CA1187319A - Automatic fire-arm - Google Patents
Automatic fire-armInfo
- Publication number
- CA1187319A CA1187319A CA000402434A CA402434A CA1187319A CA 1187319 A CA1187319 A CA 1187319A CA 000402434 A CA000402434 A CA 000402434A CA 402434 A CA402434 A CA 402434A CA 1187319 A CA1187319 A CA 1187319A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bolt
- hammer block
- withdrawn
- retaining
- retaining member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
- F41A5/02—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
- F41A5/10—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated having a movable inertia weight, e.g. for storing energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
- F41A19/25—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins
- F41A19/27—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block
- F41A19/29—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension
- F41A19/30—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension in bolt-action guns
- F41A19/31—Sear arrangements therefor
Abstract
ABSTRACT
"Automatic fire-arm".
The fire-arm includes a casing to which a bar-rel is fixed, and a chamber formed in the casing adja-cent the breech of the barrel, in which a bolt carrying a firing pin is movably mounted. The bolt is movable through the effect of the pressure of gases produced during firing from a forward or closing position, in which it closes the breech, to a withdrawn or open po-sition against the action of resilient means which bias it into the closing position. Within the chamber is mounted a hammer block which is movable between a withdrawn or arming position and a forward or striking position in which it is able to act on the firing pin.
Resilient means bias the hammer block into the forward striking position. The fire-arm further includes:
- a movable retaining member which is able to adopt a rest position in which it allows the joint movement of the bolt and the hammer block from their respective forward positions to their respective with-drawn positions, and a working or retaining position in which it retains the hammer block substantially in its withdrawn position when the bolt is moved towards its forward closing position. The retaining member is mo-ved from the rest position to the working position by the movement of the bolt towards its withdrawn position and is moved from the retaining position to the rest position only when the bolt is in the last part of its closing movement. A control member, which is control-led by the trigger, cooperates with the retaining member and is able to adopt a rest position in which it holds the retaining member in the working position, when the trigger is released, and a working position in which it allows the movement of the retaining member from the working position to the rest position, when the trigger is pulled.
(Figure 1)
"Automatic fire-arm".
The fire-arm includes a casing to which a bar-rel is fixed, and a chamber formed in the casing adja-cent the breech of the barrel, in which a bolt carrying a firing pin is movably mounted. The bolt is movable through the effect of the pressure of gases produced during firing from a forward or closing position, in which it closes the breech, to a withdrawn or open po-sition against the action of resilient means which bias it into the closing position. Within the chamber is mounted a hammer block which is movable between a withdrawn or arming position and a forward or striking position in which it is able to act on the firing pin.
Resilient means bias the hammer block into the forward striking position. The fire-arm further includes:
- a movable retaining member which is able to adopt a rest position in which it allows the joint movement of the bolt and the hammer block from their respective forward positions to their respective with-drawn positions, and a working or retaining position in which it retains the hammer block substantially in its withdrawn position when the bolt is moved towards its forward closing position. The retaining member is mo-ved from the rest position to the working position by the movement of the bolt towards its withdrawn position and is moved from the retaining position to the rest position only when the bolt is in the last part of its closing movement. A control member, which is control-led by the trigger, cooperates with the retaining member and is able to adopt a rest position in which it holds the retaining member in the working position, when the trigger is released, and a working position in which it allows the movement of the retaining member from the working position to the rest position, when the trigger is pulled.
(Figure 1)
Description
3 ~ ~
"Autornatic f:i.re-arrn".
The presen-t invent:i.on rela-tes to an automatic i`:ire-arm of -the type inc~.uding a frame supportlng a casillF to which a barrel is fi~ecl, a chamber formed :i.n -t;he casi.ng acljacen-t the breech of the barreL and :in which a bol.t carryi.rlg a :~i.ring p:i.n is rnovably mount-ed, the bolt being rnovable through the effec-t of -the pressure of gases producecl cluri.ng :[`iri.ng rrorn a ~orward or closing positi.on, i.n which i.t closes the breech, -to a wi.thdrawn or open position agai.ns-t the ac-tion of firs-t resilien-t means biassing it i.nto -the closing posi.t;:ion, a hammer block mounted in the chamber a.nd rnovable between a first withdrawn or arrni.ng posltion ancl a :forward or striking positi.on i.n which it is abl.e to act on -the firing pin, second resilient means which bias the harnmer block from -the wi-thdrawn position to the forward s-triki.ng position, and a trigger or firing mechanism which is actua-ted by a firing lever or -trig-ger and i.s operable t;o allow the movement of the hammer blocl< :t`rom the arm:ing position to the striking posit-ion.
Automa-t:i.c f`i.re-arms of the type specified above al.low bursts of shots to be fired with a very high ra-te of fire.
As is known, control of the fire-arm becomes uncertai.n when firing burs-ts of shots, that i.s -to say, it is very di.-.~fi.cul.t to keep the weapon pointed at the target since it tends to "cl:imb". This resul-ts in less accura-te f`:i.r:ing and cons:iderable wastage, since the nurnber of poorly-almed shots :fi.red is anyth1ng 31~
o-ther than negligible.
It has been attempted to avoid this disadvantage by making heavier fire-arms which thus have a greater inertia, thereby reducing the "climbing" of the weapon during firing.
This solution is unsatisfactory, however, since the greater weight of the fire-arms makes it less mana-geable and also costlier to manufacture.
The object of the present invention is to provide an automa~ic fire-arm which is free from the disadvan-tage present in fire-arms made according to the prior art, and which is therefore light, easy to handle, and able to fire bursts of shots with high accuracy and stability.
In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides an automatic fire-arm of the afore-said type, the main characteristic o~ which lies in the fact that it includes:
a moveable one piece retaining member supported by sai~
frame for movement into and out of said chamber, said retaining member being moveable to a hammer block means retaining position by engagement with said bolt upon movement of said bolt and said hammer block means from the respective forward position to the respective withdrawn position wherein said retaining member engages and retains said hammer block means in the withdrawn position, and being moveable from said retaining position to a rest position in said chamber solely by engagement with said hammer block means only when said bolt is in said closing position out of engagement with said retaining member and . . .
. ~!,`, ,~, .
73~
a control member which is controlled by said trigger and cooperates with said retaining member, said control member being moveable between a first position in which it holds said retaining member in said retaining position when said trigger is released and a second position in which said control member allows movement of said retaining member from said retaining position to said rest position and back when said trigger is pulled.
In the fire-arm according to the present invent-ion, a delay time is introduced between the moment when the bolt reaches the closing position and the moment when the hammer block reaches -the striking po-sition. In other words, the fire-arm according to the invention achieves a three-stage cycle (joint with-drawal of the bolt and hammer block, advancement of the bolt alone, and advancement of the hammer block) .
instead of the two-stage cycle which occurs in conven-tional automatic fire-arms. This allows burs-ts of shots to be fired with a lower firing rate, greater stability and accuracy, and less wastage of ammunition.
F`urther characteristics and advantages of the fire-arrn according to the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows with reference to the appended drawings, provided pure-ly by way of non-limiting example, in which:
Figure ] is a partially-sectione~ side view of an automatic fire-arm according to the invention;
.,, ~. .
~'731~
. 4 ~'igure 2 is a partia-L section taken on the line r~ ot~ l igure I, and r`igures 3, ~ and 5 are parti,ally-sectioned side v:iews of i;l-le fire-arnl o:f Figure l, in tt1ree different ~j sl;s~.eS O:r oper~at iol~.
With rererence to ~igure l, an au-tomatic fire-arm according to the l.nvention comprises a frame or support structure, genera],ly indicated 1, compr:ising a shaped body 2 to which a grip 3 is fixed by means l.0 o-f screws ~. The body 2 is shaped substantially in the form of a tray and its wall has a longitudina.l s].o-t 5 close to the grip 3, in which a firing lever or -tri.gger 6 is movably mounted. T.n ~i,gure l, the trig~,ger 6 is shown i.n -the position which it adopts when it is released. This trigger has a notch 7 in i.ts cen-tral por-tion which, when -the trigger is pulled, i.s engageable with tl~e por-ti,on of` -the bottom wall o-f the body 2 adjacent -the slot 5.
The wall of -the shaped body 2 a].so has an aper-ture 8 connec-ted to one end of a tubular element 9 whi.ch acts as a gui.de I'or a clip or rnagazine 1.0 of ammunition. Thi.s magazine is of the conventional spring type. The tubular elemen-t 9 is provided wi-th a conventional pos:i.t:ioning devi.ce, generall.y indicated 'll, for ma:intai.ning the rnagaz;.ne lO in a fixed position relative t,o the tubul.ar element 9.
A tllbular part 1.5 i.s fixed to the shaped body
"Autornatic f:i.re-arrn".
The presen-t invent:i.on rela-tes to an automatic i`:ire-arm of -the type inc~.uding a frame supportlng a casillF to which a barrel is fi~ecl, a chamber formed :i.n -t;he casi.ng acljacen-t the breech of the barreL and :in which a bol.t carryi.rlg a :~i.ring p:i.n is rnovably mount-ed, the bolt being rnovable through the effec-t of -the pressure of gases producecl cluri.ng :[`iri.ng rrorn a ~orward or closing positi.on, i.n which i.t closes the breech, -to a wi.thdrawn or open position agai.ns-t the ac-tion of firs-t resilien-t means biassing it i.nto -the closing posi.t;:ion, a hammer block mounted in the chamber a.nd rnovable between a first withdrawn or arrni.ng posltion ancl a :forward or striking positi.on i.n which it is abl.e to act on -the firing pin, second resilient means which bias the harnmer block from -the wi-thdrawn position to the forward s-triki.ng position, and a trigger or firing mechanism which is actua-ted by a firing lever or -trig-ger and i.s operable t;o allow the movement of the hammer blocl< :t`rom the arm:ing position to the striking posit-ion.
Automa-t:i.c f`i.re-arms of the type specified above al.low bursts of shots to be fired with a very high ra-te of fire.
As is known, control of the fire-arm becomes uncertai.n when firing burs-ts of shots, that i.s -to say, it is very di.-.~fi.cul.t to keep the weapon pointed at the target since it tends to "cl:imb". This resul-ts in less accura-te f`:i.r:ing and cons:iderable wastage, since the nurnber of poorly-almed shots :fi.red is anyth1ng 31~
o-ther than negligible.
It has been attempted to avoid this disadvantage by making heavier fire-arms which thus have a greater inertia, thereby reducing the "climbing" of the weapon during firing.
This solution is unsatisfactory, however, since the greater weight of the fire-arms makes it less mana-geable and also costlier to manufacture.
The object of the present invention is to provide an automa~ic fire-arm which is free from the disadvan-tage present in fire-arms made according to the prior art, and which is therefore light, easy to handle, and able to fire bursts of shots with high accuracy and stability.
In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides an automatic fire-arm of the afore-said type, the main characteristic o~ which lies in the fact that it includes:
a moveable one piece retaining member supported by sai~
frame for movement into and out of said chamber, said retaining member being moveable to a hammer block means retaining position by engagement with said bolt upon movement of said bolt and said hammer block means from the respective forward position to the respective withdrawn position wherein said retaining member engages and retains said hammer block means in the withdrawn position, and being moveable from said retaining position to a rest position in said chamber solely by engagement with said hammer block means only when said bolt is in said closing position out of engagement with said retaining member and . . .
. ~!,`, ,~, .
73~
a control member which is controlled by said trigger and cooperates with said retaining member, said control member being moveable between a first position in which it holds said retaining member in said retaining position when said trigger is released and a second position in which said control member allows movement of said retaining member from said retaining position to said rest position and back when said trigger is pulled.
In the fire-arm according to the present invent-ion, a delay time is introduced between the moment when the bolt reaches the closing position and the moment when the hammer block reaches -the striking po-sition. In other words, the fire-arm according to the invention achieves a three-stage cycle (joint with-drawal of the bolt and hammer block, advancement of the bolt alone, and advancement of the hammer block) .
instead of the two-stage cycle which occurs in conven-tional automatic fire-arms. This allows burs-ts of shots to be fired with a lower firing rate, greater stability and accuracy, and less wastage of ammunition.
F`urther characteristics and advantages of the fire-arrn according to the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows with reference to the appended drawings, provided pure-ly by way of non-limiting example, in which:
Figure ] is a partially-sectione~ side view of an automatic fire-arm according to the invention;
.,, ~. .
~'731~
. 4 ~'igure 2 is a partia-L section taken on the line r~ ot~ l igure I, and r`igures 3, ~ and 5 are parti,ally-sectioned side v:iews of i;l-le fire-arnl o:f Figure l, in tt1ree different ~j sl;s~.eS O:r oper~at iol~.
With rererence to ~igure l, an au-tomatic fire-arm according to the l.nvention comprises a frame or support structure, genera],ly indicated 1, compr:ising a shaped body 2 to which a grip 3 is fixed by means l.0 o-f screws ~. The body 2 is shaped substantially in the form of a tray and its wall has a longitudina.l s].o-t 5 close to the grip 3, in which a firing lever or -tri.gger 6 is movably mounted. T.n ~i,gure l, the trig~,ger 6 is shown i.n -the position which it adopts when it is released. This trigger has a notch 7 in i.ts cen-tral por-tion which, when -the trigger is pulled, i.s engageable with tl~e por-ti,on of` -the bottom wall o-f the body 2 adjacent -the slot 5.
The wall of -the shaped body 2 a].so has an aper-ture 8 connec-ted to one end of a tubular element 9 whi.ch acts as a gui.de I'or a clip or rnagazine 1.0 of ammunition. Thi.s magazine is of the conventional spring type. The tubular elemen-t 9 is provided wi-th a conventional pos:i.t:ioning devi.ce, generall.y indicated 'll, for ma:intai.ning the rnagaz;.ne lO in a fixed position relative t,o the tubul.ar element 9.
A tllbular part 1.5 i.s fixed to the shaped body
2 by a pa.ir of pi.ns 1.6, 17 which extend -through -the hol.es o-f respective :l.ugs 1.8, 1.9 fi.xed to the outer surface of the tubular part 15, and corresponding hol.es ~ 7;~1~
in -the side walls of the shaped body 2. The -tubular part, l5 is closed at one end by an end-piece 20.
Two centering sleeves 21, 22 are fixed in the tubular part 15, which locate respec-tively -the breech ancl mu7,z,]e ends of the barrel 23.
Withln the tubular part or casing 15, between the end-piece 20 and the breech O:r -the barrel 23, is a chamber 25.
By 26 ls ir-dica-ted a rod which extends longitudi-nally within the chamber 25. The rod 26 has a tang 26_ fixed to -the end-piece 20, a central portion 26b, and an end portion 26c which faces a barrel 23 and has a reduced diameter so as to define an annular shoulder 27 with the centra1 por-tion 26b.
A bo:lt 28 is movably mounted in the chamber 25.
The bolt 23 has an internal axial through-hole 29 in which a conventional -type of striker mechanism includ-ing a -thrust member 30 and a firing pin 31, is movably housed. In the part facing the barrel 23, ti-e hole 29 has a reduced diameter portion through which the shaft of the firing pin 31 ex-tends against the action of a sprinp, 32.
The bol-t 23 also has an axial hole 35 which o-pens -towards the rod 26. The hole 35 is aligned axial-ly with this rod, and has a :Larger diame-ter -than the central portion 26b of -the r-od. A helical spring 36 is located in the hole 35 of the bolt surrounding the portion 26c of the rod 26. This spring ac-ts at one end against the annular shoulder 27 of the rod 26 and at the other end against -the end wa]l of the hole 35
in -the side walls of the shaped body 2. The -tubular part, l5 is closed at one end by an end-piece 20.
Two centering sleeves 21, 22 are fixed in the tubular part 15, which locate respec-tively -the breech ancl mu7,z,]e ends of the barrel 23.
Withln the tubular part or casing 15, between the end-piece 20 and the breech O:r -the barrel 23, is a chamber 25.
By 26 ls ir-dica-ted a rod which extends longitudi-nally within the chamber 25. The rod 26 has a tang 26_ fixed to -the end-piece 20, a central portion 26b, and an end portion 26c which faces a barrel 23 and has a reduced diameter so as to define an annular shoulder 27 with the centra1 por-tion 26b.
A bo:lt 28 is movably mounted in the chamber 25.
The bolt 23 has an internal axial through-hole 29 in which a conventional -type of striker mechanism includ-ing a -thrust member 30 and a firing pin 31, is movably housed. In the part facing the barrel 23, ti-e hole 29 has a reduced diameter portion through which the shaft of the firing pin 31 ex-tends against the action of a sprinp, 32.
The bol-t 23 also has an axial hole 35 which o-pens -towards the rod 26. The hole 35 is aligned axial-ly with this rod, and has a :Larger diame-ter -than the central portion 26b of -the r-od. A helical spring 36 is located in the hole 35 of the bolt surrounding the portion 26c of the rod 26. This spring ac-ts at one end against the annular shoulder 27 of the rod 26 and at the other end against -the end wa]l of the hole 35
3~
in the bolt.
A cock:ing handle 40 is :flxed to thc upper part of the bol-t 28, ancl extencls -through an axial slot 41 in the upper wall o:~ the tubular part 15.
~j A hammer block 50 is dl.sposed in the chamber of the l,ubular par-t 15. The hammer block 50 has a recess 5~ in :it;s :.ower face. A sear 52 :i.s rotatably mounted in the recess 51 of the hammer bl,ock about a pin 53 wh:ich is carr:ied by th~.s block and ex-tends ~o perpendicular t,o the :Longitudinal. axis of the tubular par-t 15.
As shown in ~igure 2, the hammer block 50 has a hole 55 extending perpendicul.ar to the axis of the pi.n 53, whi.ch is rormed in a wall o:~ the recess 51 ~5 i.n a position facing the sear 52. In this hole 55 are disposed a thrust member 56 and a sp:ri.ng 57 which biasses the thrust member resiliently against -the sear 52.
As shown in Fi.gure 1, -the end of the sear 52 faci.ng the bolt 23 has a bevel, whi.ch defines an incli-ned surface 58.
At the top, the hamrner block 50 has an appendage which ex-tends transverse the longitudinal axis of the -tubular part 15 ar-ld has a guide hole 61 coaxial wi.th the rod 26. r`he diameter of the gui.de hol.e 61 i.s greater than the diameter of the central portion 26b of thi,s rod.
A helical spri.ng 62 is di.sposed around the rod 26 and the spri.ng 36, this spring 62 acti.ng a-t one end against the appendage 60 of the hammer block 50.
~7~
Preferably, the springs 36, 62 are wound in opposi-te d:irect:ions.
~ rocl~er :I.ever 70 i.s suppor-ted by -the shaped l-c~ly ~' I)e:l.ow -the~ tubular part; 1.5 and is pi.vo-ted about , a ~:in 7l cxl;ending perpenAicular -to -the longltudinal ax:i.s of` the lubul.ar part 15. The ends of the lever 70 have respect:ive pro~jections or teeth 72, 73 which face upwardl.y and extend -through respective aper-tures 75, 76 in the wall of` -the tubul.ar elernent 15 faci.ng -the shaped body 2. The teeth 72, 73 have rounded pro-fil~s.
As wi.ll be described below, the lever 70 is able to adopt a fi.rst position, termed the working or re-tainirlg posi-ti.on, in which the tooth 72 extends through the aper-ture 75 of the -tubu1ar part 15 and projects into -the chamber 25 of this tubular part. The lever is also able to adopt a second posi.tion, termed -the rest position, i.n which the -too-th 73 extends -through -the aperture 76 in the tubula:r part 15 and projects into the chamber 25. The upper surface of the lever 70 facing -the -tubular part 15 has a notch in the par-t between the pin 71 and the tooth 73.
This notch has an :inclined surface 31 which connects the bottonn surf`ace of the notch -to -the portion of the upper surface of the lever 70 adjacent the too-th 73.
A pin 32 is fixed to the upper part of -the trig-ger 6 and extends parallel -to the pivo-t pin 71 of -the lever 70. When the trigger is in its released posit-ion (~i.gure 1), the pin 32 enga~,es that por-tion of 3c) the upper surface o:~ the lever 70 between the notch .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . .. . ..
80 and the tool;h 73, maintaining the lever in the work-:ing position clefinecl above, as shown :in F`i.gure 1, The operat:ion Or the automatic fire-arm accord-ing l:o the inventi,on wil~ now be describecl with refe-rel-lcc to r igures 1, 3, 4 and 5.
It ;is assumed tha-t the fire-arrn :is ini-tially in its rest condition shown in F:igure 1, wherein the bolt 2~ is :in its forward or cl,osing posl,tion, the hammer bl.ock is i.n its forward or striki.ng posi-ti.on in cont:ac-t with the bol.t, and the return springs 36, 62 are relaxed.
Manual. operation of the cocking handle 40 causes movement of -the bol-t 28 and hammer block from -their forward positi,ons to their withdrawn or arming posi-t-i,ons shown in Figure 3. As a result of -thi.s operat-ion, the bolt 23 con~presses the spring 36, while the hammer block 50 cornpresses the spring 62 which, as will be cl,arified below, provi,des -the energy for fir-ing. In the course of -the movemen-t, the bolt slides over -the front too-th 73 of the rocker lever 70 whi.ch is main-tained in the posi-tion shown in F`i.gure l by -the pin 82 carried by -the trigger 6, and, after the initial part Or the movernent, the sear 52 of the hammer block 50 encount:ers the rear reta;.rlirlg tooth '72 of the rocker ].ever 70, which pro~jec-ts into the chamber 25. The sear 52 :i.s thus made -to rotate abou-t the pin 53 to a'l],ow -the further withdrawal of the hammer block 50. During this rotati.on, -the sea:r 52 cornpresses the spri.ng 55, through -the thrust member 56. As soon as -the fron-t end of the sear 52 has passed over the re-.. .... . .. .. . . . ..... ... .... ... ..
tailling too-th '72, -the sea:r is returned to i-ts ini-tial pos;ti.orl b~y l.~e thrust impartecl -through -t~le thrust member 56 uncler the action o:E` the spring 55. In this posi.l;i.on, the sear 52 is ready -to hear agains-t the rear retairling too-th 72 of` the rocker lever 70.
When -l;he coclc:ing handle 40 is released, the bolt 28 is returned to il;s closing posi-tion by the ex-tension of -the return spring 36. During this return movemen-t the bolt 28 strips a cartridge from -the cl,ip or maga-zine 10 by rneans Or a shaped heel., and -thrus-ts it in-to the barrel 23 (Figure 4). The hammer block 50 i.s urged by its re-turn spring 62 and -tends -to advance, bu-t after movi.ng a very shor-t d:i.s-tance is retained i.n a withdrawn positi,on by the engagernent of the sear 52 wi-th -the rear re-taining -tooth 72 o-f -the rocker lever 70.
In this condi-tion, the fire--arm is ready -for fi,ring.
~ or firi.ng, it suffices -to pull -the trigger 6.
When the trigger is pulled, the pin 82 moves -towards -the rear of the fire-arm until i-t is in a posi.tion facing the notch 80 oE` the rocker lever 70. In -this condition, the front end of the sear 52 overcomes -the opposition o:E' the retaining tooth 72 due to the action exerted by the return spri.ng 62 on the hammer b].ock 50, and the rocker lever 70 rotates in an anti.-clock-wise sense, l;his rotation being caused by -the thrus-t of the inclined end sur:L`ace 58 of the sear 52 bearing agai.nst -the rear retaining too-th 72. The hammer block is no longer re-tained and i.s released under the acti.on of -the re-t;urn spri.ng 62, be:ing brought to bear .... ., .......... , .. ~ ... .... .. . . .. . , .. . , .. ~ . . . . . . . , .;, ~L8t7~
aga:i.rls-t -the bolt 28 and then against -the rear end of the thrust member 30 of -the striker mechanism. This ~ rl.l;t member urges the firing pi.n 31 to s-trike the percussi.on cap of the cartr:idge in the breech of the '; barrc]. (l~igure 5).
Once the bullet; has lef-t the pressure of the gases producecl by the propellan-t charge ac-ts on -the base of the cartridge case which bears agail~st the front end face Or -the bolt 28 to achieve temporary contac-t and cause the withdrawal of -the bol-t together with the hammer block 50 -towards their respective arming positions. Dur:i.ng this withdrawal the bol-t 28 carr:i.es the spent cartridge case -towards an ejec-tor -tooth which i.s of conventional -type (not shown). The case knocks agains-t this ejector tooth and is flipped towards an ejector aperture (no-t shown).
The bol-t and the hamrner block re-turn to the arm-ing position (Figure 3).
~ lhile -the -trigger 6 is pulled -the pin 82 carried -thereby faces the notch 80 in the rocker lever 70.
In the wi.thdrawal stage the lower rear corner of the bolt 28 which is preferably bevelled pushes the front -tooth 73 of the rocker lever downwardly to cause -the rear retaini.ng too-th 72 of this lever -to be raised and thus prearranged to retain the harnmer block 50 ln its withdrawn and arrning position. The return springs 36 62 are compressecl simultaneously during this withdrawing movement. When -the wi-thdrawn posit-i.on is reached the bol-t 28 returns to the c].osing position under the action of` -the return spring 36.
3-~
Just before it reaches this position, the bol-t 23 cl.ears Ihe aperture 76 -through which the tooth 73 of l.he roclcer lever 70 ectends, so that the latter again rotat;es in an anti-cl.ockw:ise sense due to the aetion of the inclined plane 5~ of the sear 52 of the hammer block on the rear retaining tooth 72. Thus, the hammer block 50 i.s released to advance and strike the rear end O:r the thrust member 30 of the s-triker mechanism, caus-ing -the f`iring o:f` a subsequen-t round.
Naturally, the opera-tion is repeated con-tinuously in t;he above described manner, as long as the -trigger 6 remai.ns in the fi.ring position.
Y`he automatic ~ire-arm according to the invent:ion has the advantage of allowing the :~iri.ng of bursts a-t ~5 a low ra-te of fire. This results from -the delay whieh is introduced between -the moment when -the bolt reaches the closing posi-tion in each eyele, and the subsequent mornent when the hammer block, onee released, reaehes the striking position.
This characteristic results in exceptional s-tabi-li-ty and accuracy of firing of -the fire-arrn which there-fore does not have any tendency to clirnb.
A -~irther advantage lies in the noticeabl.e incre-ase in the :firing power achieved by the fac-t -that fir-25 ing occurs with the bolt closed.
It is also possible to make automatie fire-arms whieh are light and easy to handle, and whieh have eon-siderable aecuraey during a sustained burst of firing typieal of automa-t;ic .f`ire-arrns. Moreover, the low rate 30 of firing also ensures redueed ammuni-tion wastage.
,, .. , .. .... ... ... -
in the bolt.
A cock:ing handle 40 is :flxed to thc upper part of the bol-t 28, ancl extencls -through an axial slot 41 in the upper wall o:~ the tubular part 15.
~j A hammer block 50 is dl.sposed in the chamber of the l,ubular par-t 15. The hammer block 50 has a recess 5~ in :it;s :.ower face. A sear 52 :i.s rotatably mounted in the recess 51 of the hammer bl,ock about a pin 53 wh:ich is carr:ied by th~.s block and ex-tends ~o perpendicular t,o the :Longitudinal. axis of the tubular par-t 15.
As shown in ~igure 2, the hammer block 50 has a hole 55 extending perpendicul.ar to the axis of the pi.n 53, whi.ch is rormed in a wall o:~ the recess 51 ~5 i.n a position facing the sear 52. In this hole 55 are disposed a thrust member 56 and a sp:ri.ng 57 which biasses the thrust member resiliently against -the sear 52.
As shown in Fi.gure 1, -the end of the sear 52 faci.ng the bolt 23 has a bevel, whi.ch defines an incli-ned surface 58.
At the top, the hamrner block 50 has an appendage which ex-tends transverse the longitudinal axis of the -tubular part 15 ar-ld has a guide hole 61 coaxial wi.th the rod 26. r`he diameter of the gui.de hol.e 61 i.s greater than the diameter of the central portion 26b of thi,s rod.
A helical spri.ng 62 is di.sposed around the rod 26 and the spri.ng 36, this spring 62 acti.ng a-t one end against the appendage 60 of the hammer block 50.
~7~
Preferably, the springs 36, 62 are wound in opposi-te d:irect:ions.
~ rocl~er :I.ever 70 i.s suppor-ted by -the shaped l-c~ly ~' I)e:l.ow -the~ tubular part; 1.5 and is pi.vo-ted about , a ~:in 7l cxl;ending perpenAicular -to -the longltudinal ax:i.s of` the lubul.ar part 15. The ends of the lever 70 have respect:ive pro~jections or teeth 72, 73 which face upwardl.y and extend -through respective aper-tures 75, 76 in the wall of` -the tubul.ar elernent 15 faci.ng -the shaped body 2. The teeth 72, 73 have rounded pro-fil~s.
As wi.ll be described below, the lever 70 is able to adopt a fi.rst position, termed the working or re-tainirlg posi-ti.on, in which the tooth 72 extends through the aper-ture 75 of the -tubu1ar part 15 and projects into -the chamber 25 of this tubular part. The lever is also able to adopt a second posi.tion, termed -the rest position, i.n which the -too-th 73 extends -through -the aperture 76 in the tubula:r part 15 and projects into the chamber 25. The upper surface of the lever 70 facing -the -tubular part 15 has a notch in the par-t between the pin 71 and the tooth 73.
This notch has an :inclined surface 31 which connects the bottonn surf`ace of the notch -to -the portion of the upper surface of the lever 70 adjacent the too-th 73.
A pin 32 is fixed to the upper part of -the trig-ger 6 and extends parallel -to the pivo-t pin 71 of -the lever 70. When the trigger is in its released posit-ion (~i.gure 1), the pin 32 enga~,es that por-tion of 3c) the upper surface o:~ the lever 70 between the notch .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . .. . ..
80 and the tool;h 73, maintaining the lever in the work-:ing position clefinecl above, as shown :in F`i.gure 1, The operat:ion Or the automatic fire-arm accord-ing l:o the inventi,on wil~ now be describecl with refe-rel-lcc to r igures 1, 3, 4 and 5.
It ;is assumed tha-t the fire-arrn :is ini-tially in its rest condition shown in F:igure 1, wherein the bolt 2~ is :in its forward or cl,osing posl,tion, the hammer bl.ock is i.n its forward or striki.ng posi-ti.on in cont:ac-t with the bol.t, and the return springs 36, 62 are relaxed.
Manual. operation of the cocking handle 40 causes movement of -the bol-t 28 and hammer block from -their forward positi,ons to their withdrawn or arming posi-t-i,ons shown in Figure 3. As a result of -thi.s operat-ion, the bolt 23 con~presses the spring 36, while the hammer block 50 cornpresses the spring 62 which, as will be cl,arified below, provi,des -the energy for fir-ing. In the course of -the movemen-t, the bolt slides over -the front too-th 73 of the rocker lever 70 whi.ch is main-tained in the posi-tion shown in F`i.gure l by -the pin 82 carried by -the trigger 6, and, after the initial part Or the movernent, the sear 52 of the hammer block 50 encount:ers the rear reta;.rlirlg tooth '72 of the rocker ].ever 70, which pro~jec-ts into the chamber 25. The sear 52 :i.s thus made -to rotate abou-t the pin 53 to a'l],ow -the further withdrawal of the hammer block 50. During this rotati.on, -the sea:r 52 cornpresses the spri.ng 55, through -the thrust member 56. As soon as -the fron-t end of the sear 52 has passed over the re-.. .... . .. .. . . . ..... ... .... ... ..
tailling too-th '72, -the sea:r is returned to i-ts ini-tial pos;ti.orl b~y l.~e thrust impartecl -through -t~le thrust member 56 uncler the action o:E` the spring 55. In this posi.l;i.on, the sear 52 is ready -to hear agains-t the rear retairling too-th 72 of` the rocker lever 70.
When -l;he coclc:ing handle 40 is released, the bolt 28 is returned to il;s closing posi-tion by the ex-tension of -the return spring 36. During this return movemen-t the bolt 28 strips a cartridge from -the cl,ip or maga-zine 10 by rneans Or a shaped heel., and -thrus-ts it in-to the barrel 23 (Figure 4). The hammer block 50 i.s urged by its re-turn spring 62 and -tends -to advance, bu-t after movi.ng a very shor-t d:i.s-tance is retained i.n a withdrawn positi,on by the engagernent of the sear 52 wi-th -the rear re-taining -tooth 72 o-f -the rocker lever 70.
In this condi-tion, the fire--arm is ready -for fi,ring.
~ or firi.ng, it suffices -to pull -the trigger 6.
When the trigger is pulled, the pin 82 moves -towards -the rear of the fire-arm until i-t is in a posi.tion facing the notch 80 oE` the rocker lever 70. In -this condition, the front end of the sear 52 overcomes -the opposition o:E' the retaining tooth 72 due to the action exerted by the return spri.ng 62 on the hammer b].ock 50, and the rocker lever 70 rotates in an anti.-clock-wise sense, l;his rotation being caused by -the thrus-t of the inclined end sur:L`ace 58 of the sear 52 bearing agai.nst -the rear retaining too-th 72. The hammer block is no longer re-tained and i.s released under the acti.on of -the re-t;urn spri.ng 62, be:ing brought to bear .... ., .......... , .. ~ ... .... .. . . .. . , .. . , .. ~ . . . . . . . , .;, ~L8t7~
aga:i.rls-t -the bolt 28 and then against -the rear end of the thrust member 30 of -the striker mechanism. This ~ rl.l;t member urges the firing pi.n 31 to s-trike the percussi.on cap of the cartr:idge in the breech of the '; barrc]. (l~igure 5).
Once the bullet; has lef-t the pressure of the gases producecl by the propellan-t charge ac-ts on -the base of the cartridge case which bears agail~st the front end face Or -the bolt 28 to achieve temporary contac-t and cause the withdrawal of -the bol-t together with the hammer block 50 -towards their respective arming positions. Dur:i.ng this withdrawal the bol-t 28 carr:i.es the spent cartridge case -towards an ejec-tor -tooth which i.s of conventional -type (not shown). The case knocks agains-t this ejector tooth and is flipped towards an ejector aperture (no-t shown).
The bol-t and the hamrner block re-turn to the arm-ing position (Figure 3).
~ lhile -the -trigger 6 is pulled -the pin 82 carried -thereby faces the notch 80 in the rocker lever 70.
In the wi.thdrawal stage the lower rear corner of the bolt 28 which is preferably bevelled pushes the front -tooth 73 of the rocker lever downwardly to cause -the rear retaini.ng too-th 72 of this lever -to be raised and thus prearranged to retain the harnmer block 50 ln its withdrawn and arrning position. The return springs 36 62 are compressecl simultaneously during this withdrawing movement. When -the wi-thdrawn posit-i.on is reached the bol-t 28 returns to the c].osing position under the action of` -the return spring 36.
3-~
Just before it reaches this position, the bol-t 23 cl.ears Ihe aperture 76 -through which the tooth 73 of l.he roclcer lever 70 ectends, so that the latter again rotat;es in an anti-cl.ockw:ise sense due to the aetion of the inclined plane 5~ of the sear 52 of the hammer block on the rear retaining tooth 72. Thus, the hammer block 50 i.s released to advance and strike the rear end O:r the thrust member 30 of the s-triker mechanism, caus-ing -the f`iring o:f` a subsequen-t round.
Naturally, the opera-tion is repeated con-tinuously in t;he above described manner, as long as the -trigger 6 remai.ns in the fi.ring position.
Y`he automatic ~ire-arm according to the invent:ion has the advantage of allowing the :~iri.ng of bursts a-t ~5 a low ra-te of fire. This results from -the delay whieh is introduced between -the moment when -the bolt reaches the closing posi-tion in each eyele, and the subsequent mornent when the hammer block, onee released, reaehes the striking position.
This characteristic results in exceptional s-tabi-li-ty and accuracy of firing of -the fire-arrn which there-fore does not have any tendency to clirnb.
A -~irther advantage lies in the noticeabl.e incre-ase in the :firing power achieved by the fac-t -that fir-25 ing occurs with the bolt closed.
It is also possible to make automatie fire-arms whieh are light and easy to handle, and whieh have eon-siderable aecuraey during a sustained burst of firing typieal of automa-t;ic .f`ire-arrns. Moreover, the low rate 30 of firing also ensures redueed ammuni-tion wastage.
,, .. , .. .... ... ... -
Claims (3)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An automatic firearm including: a frame; a casing supported by the frame; a barrel fixed to the casing; a chamber defined in the casing adjacent the breech end of the barrel; a bolt movably mounted in the chamber, said bolt being moveable through the effect of the pressure of the gases produced during firing from a forward closing position in which it closes the breech end of the barrel to a withdrawn open position; first resilient means biasing said bolt into said closing position; a firing pin carried by said bolt; hammer block means mounted in said chamber and movable between a withdrawn arming position and a forward striking position; a trigger and a firing mechanism actuated by said trigger and operable to allow the movement of the hammer block means from said arming position to said striking position wherein the improvement comprises:
a moveable one piece retaining member supported by said frame for movement into and out of said chamber, said retaining member being moveable to a hammer block means retaining position by engagement with said bolt upon movement of said bolt and said hammer block means from the respective forward position to the respective withdrawn position wherein said retaining member engages and retains said hammer block means in the withdrawn position, and being moveable from said retaining position to a rest position in said chamber solely by engagement with said hammer block means only when said bolt is in said closing position out of engagement with said retaining member and a control member which is controlled by said trigger and cooperates with said retaining member, said control member being moveable between a first position in which it holds said retaining member in said retaining position when said trigger is released and a second position in which said control member allows movement of said retaining member from said retaining position to said rest position and back when said trigger is pulled .
a moveable one piece retaining member supported by said frame for movement into and out of said chamber, said retaining member being moveable to a hammer block means retaining position by engagement with said bolt upon movement of said bolt and said hammer block means from the respective forward position to the respective withdrawn position wherein said retaining member engages and retains said hammer block means in the withdrawn position, and being moveable from said retaining position to a rest position in said chamber solely by engagement with said hammer block means only when said bolt is in said closing position out of engagement with said retaining member and a control member which is controlled by said trigger and cooperates with said retaining member, said control member being moveable between a first position in which it holds said retaining member in said retaining position when said trigger is released and a second position in which said control member allows movement of said retaining member from said retaining position to said rest position and back when said trigger is pulled .
2. A firearm according to Claim 1 wherein first and second apertures are provided in said casing wall defining said chamber, said first aperture being between the forward position and the withdrawn position of said bolt and said second aperture being between the forward position and the withdrawn position of said hammer block means; said moveable retaining member comprises a rocker lever rotatably mounted about an axis perpendicular to the path of movement of said hammer block means and said bolt, said lever having first and second projections at respective ends being rotatable about said axis between an angular rest position in which said first projection extends into said chamber through said first aperture and an angular hammer block means retaining position in which said second projection extends into said chamber through said second aperture; and said hammer block means includes locking means for engagement with said second projection of said lever when it is in said retaining position and said hammer block means is in said withdrawn position.
3. A firearm according to Claim 2 wherein said locking means comprises a sear pivotally mounted on said hammer block means and adapted to be moved to a passive position by engagement with said second projection of said lever upon movement of said hammer blocks means to said withdrawn position and resilient means for biasing said sear into active position in which it engages said second projection of said lever to hold said hammer block means in said withdrawn position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT67641/81A IT1144361B (en) | 1981-05-12 | 1981-05-12 | AUTOMATIC FIREARM |
| IT67641-A/81 | 1981-05-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1187319A true CA1187319A (en) | 1985-05-21 |
Family
ID=11304135
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000402434A Expired CA1187319A (en) | 1981-05-12 | 1982-05-06 | Automatic fire-arm |
Country Status (23)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4469006A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0070258B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5828995A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR860001010B1 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR230760A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE25427T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU548296B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8202705A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1187319A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3275401D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK152626C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES264854Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI76212C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR75503B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL65586A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1144361B (en) |
| MT (1) | MTP908B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO155745C (en) |
| PH (1) | PH19333A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT74869B (en) |
| TR (1) | TR22234A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU98582A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA822833B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4872391A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1989-10-10 | Ares, Inc. | Gun for firing telescoped ammunition, plus searing means |
| US5485776A (en) * | 1989-12-16 | 1996-01-23 | Bushman Limited | Mechanism for controlling the firing rate of an automatic weapon |
| US6019024A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-02-01 | Zdf Import Export, Inc. | Compact operating system for automatic rifles |
| US7596900B2 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2009-10-06 | Rmdi, L.L.C. | Multi-caliber ambidextrously controllable firearm |
| US7971379B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2011-07-05 | Rmdi, Llc | Firearm |
| US7743543B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2010-06-29 | Theodore Karagias | Trigger mechanism and a firearm containing the same |
| JP4696865B2 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2011-06-08 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | Document processing device |
| RU2525339C1 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-08-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Концерн "Калашников" | Lockwork |
| US9377255B2 (en) | 2014-02-03 | 2016-06-28 | Theodore Karagias | Multi-caliber firearms, bolt mechanisms, bolt lugs, and methods of using the same |
| RU2557578C1 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-07-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт точного машиностроения" | Firearm |
| US11067347B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-20 | Theodore Karagias | Firearm bolt assembly with a pivoting handle |
| CZ2020193A3 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-05-26 | Česká Zbrojovka A.S. | Assembly of hammer automatic system of the gun |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1190653A (en) * | 1916-04-12 | 1916-07-11 | Charles F Hughes | Automatic firearm. |
| US1425627A (en) * | 1920-02-24 | 1922-08-15 | Bardelli Arturo | Automatic firearm |
| GB229592A (en) * | 1924-04-14 | 1925-02-26 | Suisse Soc Ind | Improvements in automatic firearms |
| US2224758A (en) * | 1939-03-10 | 1940-12-10 | Savage Arms Corp | Release mechanism for semiautomatic firearms |
| US2357047A (en) * | 1940-07-30 | 1944-08-29 | Savage Arms Corp | Automatic firearm |
| GB604348A (en) * | 1943-01-27 | 1948-07-02 | Eugene Gustavus Reising | Improvements in automatic firearms |
| US2585620A (en) * | 1945-04-14 | 1952-02-12 | Mossberg & Sons O F | Firing mechanism for semi-automatic firearms and safety therefor |
| US3236154A (en) * | 1963-06-28 | 1966-02-22 | Howa Machinery Ltd | Mechanism for reducing the rate of fire in automatic firing arms |
-
1981
- 1981-05-12 IT IT67641/81A patent/IT1144361B/en active
-
1982
- 1982-01-13 US US06/339,224 patent/US4469006A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-04-15 DE DE8282830096T patent/DE3275401D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-15 EP EP82830096A patent/EP0070258B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-04-15 AT AT82830096T patent/ATE25427T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-22 IL IL65586A patent/IL65586A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-26 ZA ZA822833A patent/ZA822833B/en unknown
- 1982-04-29 ES ES1982264854U patent/ES264854Y/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-03 MT MT908A patent/MTP908B/en unknown
- 1982-05-06 CA CA000402434A patent/CA1187319A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-06 TR TR22234A patent/TR22234A/en unknown
- 1982-05-07 JP JP57077394A patent/JPS5828995A/en active Granted
- 1982-05-07 AU AU83523/82A patent/AU548296B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-05-07 GR GR68102A patent/GR75503B/el unknown
- 1982-05-10 YU YU00985/82A patent/YU98582A/en unknown
- 1982-05-10 PT PT74869A patent/PT74869B/en unknown
- 1982-05-10 FI FI821631A patent/FI76212C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-11 KR KR8202046A patent/KR860001010B1/en active
- 1982-05-11 BR BR8202705A patent/BR8202705A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-11 DK DK210482A patent/DK152626C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-11 NO NO821554A patent/NO155745C/en unknown
- 1982-05-11 PH PH27260A patent/PH19333A/en unknown
- 1982-05-12 AR AR289380A patent/AR230760A1/en active
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |