CA1180966A - Closed wound suction evacuator - Google Patents
Closed wound suction evacuatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1180966A CA1180966A CA000381278A CA381278A CA1180966A CA 1180966 A CA1180966 A CA 1180966A CA 000381278 A CA000381278 A CA 000381278A CA 381278 A CA381278 A CA 381278A CA 1180966 A CA1180966 A CA 1180966A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- container
- rib member
- evacuator
- vacuum
- member means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/64—Containers with integrated suction means
- A61M1/68—Containers incorporating a flexible member creating suction
- A61M1/684—Containers incorporating a flexible member creating suction bellows-type
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An evacuator system comprising a compressible container inside of which is positioned a vacuum assist device.
The vacuum assist device aids in the expansion of the container and in developing a vacuum in the container upon expansion. The vacuum assist device within the evacuator acts to maintain a substantially constant level of vacuum as the evacuator expands while drawing fluids from a closed wound and collecting the fluids in the evacuator container. The evacuator includes an outlet for providing communication between the interior of the container and a drainage tube. The evacuator may include a novel valve mechanism which enables the evacuator to be activated, held in an activated position until needed, and then released from the held position for use to draw fluid from a patient.
An evacuator system comprising a compressible container inside of which is positioned a vacuum assist device.
The vacuum assist device aids in the expansion of the container and in developing a vacuum in the container upon expansion. The vacuum assist device within the evacuator acts to maintain a substantially constant level of vacuum as the evacuator expands while drawing fluids from a closed wound and collecting the fluids in the evacuator container. The evacuator includes an outlet for providing communication between the interior of the container and a drainage tube. The evacuator may include a novel valve mechanism which enables the evacuator to be activated, held in an activated position until needed, and then released from the held position for use to draw fluid from a patient.
Description
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vacuator systems comprising a flexible cont.liner to create a vacuum llave been usecl in the draillage of fluids ~rom tlle humall bocly. One SUCtl prior art contailler is a bellows container which is compressible and resilientLy 1 expandable UpOIl reLease of ma[lually applied pressure, whereby a negative pressure or vacuum of predetermined magnitude is obtained within the container and can be applied to tubing or the like to which the container is connected.
The containers are connected to tubing, preferably plastic, of suitable diameter and length, which tubing is connected to one or more lengtlls of plastic ll wound tubillg, preferably of smaller diameter and of a type and kind compatible ! with human body tissue. Tlle smaller wound tubing is laid Wittlill the wound of a patient for post-operative drainage of the wound. The wound tubing is ; provided with a multiplici:ty of small openillgs of suitable size and in predetermined space relation, whereby upon the application of negative pressure;' from the bellows container to the tubing, fluids are withdrawn from the wound and ttle adjacent tissue area into the tubing, and from the tubing into the container to aid in closir~g the wound and in removing unwanted fluicl, to promote ¦ the healing process. The drainage of the wound is generally continued for a I sufficient period of time to dry the wound.
The prior art e~acuator containers were furtller provided Witil an outlet or vent opening, arranged to be selectively opened or closed by a manually operated valve to, cluring activation of the container, vent the gases in the container. Tlle evacuatc,r container could be further provided with ' support straps, or the like, whereby the container could be conveniently j supported upon a support adjacent to the patient and/or could be carried by the body of the patient.
i Anotller prior art evacuator is described in U. S. Patent Number 3,115,138. Instead of a bellows container, tlle evacuator of tllis patent ¦utilizes a self-contained compressible container including a plurality of isprings disposed between the top and bottom of tlle container, with Lhe !¦ -2-il ~
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opl-osiLt> ends of eacll sl)rillg engagillg tile Loi) an(l bottom, respec:Lively, to ;exert a separatillg force thereoll. The springs act in a similnr manner to ~he , ; compressible and resiliently expalldable walls of the bellows, such tll~t the ; sprlngs withill thc~ compressible container are adapted to be compressed and to S expand to clevelop a vacu~ml on expallsioll. Th~s type of container also inclucles an appropriate means of eoncll-lnicatio-l between the interior of the container and tlle atmosphere and a means providing communication between the interior of , the container and a clrainage tube.
~1 'I'he prior art compressible evacuators, however, have several ' shortcomings in meeting the patient's needs. This type of container tencls to ,experience substantial rapid decrease from maximum negative pressure to a ;,minimum negative pressure during the expansion of the container from the compressed to the normal rest position. They also cannot be stored in the activated position.
()BJECTS OF TIIE IN~ENTION
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object of the present invention is to provide an improved SUCti evacuator system.
~lother objeet of the invention is to provide a suetion evacuator for draining fluids Erom t:he body into a compressible eontainer.
l~nother object of the invention is to provide a suction evacuator utilizing a c,ompressible container and a vaeuum assist means to maintain a constant level of vacuum cluring the draw of the evacuator.
Another object of the invention is to provide a suction evacuator utilizing a compressible container and a vacuum assist means at an economical , cost.
! ~nother object of the invention is to provide a suction evacuator I utilizing a compressible container and a vacuum assist means which is of simplified construction, which may be readily and economically manufactured at a low cost, and which will provide a uniform and reliable vacuum level during , , its use.
i -3-ns~6 Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed wound suction evacuator system comprising a compressible container, a vacuum a!3sist means and a valve means which cooperate for a simple, economic method of draining fluids from a closed wound in a post-operative pxocedure and which maintain a rela-tively uniform level of vacuum while drainins fluids from the wound.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed wound SUCtiOII evacuator system including a valve means which provides for the evacuator to be activated, held in activated position until needed, and then used to draw fluid from a patient.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, an improved surgical evacuator system is provided to induce suction in drainage tubes used i1l draining a wound and to provide a container in which the withdrawn fluid may be collected. Important features of the improved evacuator system include a closed compressible container having top and bottom portions connected by a flexible sidewall. The container is adapted to be compressed and to e~pand to develop a vacuum on expansion. A novel vacuum assist means is disposed within the container to assist in the exPansion o~ the container and in developing the vacuum in the container.
The evacuator further includes an outlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and the atmosphere and an inlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and a drainage tube. The vacuum assist means is comprised of a spider device having two or more rib member means disposed between the top and bottom portions; a positioning means to securely locate the rib member means within the container; a hinge means to allow the rib member means to , - 4 -~ ~8~)9~i move from an extended rest position to a compressed activated position; and a separate mechanical force means engaging exteriorly on the rib member means, which mechanical force means acts in a direction substantially perpendicular the flexible sidewall to return the rib member means to their extended rest position.
When it is stated t:hat the force generating means engages exterior on the rib member n-eans, this means or clarifies that the force means acts on the rib member and is separate from the rib member means. The improved wound evacuator system by combining the vacuum developed by the expansion of the compressible container, such as a bellows container, with the vacuum developed by the expansion of the vacuum assist means develops and maintains~a nearly uniform vacuum during the useful draw of the evacuator system. The improyed wound evacuator may also utilize a novel valve means.
The improved suction evacuator system of the present invention will be described with reference to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention utilizing a bellows container. This embodiment is comprised of a bellows container inside of which is positioned a vacuum assist means and on top of which is a valve means retained by a screw on cap. The bellows container consists of a light-weight elas~omeric plastic material which has a memory such that when the bellows are compressed from a normal rest position and then released a vacuum is developed within the container as the bellows return to the normal rest position. This vacuum in combination with - 4a -19~6 the vacuum created by the vacuum assist means is used to draw fluids from the body into the container.
The amount of negative pressure in the container is directly related to the extent the container is compressed. That is, the more compressed, the greater the negative pressure. When the pressure is released and the bellows container returns to its normal position, the negative pressure developed by the bellows container decreases from a maximum to a minimum.
The vacuum assist means is positioned inside the bellows container in a normal expanded shape. The vacuum assist means may include a hinged spider device, while the separate mechanical force means may be an elastomeric ring. When the bellows container is compressed, the spider device is also compressed. The vacuum assist means utilizes the elastomeric ring which is stretched during the compression to return the spider device from its com-pressed position to its normal expanded shape. The further the spider device is compressed the smaller the required force to hold it down. This reduction in force is due to the changing angle the force of the elastic rirg applies to resist the compression of the spider device. When downward pressure on the bellows container is released, the elastic ring applies a force which acts to return the spider device to its normal expanded shape.
Thus 9 when the bellows container and vac~um assist means are fully compressed, only a small amount of force is being applied by the vacuum assist means to pu!~h the bellows container back to its normal rest position, but as the bellows container moves towards its normal rest position, an in-creasingly greater force is applied by the vacuum assist means to expand the bellows container. The greater force applied by the vacuum assist means toward the end of its expansion relates to an increase in the amount of vacuum developed by the vacuum assist means as the spider device returns to its fully expanded shape. Thus, in the bellows container, as the vacuum developed by the bellows container decreases with outward movement, the vacuum developed by the vacuum assist means increases with outward movement.
The net result is a relative level amount of vacuum developed during the useful draw of the bellows container.
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'I'he novel valve mecllls aLIows tlle evacLIcltor Lo be actlvated, hel(l in an activated position untiL neede(l, and thell used t:o draw fLukls from a patient.l'lle valve meanC has an indic3tor ancl four operative pOSitiOIls: activate ~A),, hold (Il), pDtient (Y), and walL ~suctioll (V), whicll are indicated on the top I portion of the v"lve. 'l`he patient (I') position is aligned with an inLet j ori~ice in the valve turret and tlle waLl suction (V) position is aligned with vent orifice in the valve turret. With tlle valve indicator in the activate (~) position, on compression of the bellows container and the vacuum assist means, I air is e~pel:led and vented Erom tlle container through the wall suction ~V) ' outlet orifice. While the bellows container and the valve assist means are in the compressed position, the valve indicator is rotated from the activate (A)to the hold (H) position. With the valve indicator in the hold (Il) position, the vent orifice [wall suction (V)] and the inlet orifice [patient (P)] are , both closed off sealing the bellows container, and there is no communlcation 'I between the inside of the bellows container and the outside of the bellows container. Ihe SUCtiOII evacuator system can be stored in this condition until ready Eor use.
' The suction evacuator system, with the valve indicator in the hold (~l) position, is available for use. Whell needed, one end of suitable wound I drainage tubing is attached to the inlet nipple on the valve cap and the otherend is attached to a patient's wound. The valve indicator is turned to the patient (Y) position, and a uniform level of vacuum applied to the patient's wound via tlle connecting drain tube. With the drain tube conllected to a , patient's wound, the above procedure can be repeated several times, if necessary, until the bellows container is full of drainage fluid after which the valve indicator can be put in the hold (H) position and the bellows container disconnected from the drainage tube and the patient.
j If desired, the valve indicator can be put into the wall suction (V) llposition and a tube connected to wall suction via the vent nipple, whicll allows 'conununicaLioll between drainage tube, the bellows contailler, and woll SUctiOIl.
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In this mode, suction can be proyided by an outside means and the drainage fluid collected in the bellows container. An advantage of the wall suction position in the removable cap is that this allows the complete cap and valve means with the c~ttached tubing to the patient to be removed and attached to a rigid container for the wall suction mode without disturbing the patient, should this be desirable.
The present invention provides numerous advantages over the presently available closed wound suction evacuator systems. The present invention provides a means which a wound suction evacuator system can develop nearly constant vacuum during its draw cycle, can be stored in the activated state, is easily operated, and is small and light in weight.
It can be seen by the abo~e description that a relatively low cost and reiiable wound suction evacuator system is provided. The bellows con-tainer is cup-shaped, may be formed by relatively simple inexpensive molding techniques, and the entire structure can be made from relatively small number o parts, which roay be easily fabricated and assembled.
The bellows container may be fabricated of relatively inexpensive plastic materials. The vacuum assist means spider device may be fabricated from a single molded piece of plastic~ preferably polypropylene, and easily assembled to form the spider devlce insert, although the spider device may be fabricated rom other materials and does not have to be fabricated in one piece. The elastic ring can be made from a rubber material and made to pro-vide uniform and predictable action in returning the spider device to its expanded shape. Natural rubber is especially good as it has the best strength and return characteristics of the rubbers. Thus, the rubber ring which is relied u~pon to control in part the accuracy of the applied negative pressure, may be accurately fabricated and at relatively low cost.
The same effect that the elastic band has as a force generating membe~ or mechanical force means may also be accomplished by connecting the legs of spider device with springs or any material that is stret~hable or resilient with good return characteristics.
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When the bellows is comprcssecl, this comprcsses thc spidcr devicc alld cauL;es Lhe springs to be stretche(l. I~hell the downward pressure on the container is relea~secl, the springs apply a force which acts to return the spider device to ; its normal expanded sllll-e.
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~5 1 _IEI DESCI~II'TION OF TIIE DI~WINGS
~, In the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts througllout, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a closed wound suction evacuator system showing the bellows container and the valve means retained by a ` screwed on cap constructed in accordance with the present invention.
1~ Figure 2 of the drawings is a vertical section taken thro-lgll the center of the evacuator along line 2-2 of Figure 1 showing tlle valve means, bellows contailler in tlle normal rest position and the vacuum assist means in " its normal expanded shape.
,I Figure 3-of the drawings shows a side plane view of the valve means ~ and a vertical section taken through the center of the bellows container along line 2-2 of Figure 1 illustrating the bellows container and the vacuum assist means in the compressed position.
Figure 4 is an expanded, detailed perspective view of the valve ! means sllowing tlle circular collar, the cap, the valve turret and the valve function indicator.
- Figure 5 of the drawings is a top plane view of the valve means showing the valve indicator, the inlet nipple and the vent nipple.
Figure 6 of the drawings shows partial top plane view of the bellows container and a horizontal cross-section of tlle valve means taken tllrougll line 6-6 of Figure 3. Figure 6 also includes àn adaptor for a non-reflux valve ~ which is attached to the inlet nipple and which is also shown in cross-section.
i Figure 7 of tlle drawings is an enlarged, detailed partial cross-section of tlle bellows container neck sllowing the upper positioning means of ~i the hinged spider device of tlle valve assist means.
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['ig,UIC 8 of ~he drawill~s is a top pLalle vicw of the hillged spi(ler ùevice fLattened out in Lhe form in which it is molded and Sht)W:i.llg ill dott:ed lines reillforcing members of the position.ing .legs, and also ll.lustratlng a particular .Locatillg means whicll may be molded therewitil for retaining the , elastic rnember.
Figure 9 of the draw.ings shows the hillged spider dev.ice of the vacuum assist means assembled and positioned for inserti.ng into the beLlows ; container.
Figure 10 of the clrawings sllows a perspective view of the vacuum l àssist means of Figure 8 in a partially compressed shape.
Figure l.l of the drawings is a side view of an alternate embodimellt for a vacuum assist means in the ullactivated state.
Figure 12 of the drawings is a side view of the vacuum assist mealls of Figure 11 in the activated or compressed state.
15~ Figure 13 of the drawings is a perspective view of the elastic member of the !preferred embodiment whicll is also shown in E'igure 10.
Figure 14 of tlle drawings is a top view of a non-reflux valve whicl : is also shown :in position in Figure 6.
. I , . D~T~LLED DESCRIPTION OF T}iE DR~WINCS
The closed wound suction evacuator system is ill.ustrated in - Figures 1 and 2 showing the bellows container 1 in the expanded normal rest position Witll l:he valve means 10 and valve indicator 19 in the activate I position. Figure 3 shows the bellows container 1 and the vacuum assist means : 39 in the compressed position. The bellows container 1 comprises bottom portion 5, top portion 4 and dome portion 3, and accordion-like bellow folds consisting of ridges 6 and valleys 9. The bellows container is advantageously 'l made of resilient elastomeric material having higil elastic recovery j characteristics, such as polyethylelle or other appropriate material.
'l ~larkings, not showll, may be formed on the sidewall or bottom portion of the .1 ' 96~
I-e.Llows contrli.ller to perlllit rneasurelllent of tlle volume of the .Ikluicl contellt.
The e.Iast.ic mem()ry of the plast:ic material from whicll the bel.:Lows contalner is mnde is such tllat in the normaI rest position it is in the shape ShOWIl :In Figures I alld 2 or tlle clrawillgs. 'I'lle top portiol) 4, the dome portion 3 and the bottom portion 5 are mucll thicker in coml)arison to the side bellows ! folds 6 and 9. 'I`he sicle bel:lows folds 6 and 9 are thinner to allow the container to bc~ compressed and expancled. Tlle thickelled top and bottom ; portions act to restrain the intern.ll vacuum assist means 39 so :it can be I firmly :Located inside wlthout the possibility of protruding throllgll the j surface wllicll could happell if the top and bottom were too thin. Tile thickened top and bottom portions 3, 4 and S thus act as pressure plates to distribute the force applied against the top and bottom surfaces.
The top portion 4 of the bottle is extended inward.Ly to form dome 3 and reduGe diameter neck 2 provided with external threads 7. As showll in !I Figure 4, the cap 12 is constructed with top 13 and depending rim 14 witll internal threads 16-whicll mate with the external threacls 7 of tlle neck 2 of , the bellows container 1 for threaded attachment oE the cap 12 ~o neck 2 of ¦ the bellows container 1. The cap 12 has circular opening 15 througtl whicil , there is extended upwardly the valve turret upper portion 26 while the lower ; valve turret. portion 27 telescopically fits withill the neck 2 of the bellcwscontainer 1. The valve turret 11 about midway between the upper turret portion 26 and the lower turret portion 27 has fixedly connected thereto a ~ horizontal circular flange 3i. Inunediately above the horizontal circular ,i flange 31, there is disposed an annular stop and sealing means 32. The upper ;Ivalve turret portion 26 contains therein wall suction orifice or vent orifice 29 and patient or inlet orifice 28. The vent otifice 29 and inlet orifice 28 .are disposed at an angular distance apart of about 140. The circular .collar 17 of the valve means telescopically, slidingly and sealingly fits over the valve turret u~per portion 26 to form a valve sealing means. The lower portion of circuLar collar 17 abuts and forms a t:ight fit with annular stop alld seaL means 32. Tlle upper portion of collar 17 snaps and loclcs into .
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place ullck~r circul.lr beacl reLaillillg Ille.lnS 33 WlliCI) surro~ ds tl~e peri~ ery of ~he ~;p uf valve turret upl)er portion 26. I`ile circul.ar bead reta.inillg mealls 33 1 serves to snap ccl.lar 17 downwar(ll.y in place whlle at the sallle time seallng I ~he top portion Or circnlar col:Lar 17.
1! Tlle circu.Lar collar 17 :is sealingLy alld slidingly ~:Lttecl to the - l upper valve turret portioll 26 to form a tigilt seal valve means and allow , rotation of collar 17 about and around the va.lve turret upper portion 26. Ihecircular collar 17 contains integral therewitll hollow inlet nipp.Le 18 havillg on the top thereof valve indicator 19 for selectively pos:itioning the circular , collar 17 on t.he valve turret upper port:ion 26. Inlet nipple 18 contains ,j inlet tube retaining means 20 whicll forms a tight sealing fit with an inlet or ! drainage plastic tube not showll. The interior of the bell.ows container and oE
circular ring 17 comlllunicate with the drainage tube (not ShOWll) thrOUgll orifice 21 in the inlet nipple 18. The circular collar 17 also has lntegrally !I therewith hollow vent nipple 22 having tube retaining means 23. The interior I of the bellows container and of circular collar 17 communicate with the vent ,1 outlet tube (not shown) througll orifice 24 in the vent nipple 22.
The valve means 10 is assembled on the bellows container 1 by first telescopically fitting the valve turret lower portion 27 into the opening 8 of neck 2 of the bellows container 1. Tlle cap 12 is thell screwed onto the neck 2 by the internal tllreacls 16 of the cap and ma~ing external threads 7 of the neck 2 to Eorm a tight sealing fit with the neck 2 of bellows container 1.
_ The circular collar 17 is then telescopically Eitted over the valve turret l upper portion :26 and snapped in place over circular retaining means 33. The , top surface of the valve turret upper portion 26 is suitably printed or marked to make function indicator 30 whicll shows the positions to whicil valve indicator 19 may be pointed to carry out the various functions of the valve means.
Il The vacuum assist means 39 is inserted into the bellows container 1prior to attachillg the va.lve means 10 to the bellows container 1. The i 6 ~
vacuum assist means 39 includes ~ hinged plastic spider d~vice and elastomeric ring 61 which acts as the mechanical ~orce means. The spider device includes two or more rib member means, such as rib memb~rs 47 and 48, disposed between th~ t~p portion 4 and ~he ~ottom portion 5 of the evacuator. The vacuum ass:ist means further includes a positioning means t~ securely locate the rib member means within the container. ThP top portion of the vacuum assist means is held in position in the neck 2 and dome 3 of bellows container 1 by arm Positioning members 42. ~rm positioning member 42 is integrally connected to arm member 44 which is ~ingedly connected to top plate 40 by hinge means 53.
The arm member 44 is ~trengthened by arm reinforcing memhers 43.
The top plate 40 is strengthened by top plate reinforcing memhers 41.
Integrally connected to tlle top poreion of top plate 41 are connecting and locking means l~S having an opening 46 through which bayonette members 49 of first and second rib members 47 are inserted and locked into place. ln the embodiment shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the first and second rib members 47 conllect top plate 40 to bottom plate 57. The first and second rib members 47 hAve an upper portion which are hingedly connected by hinge means 50 to a lower portion at a point about m~dway be~ween the rib members. There is a third rib member 48, also connecting the top plate 40 to bottom plate 57. The third rib member 48 also has a hinge means 50 about midway between its upper portion and lower portion. ~bout midway between the rib members 47 and rib member 48 approximate to the hinge means 50, there is an elastomeric ring 61 which is held in place by elastic ring positioning means 62 which holds the elastic ring 61 operably in position. The lower portion of the rib members 47 and 48 are hingedly connected to bottom plate 57 by hinge means 51. The hinge means 53 of the arm members 42, the hinge means 54 of the upper plate 40, the hinge means 50 of the rib members ~7 and 48, and the hinge means 51 of the lower plate 57 are formed from a flexible portion of the ns~
material from which the hinged plastic spider device is molded.
Tlle lower portion of the hinged plastic spider device is held in position in the bellows container 1 by leg positioning members 58. The leg posltioning members 58 are reinforced by leg reinforcing members 59.
The valve means 10 is further described with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings. The valve means 10 comprises valve turret 11 consisting of valve turret upper portion 26 and valYe turret lower portion 27.
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~hollt mi(1way bet.wcell Lhe llpper al~(l lower port:ion of val.ve Lurret Ll, tllcrc is i dispo~se~l hori~olltal c:ircular fklnge 3l. Imme~iately above flange 3.1 .is annular stop an(l seal means 32. Ihe valve turret upper portion 26 contains vent orifice 29 alld inlet oriiice 28. rhe top of valve turret upper portion 26 j contains circular bead reta:inillg means 33. rhe valve cap 12 fits over uppcr , porticn 26 of the turret 1~ and when threa(lecl onto neck 2 of bellows container . ', 1 1 tigl~t.ly seals horizolltal circular f.l.ange 31 to the top portion oE necl~ 2 of bellows container 1 by the action of interllal threads 16 on cap 12 and externaL tllreaùs 7 on neck 2 of the bellows container 1. The circular collar :L7 telescopically fits over the valve turret upper portion 26 to slidingly and sealingly form the operational part of the valve means 10. The lower portion of circular collar 17 is sealed against annular stop and seal means 32 and the upper portion of circular collar 17 is snapped over circular retaining means 33 held in place and sealed by circular retaining means 33.
The circular collar 17 has integrally connected thereto hollow inlet nipple 18 having on the top thereof valve :indicator 19. The inlet nipple 18 has at the outer portion thereof inlet tube retaining means 20 by which a drainage tube, not showll, may be sealingly connected to the inlet nipple 18. Communication between tile interior of bellows container 1 and of the drainage tube (not shown) is provicled by orifice inlet 21 of nipple 18 and .inlet orifice 28 of upper turret pcrtion 26. The in:let nipple 18 may also be provided with an adaptor 77 as shown in Figure 6. The adaptor 77 allows a non-reflux valve 78 - to be positiolled to cover the orifice inlet 21. The non-reflux valve 78 is also shown in Figure 14. The valve 78 is preEerably made oE natural latex , rubber and is only .010 inches thick. The valve 78 has two curved die cuts 76.The valve 78 :is a variation of a leaf valve. The valve 78 acts to prevent retrograde flow of fluid. The adaptor 77 may be made of vinyl, and if used, is ~ preferably bonded to the inlet nipple 18 to become a rigid attachment. The adaptor 77 locates the valve 78 between the orifice inlet 21 of the inlet ; nipple 18 and the collar 80 of the adaptor 77. The collar 80 provides a decreased diameter :in the bore 81 to allow the valve 78 to be held in place.
i ~ ~n9~i6 Ihe bore 81 rulls Lllrollgll the adap~or 77 to provicle communicaLiorl betwe~er~ e tubing ~not showll) alld the inlet orifice 28. If the adaptor is used, the tubillg (not showll) may be sealillgly collnected to the adaptor 77. The circular collar 17 has disllosed cLockwisc at all angulclr distance of about 140 from i nipple 18 hollow vent nipple 22 having vent tube retaining means 23 thereon.
i ' A vent tube or a wall SUCtiOII tube (not shown) may be sealingly connected to vent or outlet nipple 22 by vent tube retaining means 23. Communication between the interior of bel1Ows cuntainer 1 alld of a vent tube or wall suction tube is ' provided by oriflce outlet 24 in ho]low vent nipple 22 and vent orifice 29.
I`he top of valve turret mealls 11 is provided wit!l function indicator 30. The function indicator 30 may have printed or otherwise marked thereoll a V over vent orifice 29, a P over inlet orifice 28. The P or patient position is anglllarly spaced about 140 clockwise from the V or wall suction position. All ~ or activate position is allgularly spaced about 80 clockwise , from the P or patient position. Accordingly, the V position is angularly spaced about 14() clockwise from the A position. A H or hold position is spaced about midway between the P and A positions. It is understood that the angular spacing in tile va1ve mealls 10 may be set up diEferently as long as the position alignmellt described in the following two paragraphs is achievecl.
As illustrated in l~igure 4 of the drawings when valve indicator 19 is aligned with tl~e wall suction position V, and hence aligned with ven~ orifice 29, inlet nipple 18 is aligned with vent orifice 29 and vent nipple 22 is - aligned with inlet orifice 28. In this position, a wall suction tube (not SilOWIl) attached to vent nlpple 22 can clraw a suction on the interior of an 2S ; evacuator container and a drainage tube (not shown) attached to inlet nipple 18, thereby providing suction to a closed wound. As previously stated, when it is desirab1e to use wall suction, it is more desirable to use a rigid container than a collapsible container such as the bellows container 1. With the wall Il suction adaption means built in to the removable valve 10, this allows the complete valve mealls 10 Witil tubing (not showll) to be transferred to an l apl)ropriate rigid contailler WitilOlJt disturbillg the patiellt. Ir the wall suction ,i ! -14-i1 .
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is u;od dire~ctLy on ~lle l>cLlows eolltliller L, IL wilL callsc ~lle bclLowl; to Icollapse. Il~erefore, not s mucll flui(l is caL)Ible of being collectecl.
; Wllell tlle circular coLlar 17 is positioned as sl~own in ~igure I wiLI
valve indic<ltor 19 aligned witll activatt! pOSiti(lll A of functioll in(licator 3(), , tlle bellows conL<Iiller 1 can be coLlal)sed as sllowll in ligure 3 and air in Lhe beLlows contailler vente(l Lllrougll vent orifice 29 and vent nipple 22. ~len tile valve indicator L9 is aligned with the llold 1~ position, botll the vent orifice29 and Llle inlet orifice 28 are seaLed by circular collar 17 al~d tlle bellows container 1 can be maintalned in the active position coml)ressed as shown in IQ ligure 3. I~ilen it is desired to use the in(ltpelldently operable closed wound suction evacuator system, a drainage tube (not sllowll) is attaclled to inlet nipple 18 an(l the valve indicator L9 aligned with the patient P position tlle functioll indicator 30, i.e. with the inLet oriEice 28. The collar 17, whell the valve in(licator 19 is in the P position, seals vent oriflce 29 such tlat-a SUCtiOIl is applied to the clrainage tube as the bellows container 1 returns to its expanded normal rest position. Figure 6 illustrates two O-rings 79, one which is provided to seal off the inlet orifice 28 and one to seal off the vent orifice 29 from the atmospllere.
The vacuum assist means 39 is described in more detaiI with reference to ligures 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the drawings wllich a]so illustrate a conveniellt metllod of manu~acture and assembly of the vacuum assist means.
Tlle Figure 7 of the drawings is an enlarged detailed partial cross-section of tlle bellows container 1, neck 2 and the upper arm positiolling members 42 of the hinged spider device of the valve assist means 39.
i The Figure 8 shows a top plane view of the single-piece hinged plastic spider device in tlle manner that it is laid out as ormed by molding in a single piece. Tlle hinged plastic spider device is preferably formed from elastomeric polypropylene in a manller SUCIl that it has flexible hinge means 53;,connecting arm members 44 to top plate 40, flexible hinge means 54 connecting i rlb membel- 48 to top plate 40, flexible hinge means 50 positioned about midway ! between rib members 47 anl 48, flexible hinge means 56 connecting tile bottom of rib melllbers 47 and 48 with the bottom plate 57, and fle.Yible hillge mealls 60 _ . l i.
~ ~8()9~g connectiIlg Irg posiLioIliI)g melllbet~s 58 ~o boLtom platc 57. [lle ul)l)er armpOsitiouillg meaIls comprises top plate 40 to whicll there is hiIlgedl.y connectecI
arm meIl1t)ers 44 and arm posLtloIlillg members 42. I`lle arm members 44 containtheir lower ~surface arm reiIl~orcillg members 43. The lower surfclce of top plate 40 hlve to~) plate reinForciIlf members 41. TlIe ~irst aI-d second rib members 47 have at Lhèir extreme end bayoIlette members 49 whicII are hinged to the upper portiolI of the rib members 47. TIIe bayonette members 49 fit througl an(l lock into openings 46 oE conIlectillg and .Locking means 45. The bayonette members 49 are theIl sealed to the top plate 40. The connecting and locking means 45 are integrally conIlected to the top plate 40 (see also Figure 7).
. The third rib member 48 connects the top plate 40 to the bottom plate 57. TlIefirst and second rib members 47 whell conIlected by bayonette member 49 to connecting and locking means 45 serve to connect the top plate 40 to the bottom plate 57. lhe first and second rib members 47 and third rib member 48 , have rib reinforcing members 52. The bottom portion of the hiIlged plastic spider device is held in place in the bellows container 1 by leg positioning . members 58 whicII are hingedly conlIected by lIinge means 60 to bottom plate 57.
The leg positioning members 58 have leg reinforcing members 59.
~ ! f' Or"1Q~ 6~
~ ~ The hiIlged plastic spider device after being_~e~mex~r molding is laid out as illustrated in Iiigure 8. The first and second rib memi)ers 47 are then connected to the top plate 40 as previously discussed. The arm members 44 are extended by hiIlge means 53 vertically upward and the leg positioning members 58 are extended by tlle hilIge mealIs 60 vertically downward and the rib~ members 47 and 48 are positioned so that they Eorm an essentially vertical I straight line as shown in Figure 9. Prior to inserting the hinged plastic spider device into the bellows container 1 the elastomeric ring 61 must be ' placed around tlle rib members 47 and 48. The elastomeric ring 61 is retained 1 in position by elastomeric ring positioning members 62 as shown in ~igures 2 3, l 8, 9 and 10, although the preferred configuration of the elastomeric ring positioning means 62A is shown in Figures 8 and 10. The preferred positioning . .
I; -16-~ ~ns6~
mearls o2A inclu<k~x a palr Or cllrvei mellll)ers, 62A on eacll rib members ~7 all(l ~l locatecl near tlle hillge mc!all~s 50. One portion of the pair of curved memberc;
procrude~s from one side of the ullper portion of each rib member ~l7 and ~8 alld is curvcd clowllwarcl ancl Llle other portioll protrudes from the opl)osite side Or tlle lower portioll of eacll rib melllber 47 ancl 48 and is curved upward. The elastomeric ring 61 is llelci in place by these positioning members 62A as silown in Figure lO. The preferred embodiment of the elastic ring is showll in Figures 10 ancl 13, and is preferably made of natural rubber. Tlle hinge pLasticj spider clevice is thcn inserted througll the opening 8 in the neck 2 oE bellows I container 1, the leg positioning members 58 extended outwardly in the bottom of the bellows container 1 and the arm members 42 extended outwardly to position the hinged plastic spider device within the bellows container 1 as shown in Figures 10 and 2 and 3 of tlle drawings.
After positioning the vacuum assist means 39 in the bellows ~ container 1, the valve means 1O is assembled onto the bellows container 1 in the manner previously described above.
It is understood that the spider device may be made with two or more positioning arm members, two or more rib members and two or more positioning ; leg members. The preferred embodiment of tile invention utilizes three arm members, three rib members and tllree leg members. In all embodiment where four rib members are used, either one or two bayonette connecting means ma~ be used, dependillg on how the spider device is molded. The rib members, as before, ~ alterllate witll tile positioning leg members and the positionillg arm members.
Altenlate configurations for the spider device will be discussed further on.
OPERI~TION OF TilE PREFRRED E~BODI~INT
:
.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is described wi~h reference to Figures 1 to 6 of tlle drawings.
Tlle closed wound evacuator system, as illustrated in ligures 1 and 2 of the drawillgs, comprises a bellows contailler 1 inside of whic:ll is positioned æ ~ 8 ~
a vacuunl a.s.~i~L m-alns 3') alld on ~p of wllich is a va.Lvc mcalls L() retaine(l by a I screw on cap 13.
¦ Tlle l)cl.Lows contailler 1 is shown in its normal at rest position (P;igures 1 and 2) and the vilcuu1n nssist me.lns 39 is shown in its normal ex~allded S I shape (I.igure 2). I`he valve indicator 19 Ol~ inLet ni.pple 18 i.s sllowll (ligurcs ', 1 and 2) aligned with tlle activate position ~ On the funct:ion indicator 30.In this position, inLet orifice 28 :is sealed by circular collar 17 and vent nipplc :22 is aligned with vent orifice 29. As downward pressurc is applied to the top of the bellows container 1 to a~ially compress downwardly the top 4 towards the bottom 5 oE the be.l.lows container 1, air in the bellows contairler , is expclled and vented to tlle atmosphere through vent orifice 29 and vent nipple 22 to activatc tlle suction evacuator system. The downward compression l of the bellows contailler 1 also compresses downwardly the hillged plastic : spider clevice of the vacuum assist means 39 (Figure 3). After compression of , the bell.ows container 1 and the hinged plastic spider device to the activated! pOSitiOII, the valve indicator 19 on inlet nipple 18 of the va.Lve means 10 isrotated to align the valve indicator 19 witll the hold pOsitioll ~l on the function indicator 30 (see Figures 5 and 6). Aligning the valve indicator 19 with the I hold position ~I causes the inner surface of circular collar 17 to close off '; and seal both inlet orifice 28 and vent orifice 29 of the valve turret upper portion 26, and allows the SUCtiOIl evacuator system to be maintained in the hold, activated position ulltil ready for use.
After activatioll of the suction evacuator system, as part of a , post-operative procedure, a drainage tube (not shown) is inserted into a I surgical wound and the wound closed. The drainage tube is then slidingly connected to inlet nipple 18 and forms a tight sealing fit with the inlet tube retaining means 20. The valve indicator 19 is then aligned with the patient position P on function indicator 30 whicll aligns inlet nipple 18 with ,I the inlet orifice 28. The inner surface of the circular collar 17 closes off 1 and seals vent orifice 29. Upon release of the manual compressillg force i : ' " al)d/or mereLy by turnillg Lhe valve Lndicntor :L9 to tlle patient position 1~, Lhc il resiliency of tlle corrugated bellows sidewalls of bellows con-ail~er 1 ~nd the force applied by the stretclled circular elastomeric ring 61 o~ the hiilged I spi(ler device oE the vacuum assist mealls 39 act in combinat:ion, i.e. coact to l expand the bellows conta:irler 1 to its normal rest position and to exl)all(l the hinged plastic spider device of the vacuum assist means 39 to its normal expanded shape. This coaction develops a negative pressure within the bellows contaillcr 1 whicll in turll clevelops a suction transmitted througll the drainage , tube (not showll) to the closed wound to draill from the wound whatever fluid j may have been collected in the wound. The fluid is drained through the hollow , drainage tube and collected in the bellows container 1. Because the wound is closed, air does not enter into the drainage ;ube and/or the bellows contailler to disturb the operation of the bellows container and as the bellows container continues to expand slowly, it fills with drained fluid. While this takes 1' place, tlle evacuation system may be attached on or positioned adjacent to tlle patient by suitable means. In operation, as the bellows container is expandeù
' and the vacuum developed by the bellows container decreases with the outward movement, the vacuum developed by the vacuum assist means increases with the outward movement of the llillged plastic spider ùevice of the vacuum assist I means. The net result is a constant relatively level amount o~ vacuum being developed during tlle useful draw of the bellows container and applied to the fluids in the closed woulld.
If for any reason suction is broken and the bellows contailler expands I without drawing Eluid into its interior, the suction can be reestablished I merely by moving the valve indicator 19 to the activate position ~, compressing ; the bellows container to vent air to the atmosphere and to then turn the valveindicator to the patient position P. ~s before, the expansion of the bellows ~I container and the expansion of the vacuum assist means will develop a negative ;~ pressure in the bellows container and a suction in the drainage tube. Whell ~I tile bellows contailler is filled, the valve should be moved to tlle hold ~l !
1, .
1 1 .
g~
posit.i~-~n to clo.5e off thc wound 11~ l eitller tlle Ill.LC!t orif.ice 28 or ~lle vent orifice 29 allcl Lhell the valve means with woulld tubing still attaciled~ can be ! detachecl from the contalncr ancI clisposed of as clesired. ~ new unit may ther be attacllecI to Lhe draillage tube and the operation repeated unt:il furtIIer ~I drainage of the patient's wouncl ;s unlIecessary. This allows the container to be emll:ie~i or changecl witllollt disturbing the patient and without directly exposing the wound to the atmosphere since the still. connected tubing is blockecl off from direct contact with the atmosphere by the valve means being in the llolcl II positioll.
'I _Lr ~TI F~IBO~I~IENTS
It is uIlderstood that this invention may have numerous embodiments, varying certain features without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, the spider device does not have to be manufactured ~! from plastic and it also does not have to be manufactured in one piece.
1 ~ y suitable material such as ligllt weight metal may be used for the rib members of the spider device. Two or n:ore rib members may be used in the spider device. Tllese rib members may be located in the device by any convenient means and not necessarily by arm positioning members and leg positioning members. For example, the bottom plate 57 of the spider device could be ~! located over a protruding stud on the bottom portion of tile evacuator. ~ny other conventioIlal locating or fastening means can be used ta hingedly connect the rib members to the top and bottom portions of the evacuator. Also, any convenient hinge means can be used to conIlect the top portion oE the ribs to , the bottom portion of the ribs. The hinges do not have to be integral Witll the ribs as in the molded embodiment of the spider device. The molded single piece spider device is a unique and convenient way of manufacturing the spider :1 i !~ device :in one simple piece.
., 1, ~ I .
6~
The elastic ring positioning and locating members on the ribs also may utilize any convenient position;ng means to retain the elasti~ ring in place about the hinged ribs. In fact, as previously mentioned in the Summary of [nvention, it is even possible to use springs as a mechanical force means to connect the ribs such that as the spider device is compressed it causes the springs to expand or stretch. When the downward restraint is released, the springs apply a force which act to return the spider device to its normal expanded shape.
The mechanical vacuum assist device may also be used in any evacuator device having a supporting top and bottom with compressible sides in between, and not just in bellows-type evacuators. The purpose of the spider device is to assist in creating a relatively constant vacuum level while drawing fluids from a closed wound. For example, a spider device may be incorporated into the style of evacuators shown in U.S. Patent No.
3,115,138. The devices described in U.S. Patent No. 3,115,138 which include springs fixedly engaged between a top and bottom of the enclosed evacuator and having compressible sides may utilize a spider assist device.
When the evacuator is compressed~ the springs are compressed~ When the compressive pressure is released, the springs act to expand the evacuator. Much like the bellows container, this type of spring device ex-periences a rapid decrease from maximum negative pressure to a minimum negative pressure during the expansioll of the container from the compressed to normal position. If a spider assist device is utilized in this type of evacuator, when the evacuator and spider assist device are compressed, upon release of the compressive force, initially only a small amount of force is being applied by the vacuum assist device to push the container back to its normal rest position, but as the evacuator container moves toward its normal rest position, an increasingly greater force is applied by the vacuum assist or spider assist means to expand the container, and hence an increase in the amount of vacuum developed by the spider device as it returns to its ex-panded condition. The net result in combination with the spring mechanism, is a relative level amount of vacuum developed during the useful draw of the container.
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3 ~ 9~6 If the overall force crcated from starL to ~lnisll of the spider device is viewe(l, the L'orce whell a vacuum assist mealls is compressed is minLm.lL alld begills to increase as the spLder devicc exl)al~ds. 'I'he force the levels of and then clrops back to zero when the device is fuLly back to rest positio~l.
Since the spider device can be designed to create a linear force, it' therefore can have a Linear stroke. It is possil-le to use the spider device as the so~e menlls of expandillg a compressible evacuator (i.e. no beLlows mechallism is used and no sprillgs Eixedly attached between the top and bottom of the ~ compressible contailler are used), and still obtain a relative level amount of ' vacuum. The container can be made so that only the middle or center portion of the stroke of tlle spider device is used. Ior example, if a spider device is capable of being compressed 6 inclles from its fully expandecl state to its fully compressed statc, it is possible to utilize this device in an evacuator sized to prevent the device from being fully expanded or fully compressed. I~ence, only tlle center of the stroke is used. In this way, it is still possible to obtain a relative level amount of vacuum during the useful draw of the evacual:or which is the clesired objective, and the main purpose in using the spider vacuum assist mechallism.
In the bellows device, described in tl~e preferred embodimellt, it was stated that the top and bottom portions of the evacuator should be thicker than - the sides to act as a pressure pJate. In the bellows device the pressure plate is integrally incorporated in the plastic evacuator. It is also possible to have the pressure plates separate from the actual container, but located within the container against the top and bottom portioll, whicll is done in some currently available compressible evacuators.
furtller mo(lified embodiment of the spider assist device is ustr.lted in Figures 11 and 12. The device is shown located between the top and bottom pressure plates 70 and 71, but is not shown within an evacuator.
9 ~; ~
1 I:igure 11 iLLu~cr.ltes Ll~e device in tlle expandc!d or rest con(liti(~
j ~lthough tlle device may be ma(le with two or more rib members, Lhe ernbodimenL
showll consists of 2 rib melllbers 72 whicll are hingedly attached to the top , pressure plate 70 at hillge mealls 91. The bottom of tlle ribs 72 are each hinge(lly attacllecl by a hinge mealls 92 to a pus11er means 93 whicll is ]ocated against an end of a longitu(linal sprillg 73. The springs 73 are located on tlle bottom pressure plate 7L~ and eacll retained longitudinally in a spring retainillg means 90. Wllen the spider device is positioned in a compressible evacuator and the evacuator and spider device are compressed or activated, the sprillgs 73 are also compressed. Upon release from this position, this embodiment of the spider device acts in the same manller as the previously described spider devices by the springs 73 pushillg inwardly at the hinge means 92 to create a linear force whicll initially is minimal and begins to increase as tlle spider clevice expandc;. It therefore can be used in the same manner as the previously described spider assist devices for assisting in creating a relative leve]
amount of vacuum in a compressibLe evacuator.
Tile improved closed wound suctioll evacuator system o~ the present invention develops a constallt nearly level vacuum during the useful draw cycle of the bellows container. It also allows the system to be stored in the activated state until ready for use, is easy to operate, is small and light-weight and can be easily attached to a patient.
While this invention has been described in terms of its preferrecl _ embodimellt and various modifications, those skillecl in the art can appreciate ' that other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
Il ,, ., , ,l -23-
vacuator systems comprising a flexible cont.liner to create a vacuum llave been usecl in the draillage of fluids ~rom tlle humall bocly. One SUCtl prior art contailler is a bellows container which is compressible and resilientLy 1 expandable UpOIl reLease of ma[lually applied pressure, whereby a negative pressure or vacuum of predetermined magnitude is obtained within the container and can be applied to tubing or the like to which the container is connected.
The containers are connected to tubing, preferably plastic, of suitable diameter and length, which tubing is connected to one or more lengtlls of plastic ll wound tubillg, preferably of smaller diameter and of a type and kind compatible ! with human body tissue. Tlle smaller wound tubing is laid Wittlill the wound of a patient for post-operative drainage of the wound. The wound tubing is ; provided with a multiplici:ty of small openillgs of suitable size and in predetermined space relation, whereby upon the application of negative pressure;' from the bellows container to the tubing, fluids are withdrawn from the wound and ttle adjacent tissue area into the tubing, and from the tubing into the container to aid in closir~g the wound and in removing unwanted fluicl, to promote ¦ the healing process. The drainage of the wound is generally continued for a I sufficient period of time to dry the wound.
The prior art e~acuator containers were furtller provided Witil an outlet or vent opening, arranged to be selectively opened or closed by a manually operated valve to, cluring activation of the container, vent the gases in the container. Tlle evacuatc,r container could be further provided with ' support straps, or the like, whereby the container could be conveniently j supported upon a support adjacent to the patient and/or could be carried by the body of the patient.
i Anotller prior art evacuator is described in U. S. Patent Number 3,115,138. Instead of a bellows container, tlle evacuator of tllis patent ¦utilizes a self-contained compressible container including a plurality of isprings disposed between the top and bottom of tlle container, with Lhe !¦ -2-il ~
~ 18()9~
opl-osiLt> ends of eacll sl)rillg engagillg tile Loi) an(l bottom, respec:Lively, to ;exert a separatillg force thereoll. The springs act in a similnr manner to ~he , ; compressible and resiliently expalldable walls of the bellows, such tll~t the ; sprlngs withill thc~ compressible container are adapted to be compressed and to S expand to clevelop a vacu~ml on expallsioll. Th~s type of container also inclucles an appropriate means of eoncll-lnicatio-l between the interior of the container and tlle atmosphere and a means providing communication between the interior of , the container and a clrainage tube.
~1 'I'he prior art compressible evacuators, however, have several ' shortcomings in meeting the patient's needs. This type of container tencls to ,experience substantial rapid decrease from maximum negative pressure to a ;,minimum negative pressure during the expansion of the container from the compressed to the normal rest position. They also cannot be stored in the activated position.
()BJECTS OF TIIE IN~ENTION
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object of the present invention is to provide an improved SUCti evacuator system.
~lother objeet of the invention is to provide a suetion evacuator for draining fluids Erom t:he body into a compressible eontainer.
l~nother object of the invention is to provide a suction evacuator utilizing a c,ompressible container and a vaeuum assist means to maintain a constant level of vacuum cluring the draw of the evacuator.
Another object of the invention is to provide a suction evacuator utilizing a compressible container and a vacuum assist means at an economical , cost.
! ~nother object of the invention is to provide a suction evacuator I utilizing a compressible container and a vacuum assist means which is of simplified construction, which may be readily and economically manufactured at a low cost, and which will provide a uniform and reliable vacuum level during , , its use.
i -3-ns~6 Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed wound suction evacuator system comprising a compressible container, a vacuum a!3sist means and a valve means which cooperate for a simple, economic method of draining fluids from a closed wound in a post-operative pxocedure and which maintain a rela-tively uniform level of vacuum while drainins fluids from the wound.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed wound SUCtiOII evacuator system including a valve means which provides for the evacuator to be activated, held in activated position until needed, and then used to draw fluid from a patient.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, an improved surgical evacuator system is provided to induce suction in drainage tubes used i1l draining a wound and to provide a container in which the withdrawn fluid may be collected. Important features of the improved evacuator system include a closed compressible container having top and bottom portions connected by a flexible sidewall. The container is adapted to be compressed and to e~pand to develop a vacuum on expansion. A novel vacuum assist means is disposed within the container to assist in the exPansion o~ the container and in developing the vacuum in the container.
The evacuator further includes an outlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and the atmosphere and an inlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and a drainage tube. The vacuum assist means is comprised of a spider device having two or more rib member means disposed between the top and bottom portions; a positioning means to securely locate the rib member means within the container; a hinge means to allow the rib member means to , - 4 -~ ~8~)9~i move from an extended rest position to a compressed activated position; and a separate mechanical force means engaging exteriorly on the rib member means, which mechanical force means acts in a direction substantially perpendicular the flexible sidewall to return the rib member means to their extended rest position.
When it is stated t:hat the force generating means engages exterior on the rib member n-eans, this means or clarifies that the force means acts on the rib member and is separate from the rib member means. The improved wound evacuator system by combining the vacuum developed by the expansion of the compressible container, such as a bellows container, with the vacuum developed by the expansion of the vacuum assist means develops and maintains~a nearly uniform vacuum during the useful draw of the evacuator system. The improyed wound evacuator may also utilize a novel valve means.
The improved suction evacuator system of the present invention will be described with reference to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention utilizing a bellows container. This embodiment is comprised of a bellows container inside of which is positioned a vacuum assist means and on top of which is a valve means retained by a screw on cap. The bellows container consists of a light-weight elas~omeric plastic material which has a memory such that when the bellows are compressed from a normal rest position and then released a vacuum is developed within the container as the bellows return to the normal rest position. This vacuum in combination with - 4a -19~6 the vacuum created by the vacuum assist means is used to draw fluids from the body into the container.
The amount of negative pressure in the container is directly related to the extent the container is compressed. That is, the more compressed, the greater the negative pressure. When the pressure is released and the bellows container returns to its normal position, the negative pressure developed by the bellows container decreases from a maximum to a minimum.
The vacuum assist means is positioned inside the bellows container in a normal expanded shape. The vacuum assist means may include a hinged spider device, while the separate mechanical force means may be an elastomeric ring. When the bellows container is compressed, the spider device is also compressed. The vacuum assist means utilizes the elastomeric ring which is stretched during the compression to return the spider device from its com-pressed position to its normal expanded shape. The further the spider device is compressed the smaller the required force to hold it down. This reduction in force is due to the changing angle the force of the elastic rirg applies to resist the compression of the spider device. When downward pressure on the bellows container is released, the elastic ring applies a force which acts to return the spider device to its normal expanded shape.
Thus 9 when the bellows container and vac~um assist means are fully compressed, only a small amount of force is being applied by the vacuum assist means to pu!~h the bellows container back to its normal rest position, but as the bellows container moves towards its normal rest position, an in-creasingly greater force is applied by the vacuum assist means to expand the bellows container. The greater force applied by the vacuum assist means toward the end of its expansion relates to an increase in the amount of vacuum developed by the vacuum assist means as the spider device returns to its fully expanded shape. Thus, in the bellows container, as the vacuum developed by the bellows container decreases with outward movement, the vacuum developed by the vacuum assist means increases with outward movement.
The net result is a relative level amount of vacuum developed during the useful draw of the bellows container.
6~
'I'he novel valve mecllls aLIows tlle evacLIcltor Lo be actlvated, hel(l in an activated position untiL neede(l, and thell used t:o draw fLukls from a patient.l'lle valve meanC has an indic3tor ancl four operative pOSitiOIls: activate ~A),, hold (Il), pDtient (Y), and walL ~suctioll (V), whicll are indicated on the top I portion of the v"lve. 'l`he patient (I') position is aligned with an inLet j ori~ice in the valve turret and tlle waLl suction (V) position is aligned with vent orifice in the valve turret. With tlle valve indicator in the activate (~) position, on compression of the bellows container and the vacuum assist means, I air is e~pel:led and vented Erom tlle container through the wall suction ~V) ' outlet orifice. While the bellows container and the valve assist means are in the compressed position, the valve indicator is rotated from the activate (A)to the hold (H) position. With the valve indicator in the hold (Il) position, the vent orifice [wall suction (V)] and the inlet orifice [patient (P)] are , both closed off sealing the bellows container, and there is no communlcation 'I between the inside of the bellows container and the outside of the bellows container. Ihe SUCtiOII evacuator system can be stored in this condition until ready Eor use.
' The suction evacuator system, with the valve indicator in the hold (~l) position, is available for use. Whell needed, one end of suitable wound I drainage tubing is attached to the inlet nipple on the valve cap and the otherend is attached to a patient's wound. The valve indicator is turned to the patient (Y) position, and a uniform level of vacuum applied to the patient's wound via tlle connecting drain tube. With the drain tube conllected to a , patient's wound, the above procedure can be repeated several times, if necessary, until the bellows container is full of drainage fluid after which the valve indicator can be put in the hold (H) position and the bellows container disconnected from the drainage tube and the patient.
j If desired, the valve indicator can be put into the wall suction (V) llposition and a tube connected to wall suction via the vent nipple, whicll allows 'conununicaLioll between drainage tube, the bellows contailler, and woll SUctiOIl.
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In this mode, suction can be proyided by an outside means and the drainage fluid collected in the bellows container. An advantage of the wall suction position in the removable cap is that this allows the complete cap and valve means with the c~ttached tubing to the patient to be removed and attached to a rigid container for the wall suction mode without disturbing the patient, should this be desirable.
The present invention provides numerous advantages over the presently available closed wound suction evacuator systems. The present invention provides a means which a wound suction evacuator system can develop nearly constant vacuum during its draw cycle, can be stored in the activated state, is easily operated, and is small and light in weight.
It can be seen by the abo~e description that a relatively low cost and reiiable wound suction evacuator system is provided. The bellows con-tainer is cup-shaped, may be formed by relatively simple inexpensive molding techniques, and the entire structure can be made from relatively small number o parts, which roay be easily fabricated and assembled.
The bellows container may be fabricated of relatively inexpensive plastic materials. The vacuum assist means spider device may be fabricated from a single molded piece of plastic~ preferably polypropylene, and easily assembled to form the spider devlce insert, although the spider device may be fabricated rom other materials and does not have to be fabricated in one piece. The elastic ring can be made from a rubber material and made to pro-vide uniform and predictable action in returning the spider device to its expanded shape. Natural rubber is especially good as it has the best strength and return characteristics of the rubbers. Thus, the rubber ring which is relied u~pon to control in part the accuracy of the applied negative pressure, may be accurately fabricated and at relatively low cost.
The same effect that the elastic band has as a force generating membe~ or mechanical force means may also be accomplished by connecting the legs of spider device with springs or any material that is stret~hable or resilient with good return characteristics.
9 18()9B~
When the bellows is comprcssecl, this comprcsses thc spidcr devicc alld cauL;es Lhe springs to be stretche(l. I~hell the downward pressure on the container is relea~secl, the springs apply a force which acts to return the spider device to ; its normal expanded sllll-e.
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~5 1 _IEI DESCI~II'TION OF TIIE DI~WINGS
~, In the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts througllout, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a closed wound suction evacuator system showing the bellows container and the valve means retained by a ` screwed on cap constructed in accordance with the present invention.
1~ Figure 2 of the drawings is a vertical section taken thro-lgll the center of the evacuator along line 2-2 of Figure 1 showing tlle valve means, bellows contailler in tlle normal rest position and the vacuum assist means in " its normal expanded shape.
,I Figure 3-of the drawings shows a side plane view of the valve means ~ and a vertical section taken through the center of the bellows container along line 2-2 of Figure 1 illustrating the bellows container and the vacuum assist means in the compressed position.
Figure 4 is an expanded, detailed perspective view of the valve ! means sllowing tlle circular collar, the cap, the valve turret and the valve function indicator.
- Figure 5 of the drawings is a top plane view of the valve means showing the valve indicator, the inlet nipple and the vent nipple.
Figure 6 of the drawings shows partial top plane view of the bellows container and a horizontal cross-section of tlle valve means taken tllrougll line 6-6 of Figure 3. Figure 6 also includes àn adaptor for a non-reflux valve ~ which is attached to the inlet nipple and which is also shown in cross-section.
i Figure 7 of tlle drawings is an enlarged, detailed partial cross-section of tlle bellows container neck sllowing the upper positioning means of ~i the hinged spider device of tlle valve assist means.
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['ig,UIC 8 of ~he drawill~s is a top pLalle vicw of the hillged spi(ler ùevice fLattened out in Lhe form in which it is molded and Sht)W:i.llg ill dott:ed lines reillforcing members of the position.ing .legs, and also ll.lustratlng a particular .Locatillg means whicll may be molded therewitil for retaining the , elastic rnember.
Figure 9 of the draw.ings shows the hillged spider dev.ice of the vacuum assist means assembled and positioned for inserti.ng into the beLlows ; container.
Figure 10 of the clrawings sllows a perspective view of the vacuum l àssist means of Figure 8 in a partially compressed shape.
Figure l.l of the drawings is a side view of an alternate embodimellt for a vacuum assist means in the ullactivated state.
Figure 12 of the drawings is a side view of the vacuum assist mealls of Figure 11 in the activated or compressed state.
15~ Figure 13 of the drawings is a perspective view of the elastic member of the !preferred embodiment whicll is also shown in E'igure 10.
Figure 14 of tlle drawings is a top view of a non-reflux valve whicl : is also shown :in position in Figure 6.
. I , . D~T~LLED DESCRIPTION OF T}iE DR~WINCS
The closed wound suction evacuator system is ill.ustrated in - Figures 1 and 2 showing the bellows container 1 in the expanded normal rest position Witll l:he valve means 10 and valve indicator 19 in the activate I position. Figure 3 shows the bellows container 1 and the vacuum assist means : 39 in the compressed position. The bellows container 1 comprises bottom portion 5, top portion 4 and dome portion 3, and accordion-like bellow folds consisting of ridges 6 and valleys 9. The bellows container is advantageously 'l made of resilient elastomeric material having higil elastic recovery j characteristics, such as polyethylelle or other appropriate material.
'l ~larkings, not showll, may be formed on the sidewall or bottom portion of the .1 ' 96~
I-e.Llows contrli.ller to perlllit rneasurelllent of tlle volume of the .Ikluicl contellt.
The e.Iast.ic mem()ry of the plast:ic material from whicll the bel.:Lows contalner is mnde is such tllat in the normaI rest position it is in the shape ShOWIl :In Figures I alld 2 or tlle clrawillgs. 'I'lle top portiol) 4, the dome portion 3 and the bottom portion 5 are mucll thicker in coml)arison to the side bellows ! folds 6 and 9. 'I`he sicle bel:lows folds 6 and 9 are thinner to allow the container to bc~ compressed and expancled. Tlle thickelled top and bottom ; portions act to restrain the intern.ll vacuum assist means 39 so :it can be I firmly :Located inside wlthout the possibility of protruding throllgll the j surface wllicll could happell if the top and bottom were too thin. Tile thickened top and bottom portions 3, 4 and S thus act as pressure plates to distribute the force applied against the top and bottom surfaces.
The top portion 4 of the bottle is extended inward.Ly to form dome 3 and reduGe diameter neck 2 provided with external threads 7. As showll in !I Figure 4, the cap 12 is constructed with top 13 and depending rim 14 witll internal threads 16-whicll mate with the external threacls 7 of tlle neck 2 of , the bellows container 1 for threaded attachment oE the cap 12 ~o neck 2 of ¦ the bellows container 1. The cap 12 has circular opening 15 througtl whicil , there is extended upwardly the valve turret upper portion 26 while the lower ; valve turret. portion 27 telescopically fits withill the neck 2 of the bellcwscontainer 1. The valve turret 11 about midway between the upper turret portion 26 and the lower turret portion 27 has fixedly connected thereto a ~ horizontal circular flange 3i. Inunediately above the horizontal circular ,i flange 31, there is disposed an annular stop and sealing means 32. The upper ;Ivalve turret portion 26 contains therein wall suction orifice or vent orifice 29 and patient or inlet orifice 28. The vent otifice 29 and inlet orifice 28 .are disposed at an angular distance apart of about 140. The circular .collar 17 of the valve means telescopically, slidingly and sealingly fits over the valve turret u~per portion 26 to form a valve sealing means. The lower portion of circuLar collar 17 abuts and forms a t:ight fit with annular stop alld seaL means 32. Tlle upper portion of collar 17 snaps and loclcs into .
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place ullck~r circul.lr beacl reLaillillg Ille.lnS 33 WlliCI) surro~ ds tl~e peri~ ery of ~he ~;p uf valve turret upl)er portion 26. I`ile circul.ar bead reta.inillg mealls 33 1 serves to snap ccl.lar 17 downwar(ll.y in place whlle at the sallle time seallng I ~he top portion Or circnlar col:Lar 17.
1! Tlle circu.Lar collar 17 :is sealingLy alld slidingly ~:Lttecl to the - l upper valve turret portioll 26 to form a tigilt seal valve means and allow , rotation of collar 17 about and around the va.lve turret upper portion 26. Ihecircular collar 17 contains integral therewitll hollow inlet nipp.Le 18 havillg on the top thereof valve indicator 19 for selectively pos:itioning the circular , collar 17 on t.he valve turret upper port:ion 26. Inlet nipple 18 contains ,j inlet tube retaining means 20 whicll forms a tight sealing fit with an inlet or ! drainage plastic tube not showll. The interior of the bell.ows container and oE
circular ring 17 comlllunicate with the drainage tube (not ShOWll) thrOUgll orifice 21 in the inlet nipple 18. The circular collar 17 also has lntegrally !I therewith hollow vent nipple 22 having tube retaining means 23. The interior I of the bellows container and of circular collar 17 communicate with the vent ,1 outlet tube (not shown) througll orifice 24 in the vent nipple 22.
The valve means 10 is assembled on the bellows container 1 by first telescopically fitting the valve turret lower portion 27 into the opening 8 of neck 2 of the bellows container 1. Tlle cap 12 is thell screwed onto the neck 2 by the internal tllreacls 16 of the cap and ma~ing external threads 7 of the neck 2 to Eorm a tight sealing fit with the neck 2 of bellows container 1.
_ The circular collar 17 is then telescopically Eitted over the valve turret l upper portion :26 and snapped in place over circular retaining means 33. The , top surface of the valve turret upper portion 26 is suitably printed or marked to make function indicator 30 whicll shows the positions to whicil valve indicator 19 may be pointed to carry out the various functions of the valve means.
Il The vacuum assist means 39 is inserted into the bellows container 1prior to attachillg the va.lve means 10 to the bellows container 1. The i 6 ~
vacuum assist means 39 includes ~ hinged plastic spider d~vice and elastomeric ring 61 which acts as the mechanical ~orce means. The spider device includes two or more rib member means, such as rib memb~rs 47 and 48, disposed between th~ t~p portion 4 and ~he ~ottom portion 5 of the evacuator. The vacuum ass:ist means further includes a positioning means t~ securely locate the rib member means within the container. ThP top portion of the vacuum assist means is held in position in the neck 2 and dome 3 of bellows container 1 by arm Positioning members 42. ~rm positioning member 42 is integrally connected to arm member 44 which is ~ingedly connected to top plate 40 by hinge means 53.
The arm member 44 is ~trengthened by arm reinforcing memhers 43.
The top plate 40 is strengthened by top plate reinforcing memhers 41.
Integrally connected to tlle top poreion of top plate 41 are connecting and locking means l~S having an opening 46 through which bayonette members 49 of first and second rib members 47 are inserted and locked into place. ln the embodiment shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the first and second rib members 47 conllect top plate 40 to bottom plate 57. The first and second rib members 47 hAve an upper portion which are hingedly connected by hinge means 50 to a lower portion at a point about m~dway be~ween the rib members. There is a third rib member 48, also connecting the top plate 40 to bottom plate 57. The third rib member 48 also has a hinge means 50 about midway between its upper portion and lower portion. ~bout midway between the rib members 47 and rib member 48 approximate to the hinge means 50, there is an elastomeric ring 61 which is held in place by elastic ring positioning means 62 which holds the elastic ring 61 operably in position. The lower portion of the rib members 47 and 48 are hingedly connected to bottom plate 57 by hinge means 51. The hinge means 53 of the arm members 42, the hinge means 54 of the upper plate 40, the hinge means 50 of the rib members ~7 and 48, and the hinge means 51 of the lower plate 57 are formed from a flexible portion of the ns~
material from which the hinged plastic spider device is molded.
Tlle lower portion of the hinged plastic spider device is held in position in the bellows container 1 by leg positioning members 58. The leg posltioning members 58 are reinforced by leg reinforcing members 59.
The valve means 10 is further described with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings. The valve means 10 comprises valve turret 11 consisting of valve turret upper portion 26 and valYe turret lower portion 27.
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~hollt mi(1way bet.wcell Lhe llpper al~(l lower port:ion of val.ve Lurret Ll, tllcrc is i dispo~se~l hori~olltal c:ircular fklnge 3l. Imme~iately above flange 3.1 .is annular stop an(l seal means 32. Ihe valve turret upper portion 26 contains vent orifice 29 alld inlet oriiice 28. rhe top of valve turret upper portion 26 j contains circular bead reta:inillg means 33. rhe valve cap 12 fits over uppcr , porticn 26 of the turret 1~ and when threa(lecl onto neck 2 of bellows container . ', 1 1 tigl~t.ly seals horizolltal circular f.l.ange 31 to the top portion oE necl~ 2 of bellows container 1 by the action of interllal threads 16 on cap 12 and externaL tllreaùs 7 on neck 2 of the bellows container 1. The circular collar :L7 telescopically fits over the valve turret upper portion 26 to slidingly and sealingly form the operational part of the valve means 10. The lower portion of circular collar 17 is sealed against annular stop and seal means 32 and the upper portion of circular collar 17 is snapped over circular retaining means 33 held in place and sealed by circular retaining means 33.
The circular collar 17 has integrally connected thereto hollow inlet nipple 18 having on the top thereof valve :indicator 19. The inlet nipple 18 has at the outer portion thereof inlet tube retaining means 20 by which a drainage tube, not showll, may be sealingly connected to the inlet nipple 18. Communication between tile interior of bellows container 1 and of the drainage tube (not shown) is provicled by orifice inlet 21 of nipple 18 and .inlet orifice 28 of upper turret pcrtion 26. The in:let nipple 18 may also be provided with an adaptor 77 as shown in Figure 6. The adaptor 77 allows a non-reflux valve 78 - to be positiolled to cover the orifice inlet 21. The non-reflux valve 78 is also shown in Figure 14. The valve 78 is preEerably made oE natural latex , rubber and is only .010 inches thick. The valve 78 has two curved die cuts 76.The valve 78 :is a variation of a leaf valve. The valve 78 acts to prevent retrograde flow of fluid. The adaptor 77 may be made of vinyl, and if used, is ~ preferably bonded to the inlet nipple 18 to become a rigid attachment. The adaptor 77 locates the valve 78 between the orifice inlet 21 of the inlet ; nipple 18 and the collar 80 of the adaptor 77. The collar 80 provides a decreased diameter :in the bore 81 to allow the valve 78 to be held in place.
i ~ ~n9~i6 Ihe bore 81 rulls Lllrollgll the adap~or 77 to provicle communicaLiorl betwe~er~ e tubing ~not showll) alld the inlet orifice 28. If the adaptor is used, the tubillg (not showll) may be sealillgly collnected to the adaptor 77. The circular collar 17 has disllosed cLockwisc at all angulclr distance of about 140 from i nipple 18 hollow vent nipple 22 having vent tube retaining means 23 thereon.
i ' A vent tube or a wall SUCtiOII tube (not shown) may be sealingly connected to vent or outlet nipple 22 by vent tube retaining means 23. Communication between the interior of bel1Ows cuntainer 1 alld of a vent tube or wall suction tube is ' provided by oriflce outlet 24 in ho]low vent nipple 22 and vent orifice 29.
I`he top of valve turret mealls 11 is provided wit!l function indicator 30. The function indicator 30 may have printed or otherwise marked thereoll a V over vent orifice 29, a P over inlet orifice 28. The P or patient position is anglllarly spaced about 140 clockwise from the V or wall suction position. All ~ or activate position is allgularly spaced about 80 clockwise , from the P or patient position. Accordingly, the V position is angularly spaced about 14() clockwise from the A position. A H or hold position is spaced about midway between the P and A positions. It is understood that the angular spacing in tile va1ve mealls 10 may be set up diEferently as long as the position alignmellt described in the following two paragraphs is achievecl.
As illustrated in l~igure 4 of the drawings when valve indicator 19 is aligned with tl~e wall suction position V, and hence aligned with ven~ orifice 29, inlet nipple 18 is aligned with vent orifice 29 and vent nipple 22 is - aligned with inlet orifice 28. In this position, a wall suction tube (not SilOWIl) attached to vent nlpple 22 can clraw a suction on the interior of an 2S ; evacuator container and a drainage tube (not shown) attached to inlet nipple 18, thereby providing suction to a closed wound. As previously stated, when it is desirab1e to use wall suction, it is more desirable to use a rigid container than a collapsible container such as the bellows container 1. With the wall Il suction adaption means built in to the removable valve 10, this allows the complete valve mealls 10 Witil tubing (not showll) to be transferred to an l apl)ropriate rigid contailler WitilOlJt disturbillg the patiellt. Ir the wall suction ,i ! -14-i1 .
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is u;od dire~ctLy on ~lle l>cLlows eolltliller L, IL wilL callsc ~lle bclLowl; to Icollapse. Il~erefore, not s mucll flui(l is caL)Ible of being collectecl.
; Wllell tlle circular coLlar 17 is positioned as sl~own in ~igure I wiLI
valve indic<ltor 19 aligned witll activatt! pOSiti(lll A of functioll in(licator 3(), , tlle bellows conL<Iiller 1 can be coLlal)sed as sllowll in ligure 3 and air in Lhe beLlows contailler vente(l Lllrougll vent orifice 29 and vent nipple 22. ~len tile valve indicator L9 is aligned with the llold 1~ position, botll the vent orifice29 and Llle inlet orifice 28 are seaLed by circular collar 17 al~d tlle bellows container 1 can be maintalned in the active position coml)ressed as shown in IQ ligure 3. I~ilen it is desired to use the in(ltpelldently operable closed wound suction evacuator system, a drainage tube (not sllowll) is attaclled to inlet nipple 18 an(l the valve indicator L9 aligned with the patient P position tlle functioll indicator 30, i.e. with the inLet oriEice 28. The collar 17, whell the valve in(licator 19 is in the P position, seals vent oriflce 29 such tlat-a SUCtiOIl is applied to the clrainage tube as the bellows container 1 returns to its expanded normal rest position. Figure 6 illustrates two O-rings 79, one which is provided to seal off the inlet orifice 28 and one to seal off the vent orifice 29 from the atmospllere.
The vacuum assist means 39 is described in more detaiI with reference to ligures 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the drawings wllich a]so illustrate a conveniellt metllod of manu~acture and assembly of the vacuum assist means.
Tlle Figure 7 of the drawings is an enlarged detailed partial cross-section of tlle bellows container 1, neck 2 and the upper arm positiolling members 42 of the hinged spider device of the valve assist means 39.
i The Figure 8 shows a top plane view of the single-piece hinged plastic spider device in tlle manner that it is laid out as ormed by molding in a single piece. Tlle hinged plastic spider device is preferably formed from elastomeric polypropylene in a manller SUCIl that it has flexible hinge means 53;,connecting arm members 44 to top plate 40, flexible hinge means 54 connecting i rlb membel- 48 to top plate 40, flexible hinge means 50 positioned about midway ! between rib members 47 anl 48, flexible hinge means 56 connecting tile bottom of rib melllbers 47 and 48 with the bottom plate 57, and fle.Yible hillge mealls 60 _ . l i.
~ ~8()9~g connectiIlg Irg posiLioIliI)g melllbet~s 58 ~o boLtom platc 57. [lle ul)l)er armpOsitiouillg meaIls comprises top plate 40 to whicll there is hiIlgedl.y connectecI
arm meIl1t)ers 44 and arm posLtloIlillg members 42. I`lle arm members 44 containtheir lower ~surface arm reiIl~orcillg members 43. The lower surfclce of top plate 40 hlve to~) plate reinForciIlf members 41. TlIe ~irst aI-d second rib members 47 have at Lhèir extreme end bayoIlette members 49 whicII are hinged to the upper portiolI of the rib members 47. TIIe bayonette members 49 fit througl an(l lock into openings 46 oE conIlectillg and .Locking means 45. The bayonette members 49 are theIl sealed to the top plate 40. The connecting and locking means 45 are integrally conIlected to the top plate 40 (see also Figure 7).
. The third rib member 48 connects the top plate 40 to the bottom plate 57. TlIefirst and second rib members 47 whell conIlected by bayonette member 49 to connecting and locking means 45 serve to connect the top plate 40 to the bottom plate 57. lhe first and second rib members 47 and third rib member 48 , have rib reinforcing members 52. The bottom portion of the hiIlged plastic spider device is held in place in the bellows container 1 by leg positioning . members 58 whicII are hingedly conlIected by lIinge means 60 to bottom plate 57.
The leg positioning members 58 have leg reinforcing members 59.
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~ ~ The hiIlged plastic spider device after being_~e~mex~r molding is laid out as illustrated in Iiigure 8. The first and second rib memi)ers 47 are then connected to the top plate 40 as previously discussed. The arm members 44 are extended by hiIlge means 53 vertically upward and the leg positioning members 58 are extended by tlle hilIge mealIs 60 vertically downward and the rib~ members 47 and 48 are positioned so that they Eorm an essentially vertical I straight line as shown in Figure 9. Prior to inserting the hinged plastic spider device into the bellows container 1 the elastomeric ring 61 must be ' placed around tlle rib members 47 and 48. The elastomeric ring 61 is retained 1 in position by elastomeric ring positioning members 62 as shown in ~igures 2 3, l 8, 9 and 10, although the preferred configuration of the elastomeric ring positioning means 62A is shown in Figures 8 and 10. The preferred positioning . .
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mearls o2A inclu<k~x a palr Or cllrvei mellll)ers, 62A on eacll rib members ~7 all(l ~l locatecl near tlle hillge mc!all~s 50. One portion of the pair of curved memberc;
procrude~s from one side of the ullper portion of each rib member ~l7 and ~8 alld is curvcd clowllwarcl ancl Llle other portioll protrudes from the opl)osite side Or tlle lower portioll of eacll rib melllber 47 ancl 48 and is curved upward. The elastomeric ring 61 is llelci in place by these positioning members 62A as silown in Figure lO. The preferred embodiment of the elastic ring is showll in Figures 10 ancl 13, and is preferably made of natural rubber. Tlle hinge pLasticj spider clevice is thcn inserted througll the opening 8 in the neck 2 oE bellows I container 1, the leg positioning members 58 extended outwardly in the bottom of the bellows container 1 and the arm members 42 extended outwardly to position the hinged plastic spider device within the bellows container 1 as shown in Figures 10 and 2 and 3 of tlle drawings.
After positioning the vacuum assist means 39 in the bellows ~ container 1, the valve means 1O is assembled onto the bellows container 1 in the manner previously described above.
It is understood that the spider device may be made with two or more positioning arm members, two or more rib members and two or more positioning ; leg members. The preferred embodiment of tile invention utilizes three arm members, three rib members and tllree leg members. In all embodiment where four rib members are used, either one or two bayonette connecting means ma~ be used, dependillg on how the spider device is molded. The rib members, as before, ~ alterllate witll tile positioning leg members and the positionillg arm members.
Altenlate configurations for the spider device will be discussed further on.
OPERI~TION OF TilE PREFRRED E~BODI~INT
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A preferred embodiment of the invention is described wi~h reference to Figures 1 to 6 of tlle drawings.
Tlle closed wound evacuator system, as illustrated in ligures 1 and 2 of the drawillgs, comprises a bellows contailler 1 inside of whic:ll is positioned æ ~ 8 ~
a vacuunl a.s.~i~L m-alns 3') alld on ~p of wllich is a va.Lvc mcalls L() retaine(l by a I screw on cap 13.
¦ Tlle l)cl.Lows contailler 1 is shown in its normal at rest position (P;igures 1 and 2) and the vilcuu1n nssist me.lns 39 is shown in its normal ex~allded S I shape (I.igure 2). I`he valve indicator 19 Ol~ inLet ni.pple 18 i.s sllowll (ligurcs ', 1 and 2) aligned with tlle activate position ~ On the funct:ion indicator 30.In this position, inLet orifice 28 :is sealed by circular collar 17 and vent nipplc :22 is aligned with vent orifice 29. As downward pressurc is applied to the top of the bellows container 1 to a~ially compress downwardly the top 4 towards the bottom 5 oE the be.l.lows container 1, air in the bellows contairler , is expclled and vented to tlle atmosphere through vent orifice 29 and vent nipple 22 to activatc tlle suction evacuator system. The downward compression l of the bellows contailler 1 also compresses downwardly the hillged plastic : spider clevice of the vacuum assist means 39 (Figure 3). After compression of , the bell.ows container 1 and the hinged plastic spider device to the activated! pOSitiOII, the valve indicator 19 on inlet nipple 18 of the va.Lve means 10 isrotated to align the valve indicator 19 witll the hold pOsitioll ~l on the function indicator 30 (see Figures 5 and 6). Aligning the valve indicator 19 with the I hold position ~I causes the inner surface of circular collar 17 to close off '; and seal both inlet orifice 28 and vent orifice 29 of the valve turret upper portion 26, and allows the SUCtiOIl evacuator system to be maintained in the hold, activated position ulltil ready for use.
After activatioll of the suction evacuator system, as part of a , post-operative procedure, a drainage tube (not shown) is inserted into a I surgical wound and the wound closed. The drainage tube is then slidingly connected to inlet nipple 18 and forms a tight sealing fit with the inlet tube retaining means 20. The valve indicator 19 is then aligned with the patient position P on function indicator 30 whicll aligns inlet nipple 18 with ,I the inlet orifice 28. The inner surface of the circular collar 17 closes off 1 and seals vent orifice 29. Upon release of the manual compressillg force i : ' " al)d/or mereLy by turnillg Lhe valve Lndicntor :L9 to tlle patient position 1~, Lhc il resiliency of tlle corrugated bellows sidewalls of bellows con-ail~er 1 ~nd the force applied by the stretclled circular elastomeric ring 61 o~ the hiilged I spi(ler device oE the vacuum assist mealls 39 act in combinat:ion, i.e. coact to l expand the bellows conta:irler 1 to its normal rest position and to exl)all(l the hinged plastic spider device of the vacuum assist means 39 to its normal expanded shape. This coaction develops a negative pressure within the bellows contaillcr 1 whicll in turll clevelops a suction transmitted througll the drainage , tube (not showll) to the closed wound to draill from the wound whatever fluid j may have been collected in the wound. The fluid is drained through the hollow , drainage tube and collected in the bellows container 1. Because the wound is closed, air does not enter into the drainage ;ube and/or the bellows contailler to disturb the operation of the bellows container and as the bellows container continues to expand slowly, it fills with drained fluid. While this takes 1' place, tlle evacuation system may be attached on or positioned adjacent to tlle patient by suitable means. In operation, as the bellows container is expandeù
' and the vacuum developed by the bellows container decreases with the outward movement, the vacuum developed by the vacuum assist means increases with the outward movement of the llillged plastic spider ùevice of the vacuum assist I means. The net result is a constant relatively level amount o~ vacuum being developed during tlle useful draw of the bellows container and applied to the fluids in the closed woulld.
If for any reason suction is broken and the bellows contailler expands I without drawing Eluid into its interior, the suction can be reestablished I merely by moving the valve indicator 19 to the activate position ~, compressing ; the bellows container to vent air to the atmosphere and to then turn the valveindicator to the patient position P. ~s before, the expansion of the bellows ~I container and the expansion of the vacuum assist means will develop a negative ;~ pressure in the bellows container and a suction in the drainage tube. Whell ~I tile bellows contailler is filled, the valve should be moved to tlle hold ~l !
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posit.i~-~n to clo.5e off thc wound 11~ l eitller tlle Ill.LC!t orif.ice 28 or ~lle vent orifice 29 allcl Lhell the valve means with woulld tubing still attaciled~ can be ! detachecl from the contalncr ancI clisposed of as clesired. ~ new unit may ther be attacllecI to Lhe draillage tube and the operation repeated unt:il furtIIer ~I drainage of the patient's wouncl ;s unlIecessary. This allows the container to be emll:ie~i or changecl witllollt disturbing the patient and without directly exposing the wound to the atmosphere since the still. connected tubing is blockecl off from direct contact with the atmosphere by the valve means being in the llolcl II positioll.
'I _Lr ~TI F~IBO~I~IENTS
It is uIlderstood that this invention may have numerous embodiments, varying certain features without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, the spider device does not have to be manufactured ~! from plastic and it also does not have to be manufactured in one piece.
1 ~ y suitable material such as ligllt weight metal may be used for the rib members of the spider device. Two or n:ore rib members may be used in the spider device. Tllese rib members may be located in the device by any convenient means and not necessarily by arm positioning members and leg positioning members. For example, the bottom plate 57 of the spider device could be ~! located over a protruding stud on the bottom portion of tile evacuator. ~ny other conventioIlal locating or fastening means can be used ta hingedly connect the rib members to the top and bottom portions of the evacuator. Also, any convenient hinge means can be used to conIlect the top portion oE the ribs to , the bottom portion of the ribs. The hinges do not have to be integral Witll the ribs as in the molded embodiment of the spider device. The molded single piece spider device is a unique and convenient way of manufacturing the spider :1 i !~ device :in one simple piece.
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The elastic ring positioning and locating members on the ribs also may utilize any convenient position;ng means to retain the elasti~ ring in place about the hinged ribs. In fact, as previously mentioned in the Summary of [nvention, it is even possible to use springs as a mechanical force means to connect the ribs such that as the spider device is compressed it causes the springs to expand or stretch. When the downward restraint is released, the springs apply a force which act to return the spider device to its normal expanded shape.
The mechanical vacuum assist device may also be used in any evacuator device having a supporting top and bottom with compressible sides in between, and not just in bellows-type evacuators. The purpose of the spider device is to assist in creating a relatively constant vacuum level while drawing fluids from a closed wound. For example, a spider device may be incorporated into the style of evacuators shown in U.S. Patent No.
3,115,138. The devices described in U.S. Patent No. 3,115,138 which include springs fixedly engaged between a top and bottom of the enclosed evacuator and having compressible sides may utilize a spider assist device.
When the evacuator is compressed~ the springs are compressed~ When the compressive pressure is released, the springs act to expand the evacuator. Much like the bellows container, this type of spring device ex-periences a rapid decrease from maximum negative pressure to a minimum negative pressure during the expansioll of the container from the compressed to normal position. If a spider assist device is utilized in this type of evacuator, when the evacuator and spider assist device are compressed, upon release of the compressive force, initially only a small amount of force is being applied by the vacuum assist device to push the container back to its normal rest position, but as the evacuator container moves toward its normal rest position, an increasingly greater force is applied by the vacuum assist or spider assist means to expand the container, and hence an increase in the amount of vacuum developed by the spider device as it returns to its ex-panded condition. The net result in combination with the spring mechanism, is a relative level amount of vacuum developed during the useful draw of the container.
,~
3 ~ 9~6 If the overall force crcated from starL to ~lnisll of the spider device is viewe(l, the L'orce whell a vacuum assist mealls is compressed is minLm.lL alld begills to increase as the spLder devicc exl)al~ds. 'I'he force the levels of and then clrops back to zero when the device is fuLly back to rest positio~l.
Since the spider device can be designed to create a linear force, it' therefore can have a Linear stroke. It is possil-le to use the spider device as the so~e menlls of expandillg a compressible evacuator (i.e. no beLlows mechallism is used and no sprillgs Eixedly attached between the top and bottom of the ~ compressible contailler are used), and still obtain a relative level amount of ' vacuum. The container can be made so that only the middle or center portion of the stroke of tlle spider device is used. Ior example, if a spider device is capable of being compressed 6 inclles from its fully expandecl state to its fully compressed statc, it is possible to utilize this device in an evacuator sized to prevent the device from being fully expanded or fully compressed. I~ence, only tlle center of the stroke is used. In this way, it is still possible to obtain a relative level amount of vacuum during the useful draw of the evacual:or which is the clesired objective, and the main purpose in using the spider vacuum assist mechallism.
In the bellows device, described in tl~e preferred embodimellt, it was stated that the top and bottom portions of the evacuator should be thicker than - the sides to act as a pressure pJate. In the bellows device the pressure plate is integrally incorporated in the plastic evacuator. It is also possible to have the pressure plates separate from the actual container, but located within the container against the top and bottom portioll, whicll is done in some currently available compressible evacuators.
furtller mo(lified embodiment of the spider assist device is ustr.lted in Figures 11 and 12. The device is shown located between the top and bottom pressure plates 70 and 71, but is not shown within an evacuator.
9 ~; ~
1 I:igure 11 iLLu~cr.ltes Ll~e device in tlle expandc!d or rest con(liti(~
j ~lthough tlle device may be ma(le with two or more rib members, Lhe ernbodimenL
showll consists of 2 rib melllbers 72 whicll are hingedly attached to the top , pressure plate 70 at hillge mealls 91. The bottom of tlle ribs 72 are each hinge(lly attacllecl by a hinge mealls 92 to a pus11er means 93 whicll is ]ocated against an end of a longitu(linal sprillg 73. The springs 73 are located on tlle bottom pressure plate 7L~ and eacll retained longitudinally in a spring retainillg means 90. Wllen the spider device is positioned in a compressible evacuator and the evacuator and spider device are compressed or activated, the sprillgs 73 are also compressed. Upon release from this position, this embodiment of the spider device acts in the same manller as the previously described spider devices by the springs 73 pushillg inwardly at the hinge means 92 to create a linear force whicll initially is minimal and begins to increase as tlle spider clevice expandc;. It therefore can be used in the same manner as the previously described spider assist devices for assisting in creating a relative leve]
amount of vacuum in a compressibLe evacuator.
Tile improved closed wound suctioll evacuator system o~ the present invention develops a constallt nearly level vacuum during the useful draw cycle of the bellows container. It also allows the system to be stored in the activated state until ready for use, is easy to operate, is small and light-weight and can be easily attached to a patient.
While this invention has been described in terms of its preferrecl _ embodimellt and various modifications, those skillecl in the art can appreciate ' that other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
Il ,, ., , ,l -23-
Claims (15)
1. A medical evacuator system for evacuating fluids from the body comprising in combination:
(a) a closed compressible container having top and bottom portions connected by a flexible sidewall, said container adapted to be compressed and to expand to develop a vacuum on expansion;
(b) a vacuum assist means disposed within said container which assists in the expansion of the container and in developing the vacuum in the container; and (c) an outlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and the atmosphere and an inlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and a drainage tube, said vacuum assist means comprised of a spider device having two or more rib member means disposed between the top and bottom portions, a positioning means to securely locate the rib member means within the container, a hinge means to allow the rib member means to move from an extended rest position to a compressed activated position and a separate mechanical force means engaging exteriorly on said rib member means which mechanical force means acts in a direction substantially perpendicular to said flexible sidewall to return the rib member means to their extended rest position.
(a) a closed compressible container having top and bottom portions connected by a flexible sidewall, said container adapted to be compressed and to expand to develop a vacuum on expansion;
(b) a vacuum assist means disposed within said container which assists in the expansion of the container and in developing the vacuum in the container; and (c) an outlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and the atmosphere and an inlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and a drainage tube, said vacuum assist means comprised of a spider device having two or more rib member means disposed between the top and bottom portions, a positioning means to securely locate the rib member means within the container, a hinge means to allow the rib member means to move from an extended rest position to a compressed activated position and a separate mechanical force means engaging exteriorly on said rib member means which mechanical force means acts in a direction substantially perpendicular to said flexible sidewall to return the rib member means to their extended rest position.
2. The evacuator system of claim 1, wherein said compressible container is a bellows container and wherein said flexible side walls connecting the top and bottom portions are accordion like and are made of a resilient elastomeric material, and are comprised of continuous alternate ridges and valleys adapted to be compressed and to expand to develop a vacuum on expansion.
3. The evacuator system of claim 2, wherein said bellows container top portion is extended inwardly to form a reduced diameter neck provided with external threads and an opening communicating with the interior of said container.
4. The evacuator system of claim 2, wherein said top and bottom portions are substantially thicker than the compressible side wall of the container to provide substantially rigid top and bottom portions in comparison to the flexible side walls.
5. The evacuator system of claim 1, wherein said compressible container further includes a plurality of springs disposed between the top and bottom of the container, with the opposite ends of each spring engaging the top and bottom, respectively, to exert a separating force thereon, and wherein the springs within the container are adapted to be compressed and to develop a vacuum on expansion.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said positioning means is attached to the rib member means and comprises upper positioning members and lower positioning members and wherein the rib member means connect the upper positioning members and the lower positioning members and wherein said rib member means have the mechanical force means disposed about the middle portion of said rib member means.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the positioning means hingedly connects the top of the rib member means to the top portion of the evacuator and wherein the mechanical force means is comprised of a plurality of springs which are disposed lengthwise along the bottom portion of the evacuator and wherein said springs are longitudinally contained in a retaining means and wherein each spring is attached to a corresponding pusher means located against the end of the spring and wherein said pusher means are hingedly attached to the bottom of corresponding rib member means and whereas compression of the evacuator and spider device results in compression of the springs, and upon release of the compressive force, the springs expand outwardly back to their rest position resulting in an upward linear force which assist in returning the evacuator to its extended rest position.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the compressible evacuator container has a reduced neck in the top thereof, said neck having an opening communicating with the interior of said container and wherein the upper positioning members of the vacuum assist means cooperate with the opening in the neck at the top of the compressible container to maintain the position of the vacuum assist means at about the center of the neck opening and the lower positioning members maintain the position of the vacuum assist means in about the center of the bottom of the container.
9. The system of claim 7 wherein said rib member means are hingedly connected to said upper positioning members, and wherein said rib member means are hingedly connected at a point about midway between the upper portion of said member means and a lower portion of said rib member means, said mid-point hinge means of said rib member means being capable on downward compression of said rib member means of flexing outwardly the outward flexing of said rib member means being restrained by the mechanical force means disposed around said rib member means at a point approximate to said mid-point hinge means, and the lower portion of said rib member means being hingedly connected to said lower positioning members.
10. An evacuator system for evacuating fluids from the body comprising in combination:
(a) a compressible container having top and bottom portions connected by a flexible sidewall, said container adapted to be compressed and to expand to develop a vacuum on expansion;
(b) a vacuum assist means disposed within said container which assists in the expansion of the container and in developing the vacuum in the container; and (c) an outlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and the atmosphere and an inlet means providing communciation between the interior of the container and a drainage tube, said vacuum assist means comprised of a spider device including two or more rib member means disposed between the top and bottom portions, a positioning means to firmly locate the rib member means within the container, a hinge means to allow the rib member means to move from an extended rest position to a compressed activated position and a mechanical force means which acts to return the rib member means to their extended rest position, said positioning means being attached to the rib member means and comprising an upper positioning means and a lower positioning means, wherein said upper positioning means includes upper positioning members and a top plate member connected thereto, and wherein said lower positioning means includes lower positioning members and a bottom plate member connected thereto, and wherein the rib member means connects the upper positioning means and the lower positioning means and wherein said rib member means have the mechanical force means disposed about the middle portion of said rib member means, and wherein the upper positioning members are arms hingedly connected to the top plate member and the upper portion of said rib member means are hingedly connected at a point about midway between the upper portion of said rib member means and a lower portion of said rib member means, said mid-point hinge means of said rib member means being capable on downward compression of said rib member means of flexing outwardly, the outward flexing of said rib member means being restrained by the mechanical force means disposed around said rib member means at a point approximate to said mid point hinge means, and wherein the lower portion of said rib member means are hingedly connected to (a) the bottom plate member, and wherein the lower positioning members are legs hingedly connected to said bottom plate member.
(a) a compressible container having top and bottom portions connected by a flexible sidewall, said container adapted to be compressed and to expand to develop a vacuum on expansion;
(b) a vacuum assist means disposed within said container which assists in the expansion of the container and in developing the vacuum in the container; and (c) an outlet means providing communication between the interior of the container and the atmosphere and an inlet means providing communciation between the interior of the container and a drainage tube, said vacuum assist means comprised of a spider device including two or more rib member means disposed between the top and bottom portions, a positioning means to firmly locate the rib member means within the container, a hinge means to allow the rib member means to move from an extended rest position to a compressed activated position and a mechanical force means which acts to return the rib member means to their extended rest position, said positioning means being attached to the rib member means and comprising an upper positioning means and a lower positioning means, wherein said upper positioning means includes upper positioning members and a top plate member connected thereto, and wherein said lower positioning means includes lower positioning members and a bottom plate member connected thereto, and wherein the rib member means connects the upper positioning means and the lower positioning means and wherein said rib member means have the mechanical force means disposed about the middle portion of said rib member means, and wherein the upper positioning members are arms hingedly connected to the top plate member and the upper portion of said rib member means are hingedly connected at a point about midway between the upper portion of said rib member means and a lower portion of said rib member means, said mid-point hinge means of said rib member means being capable on downward compression of said rib member means of flexing outwardly, the outward flexing of said rib member means being restrained by the mechanical force means disposed around said rib member means at a point approximate to said mid point hinge means, and wherein the lower portion of said rib member means are hingedly connected to (a) the bottom plate member, and wherein the lower positioning members are legs hingedly connected to said bottom plate member.
11. The evacuator system of claim 10, wherein said compressible container is a bellows container and wherein said flexible side walls connecting the top and bottom portions are accordion like and are made of a resilient elastomeric material, and are comprised of continuous alternate ridges and valleys adapted to be compressed and to expand to develop a vacuum on expansion .
12. The evacuator system of claim 10, wherein said compressible container further includes a plurality of springs disposed between the top and bottom of the container, with the opposite ends of each spring engaging the top and bottom, respectively, to exert a separating force thereon, and wherein the springs within the container are adapted to be compressed and to develop a vacuum on expansion.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the vacuum assist means is plastic.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein the mechanical force means is a substantially circular elastomeric ring.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein the mechanical force means is comprised of springs connecting the rib members.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US166,940 | 1980-07-08 | ||
| US06/166,940 US4460354A (en) | 1980-07-08 | 1980-07-08 | Closed wound suction evacuator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1180966A true CA1180966A (en) | 1985-01-15 |
Family
ID=22605293
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381278A Expired CA1180966A (en) | 1980-07-08 | 1981-07-07 | Closed wound suction evacuator |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4460354A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5778861A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7267481A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1180966A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3126949A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2486404A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB2080119B (en) |
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-
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- 1980-07-08 US US06/166,940 patent/US4460354A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-07-03 FR FR8113110A patent/FR2486404A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-07 CA CA000381278A patent/CA1180966A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-08 GB GB8121139A patent/GB2080119B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-08 JP JP56106835A patent/JPS5778861A/en active Pending
- 1981-07-08 DE DE3126949A patent/DE3126949A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-08 AU AU72674/81A patent/AU7267481A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1984
- 1984-02-22 GB GB08404688A patent/GB2141933B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3126949A1 (en) | 1982-03-25 |
| GB2080119A (en) | 1982-02-03 |
| GB2141933A (en) | 1985-01-09 |
| GB8404688D0 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| JPS5778861A (en) | 1982-05-17 |
| US4460354A (en) | 1984-07-17 |
| GB2141933B (en) | 1985-07-10 |
| GB2080119B (en) | 1985-07-03 |
| FR2486404A1 (en) | 1982-01-15 |
| AU7267481A (en) | 1982-01-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |