7;~
The above examples are given merely by way of illustration and are not to be considered to limit the invention.
It is anticipated that the stripping compositions of this invention can be used as stripping agents for positive photoresists by contacting the unexposed photoresist on a substrate with the stripping composi-tion in a variety of means, such as by immersion in a stripping bath or by spraying the stripping composi-tion over the surface of the unexposed photoresist.
While the use of the above compositions for stripping photoresist materials from substrates has alone been illustr.ated it will be appreciated that the stripping compositions of the invention are suitable for other uses which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, in the stripping of polymer residues from reaction or curing vessels and the like, or for stripping coatings, such as for example, paints and varnishes and the like, from surfaces.
Claims (32)
1. A stripping composition comprising from about 30 to about 90 weight percent of a 2-pyrrolidinone compound of the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and hydroxy-alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and from about 10 to about 70 weight percent of a tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide compound of the formula wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
2. A composition of claim 1 comprising from about 45 to about 90 weight percent 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and from about 10 to about 55 weight percent tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide.
3. A composition of claim 2 comprising about 70%
1-methy1-2-pyrrolidinone and 30% tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide.
1-methy1-2-pyrrolidinone and 30% tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide.
4. a composition of claim 1 having from about 10 to about 30 weight percent of a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether of the formula wherein R2 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
5. A composition of claim 4 having from about 2 to about 30 weight percent 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol also present in the composition.
6. A composition of claim 5 comprising about 60%
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 25% tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide and about 15% 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol.
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 25% tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide and about 15% 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol.
7. A composition of claim 1 having from about 3 to about 20 weight percent polyethylene glycol also present in the composition.
8. A composition of claim 7 comprising about 62%
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, about 32% tetrahydrothio-phene-1,-1-dioxide and about 6% polyethylene glycol.
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, about 32% tetrahydrothio-phene-1,-1-dioxide and about 6% polyethylene glycol.
9. A composition of claim 5 having from about 3 to about 20 weight percent polyethylene glycol also present in the composition.
10. A composition of claim 9 comprising about 51% 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, about 26% tetrahydro-thiophene-1,1-dioxide, about 17% 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol, and about 6% polyethylene glycol.
11. A composition of claim 9 comprising about 55% 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, about 15% tetrahydro-thiophene-1,1-dioxide, about 10% 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol and about 20% polyethylene glycol.
12. The composition of claim 7 wherein the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol of molecu-lar weight of about 200.
13. The composition of claim 8 wherein the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol of molecu-lar weight of about 200.
14. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol of molecu-lar weight of about 200.
15. The composition of claim 10 wherein the poly-ethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol of molecular weight of about 200.
16. The composition of claim 11 wherein the polyethylene glycol is polyethylene gylcol of molecu-lar weight of about 200.
17. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 1.
18. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 2.
19. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 3.
20. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 4.
21. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 5.
22. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 6
23. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 7.
24. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 8.
25. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 9.
26. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 10.
27. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 11.
28. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 12.
29. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 13.
30. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 14.
31. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 15.
32. A method wherein unexposed photoresist is stripped from a substrate by contacting the unexposed photoresist with a stripping composition, the improve-ment comprising utilizing as the stripping composition the composition of claim 16.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30478781A | 1981-09-23 | 1981-09-23 | |
| US304,787 | 1981-09-23 | ||
| US408,051 | 1982-08-17 | ||
| US06/408,051 US4395479A (en) | 1981-09-23 | 1982-08-17 | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1177373A true CA1177373A (en) | 1984-11-06 |
Family
ID=26974225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000410265A Expired CA1177373A (en) | 1981-09-23 | 1982-08-27 | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4395479A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0075328B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR880002246B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU552507B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1177373A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3270443D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK162729C (en) |
| HK (1) | HK98086A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE53780B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL66737A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY8700157A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO164506C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ201771A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4453984A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for removing electrically conductive paste from a screening mask |
| US4403029A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1983-09-06 | J. T. Baker Chemical Company | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
| US4401747A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1983-08-30 | J. T. Baker Chemical Company | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
| US4791043A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1988-12-13 | Hmc Patents Holding Co., Inc. | Positive photoresist stripping composition |
| JPS60131535A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-13 | エッチエムシー・パテンツ・ホールディング・カンパニー・インコーポレーテッド | Stripping composition for positive photoresist |
| DE3581659D1 (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1991-03-14 | Shipley Co | PHOTO PAINT REMOVER AND METHOD FOR REMOVING PHOTO PAINT. |
| US4617251A (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-14 | Olin Hunt Specialty Products, Inc. | Stripping composition and method of using the same |
| ZA87922B (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-30 | Macdermid Inc | Photoresist stripper composition |
| JPH0721638B2 (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1995-03-08 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | Substrate processing method |
| IE59971B1 (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1994-05-04 | Baker J T Inc | Stripping compositions and their use for stripping resists from substrates |
| WO1988008445A1 (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1988-11-03 | Coroman Industries, Inc. | Graffiti removal composition and method |
| US7205265B2 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 2007-04-17 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Cleaning compositions and methods of use thereof |
| US20040018949A1 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 2004-01-29 | Wai Mun Lee | Semiconductor process residue removal composition and process |
| US5279771A (en) | 1990-11-05 | 1994-01-18 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Stripping compositions comprising hydroxylamine and alkanolamine |
| US5308745A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-03 | J. T. Baker Inc. | Alkaline-containing photoresist stripping compositions producing reduced metal corrosion with cross-linked or hardened resist resins |
| US7144849B2 (en) * | 1993-06-21 | 2006-12-05 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Cleaning solutions including nucleophilic amine compound having reduction and oxidation potentials |
| US5759973A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-06-02 | Olin Microelectronic Chemicals, Inc. | Photoresist stripping and cleaning compositions |
| US5817610A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-10-06 | Olin Microelectronic Chemicals, Inc. | Non-corrosive cleaning composition for removing plasma etching residues |
| US5780406A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-07-14 | Honda; Kenji | Non-corrosive cleaning composition for removing plasma etching residues |
| US6030932A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 2000-02-29 | Olin Microelectronic Chemicals | Cleaning composition and method for removing residues |
| US5939371A (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-08-17 | Martin, Ii; Richard P. | Stripping composition for urethane conformal coatings |
| US7135445B2 (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2006-11-14 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Process for the use of bis-choline and tris-choline in the cleaning of quartz-coated polysilicon and other materials |
| US7579308B2 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2009-08-25 | Ekc/Dupont Electronics Technologies | Compositions and processes for photoresist stripping and residue removal in wafer level packaging |
| US6368421B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-04-09 | Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited | Composition for stripping photoresist and organic materials from substrate surfaces |
| US6413923B2 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2002-07-02 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Non-corrosive cleaning composition for removing plasma etching residues |
| WO2002004233A1 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-17 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Compositions for cleaning organic and plasma etched residues for semiconductor devices |
| US7456140B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2008-11-25 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Compositions for cleaning organic and plasma etched residues for semiconductor devices |
| US7543592B2 (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2009-06-09 | Ekc Technology, Inc. | Compositions and processes for photoresist stripping and residue removal in wafer level packaging |
| US20030171239A1 (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-09-11 | Patel Bakul P. | Methods and compositions for chemically treating a substrate using foam technology |
| US20040038840A1 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2004-02-26 | Shihying Lee | Oxalic acid as a semiaqueous cleaning product for copper and dielectrics |
| US20050089489A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-28 | Carter Melvin K. | Composition for exfoliation agent effective in removing resist residues |
| US20060094612A1 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-04 | Mayumi Kimura | Post etch cleaning composition for use with substrates having aluminum |
| US8026201B2 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2011-09-27 | Az Electronic Materials Usa Corp. | Stripper for coating layer |
| FR2912151B1 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2009-05-08 | Arkema France | FORMULATION OF DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE MIXED WITH AN ADDITIVE FOR LOWERING THE CRYSTALLIZATION POINT OF THE SAME, AND APPLICATIONS OF SAID MIXTURE |
| US8518865B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2013-08-27 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Water-rich stripping and cleaning formulation and method for using same |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1099416A (en) * | 1965-01-25 | 1968-01-17 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Method of incorporating photographic ingredients into a photographic colloid |
| US3673099A (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1972-06-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Process and composition for stripping cured resins from substrates |
| US3932317A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-01-13 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Compositions for removing acrylic based coatings |
| GB1523877A (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1978-09-06 | Vickers Ltd | Processing fo printing plates |
| US4276186A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1981-06-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cleaning composition and use thereof |
| US4304681A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1981-12-08 | Shipley Company, Inc. | Novel stripping composition for positive photoresists and method of using same |
-
1982
- 1982-08-17 US US06/408,051 patent/US4395479A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-08-27 CA CA000410265A patent/CA1177373A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-31 NZ NZ201771A patent/NZ201771A/en unknown
- 1982-09-01 IE IE2119/82A patent/IE53780B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-07 IL IL66737A patent/IL66737A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-10 AU AU88194/82A patent/AU552507B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-17 KR KR8204210A patent/KR880002246B1/en active
- 1982-09-22 DE DE8282108780T patent/DE3270443D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-22 DK DK421882A patent/DK162729C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-22 NO NO823204A patent/NO164506C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-22 EP EP82108780A patent/EP0075328B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-12-11 HK HK980/86A patent/HK98086A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-12-30 MY MY157/87A patent/MY8700157A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU8819482A (en) | 1983-03-31 |
| IE53780B1 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
| EP0075328B1 (en) | 1986-04-09 |
| AU552507B2 (en) | 1986-06-05 |
| NO164506B (en) | 1990-07-02 |
| IL66737A0 (en) | 1982-12-31 |
| DK421882A (en) | 1983-03-24 |
| MY8700157A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
| US4395479A (en) | 1983-07-26 |
| NO164506C (en) | 1990-10-10 |
| DE3270443D1 (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| IL66737A (en) | 1985-09-29 |
| HK98086A (en) | 1986-12-19 |
| DK162729B (en) | 1991-12-02 |
| DK162729C (en) | 1992-04-21 |
| NZ201771A (en) | 1986-01-24 |
| EP0075328A1 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| IE822119L (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| NO823204L (en) | 1983-03-24 |
| KR880002246B1 (en) | 1988-10-20 |
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Effective date: 20020827 |