CA1196385A - Apparatus for improving the frequency stability of a transmitter oscillator circuit - Google Patents
Apparatus for improving the frequency stability of a transmitter oscillator circuitInfo
- Publication number
- CA1196385A CA1196385A CA000434351A CA434351A CA1196385A CA 1196385 A CA1196385 A CA 1196385A CA 000434351 A CA000434351 A CA 000434351A CA 434351 A CA434351 A CA 434351A CA 1196385 A CA1196385 A CA 1196385A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- radiating
- inductor
- loop
- radio frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1203—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1218—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the generator being of the balanced type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/0002—Types of oscillators
- H03B2200/0008—Colpitts oscillator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/0002—Types of oscillators
- H03B2200/001—Hartley oscillator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
- H03B2200/0098—Functional aspects of oscillators having a balanced output signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0491—Circuits with frequency synthesizers, frequency converters or modulators
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A novel apparatus and method for improving the stability of an electrical circuit such as an oscillator and/or a radio frequency transmitter which is coupled to a radiating element wherein the radiating element such as a loop is coupled to the inductor or capacitor of the frequency determing circuit of the oscillator so that frequency shifts will not occur due to inductive or capacitive effects. The oscillator circuit is mounted on an insulating sheet which has a ground plane on the opposite side thereof so as to provide effective shielding and the radiating element is mounted on a portion of the insulating sheet where the grounding plane does not extend. The radiating element is also coupled symmetrically to the inductor or capacitors of the frequency determining circuit and is connected at tap points which do not have the entire inductance between them.
A novel apparatus and method for improving the stability of an electrical circuit such as an oscillator and/or a radio frequency transmitter which is coupled to a radiating element wherein the radiating element such as a loop is coupled to the inductor or capacitor of the frequency determing circuit of the oscillator so that frequency shifts will not occur due to inductive or capacitive effects. The oscillator circuit is mounted on an insulating sheet which has a ground plane on the opposite side thereof so as to provide effective shielding and the radiating element is mounted on a portion of the insulating sheet where the grounding plane does not extend. The radiating element is also coupled symmetrically to the inductor or capacitors of the frequency determining circuit and is connected at tap points which do not have the entire inductance between them.
Description
3~35 SPECIFICATION
This invention relates in general to electrical oscîllators and in particular to iscillators used as transmitters and having a radiating element such as an antenna.
Th~ee basic oscillator circuits have been used in garage door transmitter circuits of thP prior art and such circuits without considering the DC connections and auxiliary components require an active device, a tuned circuit and a feedbac~ circuit. A circuit ground point where the AC potential with respect to a~ earth ground is zero generally exists at one of the electrodes of the active element such as a transistor. With small remote control unshielded battery operated transmitters having no external connection, a concept of a ground may be nebulous~
however, this concept becomes more obvious in a balanced circuit such as a circuit connected in push-pull with a pair of active elements or in the case of a shielded circuit. Where no actual ground exists in a transmitter or oscillating circuit, a "common" point or element of the active device can be defined.
Figure la illustrates a t'olpitts oscillator.
Figure lb ilLustrates a Hartley osci:Lla~or circuit and Figure lc illustrates a push-pull oseillator circuit.
It is obvious in the Hartley oscillator circuit of - Figure lb ~hat the mid-point of the coil is at AC ground potential. There is a virtual ground at the center of the coil in the circuit of Figure lc as well as in the circuit of Figure la where it is a point determined by the ratio of the two capacitors in the resonating circuit.
~ 3~ 5 Garage door transmitters operate in the frequency range such as 390 MHz and in this range, a tuning inductor can be constructed as a rela~ively large single turn loop illustrated in Figure 2 on a substrate 10.
The center of the loop is grounded as illustrated and a loop is formed as a wide flat strip so as to minimize series resistance and inductance per unit length of conductor and the efficiency of the loop as a radiator increases as the area increases.
Unfortunately, the circuit illustrated in Figure 2 is subject to pulling of its frequency from at least two separate sources. If an ungrounded conductive sheet is placed near and parallel to the loop, the frequency will rise due to loss of inductance caused by inductive coupling to the conductive sheet. On the other hand, if a metallic object is effectively grounded and is coupled capacitively to the "hot" end of the coil, the frequency will be lowered because of the increase in tuning capacitance. In certain cases, the two effects will tend to cancel each other but in general the frequency shift will be unacceptably large. The reason for this is that garage door transmitters for example must be precisely tùned so as to cause a particular receiver for a particular garage door to respond.
Frequency drift would cause other receivers not tuned - to the particular transmitter to respond and also would prevent the desired receiver from responding to the transmitter.
In the present invention an oscillator circuit is shielded by providing a conductive ground plane on the
This invention relates in general to electrical oscîllators and in particular to iscillators used as transmitters and having a radiating element such as an antenna.
Th~ee basic oscillator circuits have been used in garage door transmitter circuits of thP prior art and such circuits without considering the DC connections and auxiliary components require an active device, a tuned circuit and a feedbac~ circuit. A circuit ground point where the AC potential with respect to a~ earth ground is zero generally exists at one of the electrodes of the active element such as a transistor. With small remote control unshielded battery operated transmitters having no external connection, a concept of a ground may be nebulous~
however, this concept becomes more obvious in a balanced circuit such as a circuit connected in push-pull with a pair of active elements or in the case of a shielded circuit. Where no actual ground exists in a transmitter or oscillating circuit, a "common" point or element of the active device can be defined.
Figure la illustrates a t'olpitts oscillator.
Figure lb ilLustrates a Hartley osci:Lla~or circuit and Figure lc illustrates a push-pull oseillator circuit.
It is obvious in the Hartley oscillator circuit of - Figure lb ~hat the mid-point of the coil is at AC ground potential. There is a virtual ground at the center of the coil in the circuit of Figure lc as well as in the circuit of Figure la where it is a point determined by the ratio of the two capacitors in the resonating circuit.
~ 3~ 5 Garage door transmitters operate in the frequency range such as 390 MHz and in this range, a tuning inductor can be constructed as a rela~ively large single turn loop illustrated in Figure 2 on a substrate 10.
The center of the loop is grounded as illustrated and a loop is formed as a wide flat strip so as to minimize series resistance and inductance per unit length of conductor and the efficiency of the loop as a radiator increases as the area increases.
Unfortunately, the circuit illustrated in Figure 2 is subject to pulling of its frequency from at least two separate sources. If an ungrounded conductive sheet is placed near and parallel to the loop, the frequency will rise due to loss of inductance caused by inductive coupling to the conductive sheet. On the other hand, if a metallic object is effectively grounded and is coupled capacitively to the "hot" end of the coil, the frequency will be lowered because of the increase in tuning capacitance. In certain cases, the two effects will tend to cancel each other but in general the frequency shift will be unacceptably large. The reason for this is that garage door transmitters for example must be precisely tùned so as to cause a particular receiver for a particular garage door to respond.
Frequency drift would cause other receivers not tuned - to the particular transmitter to respond and also would prevent the desired receiver from responding to the transmitter.
In the present invention an oscillator circuit is shielded by providing a conductive ground plane on the
-2-~ ~6 ~ ~
reverse side of an insulating substrate such as a ceramic substrate in those areas of the oscillator circuit which include the active element and the resonant circuit and the feedback path. A separate unshielded loop antenna is connected to tap points on the inductor of the resonant circuit and is mounted on a portion of the substrate where a grounding plane is not present on the opposite side.
Furthermore, the unshielded loop antenna will be connected to points on the tuning inductor such that it is tapped across a small portion of the tuning coil. The results are that the capacitive type interference mentioned above will not be present because the antenna loop is at virtual ground potential. Inductive coupling will be minimized because the antenna coil is tapped across a small portion of the tuning coil. This will result in less radiation for a given amount of oscillator power but the U.S. Government regulations severely restrict the permissible amount of radiated power.
The invention can also work with a capacitor voltage divider and the circuit results in stable oscillator which is not subject to drift or frequency pull.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following des-cription of certain preferred embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings although variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure and in which:
ON THE DRAWINGS
Figure la illustrates a Colpitts oscillator of the prior art;
~ 3 ~ ~
Figure lb illustrates a Hartley oscillator of the prior ar~;
Figure lc illustrates a push-pull oscillator;
Figure 2 illustrates a Colpitts oscillator with a loop inductor;
Figure 3 illustrates the oscillator of the invention with an external loop antenna;
Figure 4 illustrates a modification of the invention utilizing antenna feed with tapped capacitors;
Figure 5 illustrates a plan view of the invention; and Figure 6 is an electrical schematic of the cir-cuit of Figure 5.
Figure 2 illustrates a Colpitts oscillator with a loop inductor of the prior art which is ~ormed on an insulating substrate 10 and which can be formed in hybrid fashion with the transistor mounted on the board with the emitter connected to ground and the base connected to one end of the loop conductor LT. A pair of capacitors Cc and Ce are connected in series across the loop induc~or LT
and the midpoint is grounded. This circuit is subject to frequency shift as explained above.
Figure 3 illustrates the invention wherein a substrate 10 of insulating material is provided with a conductive layer as for example, of copper foil 11 on the backside thereof and such conductive layer extends to a line 12 as shown. The driving transistor Ql, the capacitors Cc and Ce and the inductor LT are connected as shown and are ormed on the side opposite the layer ll of conductive foil.
An external loop antenna 16 is formed on the ~ 3~ 5 14 which does not have the ground plane 11 on the other side thereof and the ends 17 and 18 are tapped to the inductor Lt at points which are symmetrical with respect to the ground or center point of the înductor and also intermediate the ends of the inductor so that only a portion of the total induc~ance is tapped by the external loop antenna 16.
The detuning effects and frequency drift are minimized by the circuit of the invention illustrated in Figure 3. The entire oscillator circuit is shielded so that coupling effects to the circuit are greatly lowered.
: In a specific hybrid circuit constructed according to the invention, the shielding was accomplished by using a ground plane of copper foil on the reverse side of a ceramic substrate lO about 0.025 inches in thickness and the substrate lO was a ceramic substrate. It is to be realized, of course, that without the loop antenna 16 that the circuit would not radiate because of the ground plane but with the loop antenna 16 which is connected across a section of the tuning inductor which is at virtually ground potential radiation occurs. Capacitive type interference mentioned above was not present in the structure because the antenna loop 16 is at virtual ground potential. Inductive coupling will be minimized because %5 the antenna coil 16 is tapped across a small portion of the tuning coil. Although this might result in less radiation for a given amoun~ of oscillator power as compared to the circuit of Figure 2, the U.S. Government regulations severely restrict the permissible amount of radiated power and more than adequate power will be ~63~35 radiated with ~he invention illustrated in Fîgure 3.
Figure 4 illustrates a modification of the invention wherein the external loop antenna 19 is coupled using a capacitive voltage divider comprising the capaci~ors C4, C5, C6 and C7 and using a push-pull type oscillator with a pair of transistors Ql and Ql' connected as shown. The ground plane 11 extends to the line 12 as in the embodiment o~ Figure 3.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate practical embodiments of the invention which have been constructed and operated successfully and in the circuit of Figure 6 the driving voltage Vcc, a base to battery resistor RB, a capacitor CB , and inductor Lo and a capacitor CB connected as shown were utilized. The loop antenna 19 had its ends 21 and 22 coupled to the inductor Lt. In addition, a tunable capacitor CT was connected in parallel with the inductor Lt and the capacitors Cc and Ce, Figure 5 illustrates the substrate 10 with a conductive foil 11 formed on a portion of the substrate and extending to the line 12. The loop antenna 19 was formed with a relatively wide conductive foil 19 as shown and its ends 21 and 22 tapped onto the inductance Lt which also was a relatively wide conductive foil formed as shown. The inductance Lc extends from the tap point 21 to a foil region 30 across which the resistor Rb was connected. The other conductive regions correspond to the various capacitors and inductors illustrated in Figure 6 and the transistor Ql had its base connected to a foil region 31, its emitter connected to a grounded region 32 and its collector connected to a reglon 33 which is connected to one side of the tuning inductor Lt.
~ 3~ 5 The capacitor Ct is formed between interdigitally formed foil portions 34 and 36 with the portions 34 connected to the foil 33 and the fingers 36 connected to the foil 37 which is connected to and forms the main inductor Lt.
In an oscillator constructed according to the invention, the substrate 10 was one inch by two inches.
The circuit has been constructed and tested and is very stable and is not subjected to frequency drift as are the prior art oscillators.
Although the invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it is not to be so limited as changes and modifications can be made which are within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
reverse side of an insulating substrate such as a ceramic substrate in those areas of the oscillator circuit which include the active element and the resonant circuit and the feedback path. A separate unshielded loop antenna is connected to tap points on the inductor of the resonant circuit and is mounted on a portion of the substrate where a grounding plane is not present on the opposite side.
Furthermore, the unshielded loop antenna will be connected to points on the tuning inductor such that it is tapped across a small portion of the tuning coil. The results are that the capacitive type interference mentioned above will not be present because the antenna loop is at virtual ground potential. Inductive coupling will be minimized because the antenna coil is tapped across a small portion of the tuning coil. This will result in less radiation for a given amount of oscillator power but the U.S. Government regulations severely restrict the permissible amount of radiated power.
The invention can also work with a capacitor voltage divider and the circuit results in stable oscillator which is not subject to drift or frequency pull.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following des-cription of certain preferred embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings although variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure and in which:
ON THE DRAWINGS
Figure la illustrates a Colpitts oscillator of the prior art;
~ 3 ~ ~
Figure lb illustrates a Hartley oscillator of the prior ar~;
Figure lc illustrates a push-pull oscillator;
Figure 2 illustrates a Colpitts oscillator with a loop inductor;
Figure 3 illustrates the oscillator of the invention with an external loop antenna;
Figure 4 illustrates a modification of the invention utilizing antenna feed with tapped capacitors;
Figure 5 illustrates a plan view of the invention; and Figure 6 is an electrical schematic of the cir-cuit of Figure 5.
Figure 2 illustrates a Colpitts oscillator with a loop inductor of the prior art which is ~ormed on an insulating substrate 10 and which can be formed in hybrid fashion with the transistor mounted on the board with the emitter connected to ground and the base connected to one end of the loop conductor LT. A pair of capacitors Cc and Ce are connected in series across the loop induc~or LT
and the midpoint is grounded. This circuit is subject to frequency shift as explained above.
Figure 3 illustrates the invention wherein a substrate 10 of insulating material is provided with a conductive layer as for example, of copper foil 11 on the backside thereof and such conductive layer extends to a line 12 as shown. The driving transistor Ql, the capacitors Cc and Ce and the inductor LT are connected as shown and are ormed on the side opposite the layer ll of conductive foil.
An external loop antenna 16 is formed on the ~ 3~ 5 14 which does not have the ground plane 11 on the other side thereof and the ends 17 and 18 are tapped to the inductor Lt at points which are symmetrical with respect to the ground or center point of the înductor and also intermediate the ends of the inductor so that only a portion of the total induc~ance is tapped by the external loop antenna 16.
The detuning effects and frequency drift are minimized by the circuit of the invention illustrated in Figure 3. The entire oscillator circuit is shielded so that coupling effects to the circuit are greatly lowered.
: In a specific hybrid circuit constructed according to the invention, the shielding was accomplished by using a ground plane of copper foil on the reverse side of a ceramic substrate lO about 0.025 inches in thickness and the substrate lO was a ceramic substrate. It is to be realized, of course, that without the loop antenna 16 that the circuit would not radiate because of the ground plane but with the loop antenna 16 which is connected across a section of the tuning inductor which is at virtually ground potential radiation occurs. Capacitive type interference mentioned above was not present in the structure because the antenna loop 16 is at virtual ground potential. Inductive coupling will be minimized because %5 the antenna coil 16 is tapped across a small portion of the tuning coil. Although this might result in less radiation for a given amoun~ of oscillator power as compared to the circuit of Figure 2, the U.S. Government regulations severely restrict the permissible amount of radiated power and more than adequate power will be ~63~35 radiated with ~he invention illustrated in Fîgure 3.
Figure 4 illustrates a modification of the invention wherein the external loop antenna 19 is coupled using a capacitive voltage divider comprising the capaci~ors C4, C5, C6 and C7 and using a push-pull type oscillator with a pair of transistors Ql and Ql' connected as shown. The ground plane 11 extends to the line 12 as in the embodiment o~ Figure 3.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate practical embodiments of the invention which have been constructed and operated successfully and in the circuit of Figure 6 the driving voltage Vcc, a base to battery resistor RB, a capacitor CB , and inductor Lo and a capacitor CB connected as shown were utilized. The loop antenna 19 had its ends 21 and 22 coupled to the inductor Lt. In addition, a tunable capacitor CT was connected in parallel with the inductor Lt and the capacitors Cc and Ce, Figure 5 illustrates the substrate 10 with a conductive foil 11 formed on a portion of the substrate and extending to the line 12. The loop antenna 19 was formed with a relatively wide conductive foil 19 as shown and its ends 21 and 22 tapped onto the inductance Lt which also was a relatively wide conductive foil formed as shown. The inductance Lc extends from the tap point 21 to a foil region 30 across which the resistor Rb was connected. The other conductive regions correspond to the various capacitors and inductors illustrated in Figure 6 and the transistor Ql had its base connected to a foil region 31, its emitter connected to a grounded region 32 and its collector connected to a reglon 33 which is connected to one side of the tuning inductor Lt.
~ 3~ 5 The capacitor Ct is formed between interdigitally formed foil portions 34 and 36 with the portions 34 connected to the foil 33 and the fingers 36 connected to the foil 37 which is connected to and forms the main inductor Lt.
In an oscillator constructed according to the invention, the substrate 10 was one inch by two inches.
The circuit has been constructed and tested and is very stable and is not subjected to frequency drift as are the prior art oscillators.
Although the invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it is not to be so limited as changes and modifications can be made which are within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy comprising, a planar insulating member, a conductive layer attached to one planar surface of said insulating member to cover a portion of its area, a radio frequency oscillator attached to the second planar surface of said insulating member over said conductive layer, and a radiating loop coupled to said oscillator and attached to said second planar surface of said insulating member over the portion of said one planar surface of said insulating member not covered by said conductive layer.
2. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy according to claim 1 wherein said oscillator includes a resonant circuit with a virtual ground and said radiating loop attached to said resonant circuit so that it is symmetrical to ground.
3. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy according to claim 2 wherein said resonant circuit includes an inductor and said radiating loop is symmetrically coupled to said inductor.
4. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy according to claim 2 wherein said resonant circuit includes a plurality of capacitors and said radiating loop is symmetrically coupled to said plurality of capacitors.
5. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy according to claim 3 wherein the center of said inductor is grounded and said radiating loop has its opposite ends attached to points on said inductor which are on opposite sides of its center.
6. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy according to claim 5 wherein said radiating loop has its opposite ends attached to points on said inductor at which the inductances to ground are equal.
7. A circuit for radiating radio frequency energy according to claim 6 wherein said radiating loop is attached to said inductor at points on said inductor which do not encompass the total inductanct of said inductor.
8. A circuit for radiating energy according to claim 7 wherein said radiating loop is formed as conducting foil which is attached to said insulating member.
9. A circuit for radiating energy according to claim 8 wherein said inductor is formed as a conducting foil which is attached to said insulating member.
10. A circuit for radiating energy according to claim 9 wherein said insulating member is a ceramic substrate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US421,285 | 1982-09-22 | ||
| US06/421,285 US4453269A (en) | 1982-09-22 | 1982-09-22 | Apparatus for improving the frequency stability of a transmitter oscillator circuit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1196385A true CA1196385A (en) | 1985-11-05 |
Family
ID=23669921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000434351A Expired CA1196385A (en) | 1982-09-22 | 1983-08-11 | Apparatus for improving the frequency stability of a transmitter oscillator circuit |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4453269A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5970321A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1196385A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3332307A1 (en) |
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| US4736454A (en) * | 1983-09-15 | 1988-04-05 | Ball Corporation | Integrated oscillator and microstrip antenna system |
| USRE35364E (en) | 1985-10-29 | 1996-10-29 | The Chamberlain Group, Inc. | Coding system for multiple transmitters and a single receiver for a garage door opener |
| US4749963A (en) * | 1985-12-11 | 1988-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Oscillator having stripline loop resonator |
| JPH0276496A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1990-03-15 | Alpine Electron Inc | Remote controller |
| US5025704A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1991-06-25 | Airjack Wireless Systems Incorporated | Cordless guitar transmitter |
| JPH0353045U (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-05-22 | ||
| US5818880A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1998-10-06 | Honeywell Inc. | MMIC telemetry transmitter |
| US5568095A (en) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-10-22 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Balanced oscillator and transmitter arrangement |
| JPH09102749A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-04-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Radio transmitter device |
| US6225873B1 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 2001-05-01 | Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. | Frequency shift key modulating oscillator |
| DE19548268C2 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 2000-02-17 | Telefunken Microelectron | Locking system |
| US5771441A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1998-06-23 | Altstatt; John E. | Small, battery operated RF transmitter for portable audio devices for use with headphones with RF receiver |
| ATE205043T1 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 2001-09-15 | Magnetek Spa | SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR DISCHARGE LAMPS WITH SYMMETRIC RESONANCE CIRCUIT |
| US6175280B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2001-01-16 | Radio Adventures Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling and stabilizing oscillators |
| US20020025805A1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-28 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Remote signalling transmitter for use in various vehicle systems |
| JP2002252521A (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-06 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Loop antenna device |
| US7158049B2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2007-01-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Wireless communication circuit |
| JP4489539B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社マキタ | Radar equipment |
| TW200835056A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-16 | Advanced Connectek Inc | Loop-type coupling antenna |
| US9324230B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2016-04-26 | Gentex Corporation | System and method for configuring a wireless control system of a vehicle using induction field communication |
| KR20120088692A (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2012-08-08 | 텔레호낙티에볼라게트 엘엠 에릭슨(피유비엘) | An oscillator, a frequency synthesizer and a network node for use in a telecommunication network |
| US10461695B2 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2019-10-29 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Planar differential inductor with fixed differential and common mode inductance |
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| US3412403A (en) * | 1964-12-22 | 1968-11-19 | Carl I. Peters Jr. | Radiating tuned inductance coil antenna |
| US3611146A (en) * | 1969-05-20 | 1971-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Integrated microwave radiator and generator |
| US3598951A (en) * | 1969-08-08 | 1971-08-10 | Julius W Mann | Self-excited, self-tuning and self-loading generator in which the load is an inherent part of the tank circuit capacitance and inductance |
| JPS5641001B1 (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1981-09-25 | ||
| JPS51144554A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1976-12-11 | Meisei Electric Co Ltd | Microwave oscillator |
| JPS524707U (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-01-13 | ||
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-
1982
- 1982-09-22 US US06/421,285 patent/US4453269A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-08-11 CA CA000434351A patent/CA1196385A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-08-18 JP JP58149699A patent/JPS5970321A/en active Granted
- 1983-09-07 DE DE19833332307 patent/DE3332307A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5970321A (en) | 1984-04-20 |
| DE3332307A1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
| JPS6337532B2 (en) | 1988-07-26 |
| US4453269A (en) | 1984-06-05 |
| DE3332307C2 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |