CA1235045A - Open-mesh fabric - Google Patents
Open-mesh fabricInfo
- Publication number
- CA1235045A CA1235045A CA000459195A CA459195A CA1235045A CA 1235045 A CA1235045 A CA 1235045A CA 000459195 A CA000459195 A CA 000459195A CA 459195 A CA459195 A CA 459195A CA 1235045 A CA1235045 A CA 1235045A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- warp
- fabric
- weft
- groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
- Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
- Y10T442/109—Metal or metal-coated fiber-containing scrim
Abstract
Abstract For use as an underwater covering mat to minimise erosion, there is provided a dimensionally stable, flexible and open-mesh woven fabric composed of thread like wire elements as warp and weft. The construction is characterized in that the warp elements are arranged in groups and the distance between each two successive groups, as well as between each two successive wefts, is between 0.8 cm and 6 cm. The clamping force of the warp elements on the weft elements in a group is such that axial shift of the weft elements occurs only in the event of axial tensile loading of at least 1% of the breaking strength of these weft elements.
Description
L~8~l32E
Open-mesh fabric The invention relates to an open-mesh7 flexible and dimensionally stable woven fabric of wire elements, e.g. wire strands or cords, which in particular it usable as an underwater covering mat.
'In civil engineering works it is known to use covering mats for rlver-heds or banks, for dams or dikes, in order to protect them against erosion by wash or currents. These mats may comprise a supporting netting to which ballast blocks, for example asphalt plates, are fixed.
It is an object of the invention to provide such a woven netting, which in particular possesses the characteristic of retaining its dimensional stability when loaded with ballast elements despite its small weight (open-mesh) and its pronounced flexibility. This flexibility is required as the fabric must faithfully follow and adjust itself against the relief and inequalities of the bed or bank to be covered. This dimensional stability requires that the warp and weft wires in the fabric can little or barely shift with respect to each other under the influence of the ballast weights which are locally fixed to the fabric, for example by means of binding wires or cords or hooks. Hence the meshes should not excessively deform in the connection zones of the ballast weights. This means that it should be prevented that the fabric locally elongates or contracts in the connection zones so forming bulges. Therefore, it will be necessary to use warp and weft elements which possess a high tensile modulus (and if possible also a high bending modulus).
At the launch of a ballast loaded covering mat, for example to the sea-bottom at a depth of some 30 meters, usually the mat is unrolled from n shop and it is (substantially vertically) lowered over the zones to be covered to the sea-bottom in order to stubbles these zones, for example Lo the construction of pillars for bridges, walls for harbors, docks, locks, etc. This hanging and loaded mat must thus be capable of sustaining a large tensile force when 'bullying lowered. The fabric warp, which extends in the unrolling direction, must be adapted for this purpose. The fabric strength in the warp direction will therefore normally be selected higher than in the weft direction. Since, apart from the higher strength, the flexibility of the fabric must also remain assured in the warp direction, no warp elements shall be used which are an order of magnitude thicker and hence more rigid than the weft elements. The wire elements in the warp and weft shall therefore have a tensile strength, respectively a rigidity Ox the same order of magnitude.
According to the invention these requirements of lo flexibility, strength and mesh stability under ballast loading) are met by a dimensionally stable, flexible fend open-mesh woven fabric, comprising a plurality of inter-woven warp and weft elements comprised of thread-like elements, wherein the warp elements are arranged in groups comprising a plurality of warp elements extending parallel to one another with each warp element extending sinusoidal so that it alternately extends over and under the weft elements, said weft elements being axially movable with respect to said groups of warp elements, wherein said groups are spaced apart from each other and the distance between each two successive groups as well as the distance between each two successive welts is between about 0.8 cm and 6 cm, and wherein the number of warp elements in said groups and said spacing are selected so that the clamping force of a group of the warp elements on the weft elements it such that an axial movement of the weft elements occurs only in the case of an axial tensile loading of at least about lo of the breaking strength of the weft elements.
Roy invention will now be further clarified whereby reference is made to the drawings, in which:
Figure l is a drawing of a fabric according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the connection zones of the fabric longitudinal edges;
I) Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the end connection of the fabric strip.
The fabric according to figure 1 comprises warp elements 1 which alternately extend under and over the weft elements 2 so that these elements 2 are clamped between the elements 1. To guarantee a sufficient clamping and, as a result, mesh stability, it has proven to be advantageous to use elements with a high tensile modulus and bending modulus such as for example steel cords. Warp and weft cords may possess the same construction. The warp elements 1 are arranged in groups 3 which preferably comprise an even number of equal elements 1, more specl~ically between one and fifteen. In this manner, the elements 1 in he group are most uniformly loaded.
the clamping force on the weft cords will rise according as the rigidity of the warp (and weft) cords increases and according as the distance b between successive weft cords becomes smaller, since in this way the sinusoidal deformation of the warp cords becomes more pronounced.
However, an excessive sinusoidal deformation of the warp cords reduces their tensile strength in the fabric. Therefore, in this case, it will be necessary to seek an optimal compromise. It is evident that also this clamping force will increase when the warp elements are loaded in tension, for example under the influence of the attached ballast weights when the fabric hangs down in the warp direction. Furthermore, it may be stated that a sufficient clamping force of the warp steel cords on the weft steel cords is present in an unloaded fabric when the following equation is met :
I where D lo the thickness of the weft cords (measured cross wisely to the ~abrLc), do the diameter of the filament i in a warp cord and no the nun1ber of Eliminates with diameter do in this cord. The symbol refers to the total number of the filaments in one warp cord.
I
4.
Furthermore, the invention also relates to a fabric strip comprising a number of juxtaposed fabrics of the type described above. The longitudinal edges of these fabrics overlap and are mutually connected, for example by means of vulcanized rubber strips 4 as shown in figure 2.
This fabric strip can be loaded by locally attaching ballast weights or floats.
rye crosswinds ox the fibre fabric are, for easy handling, provided with a plate connection which may be vulcanized to the fabric end.
-Lure 3 is a cross-section of a suitable end-connection construction for lo a fabric strip to be loaded with ballast weights. This end connection comprises a thick steel plate 8 which via the insertion of a rubber strip 9 is connected to the fabric end 7. This fabric end is looped around a tube 10 and clamped between the plate 8 and the counterplot 12 through the insertion of extra rubber strips 11. The plates 8 and 12 are at regular intervals bolted together by means of clamping bolts 13. The fabric end can now be handled by inserting hooks in suitable bores 14 in plate 8.
Example A woven steel cord fabric with the following parameters was made : the zlnc-coated warp and weft cords (of high-carbon steel) have a construction 3 x 0.60 (i.e. 3 twisted steel filaments each with a diameter of 0.6 mm). The cord thickness was substantially 1.3 mm and the breaking load approximately 1950 N.
Tile width of each warp group of 6 cords was approximately 12 mm, while the distance b was equal to approximately 18 mm and the distance a equal to approximately 28 mm. piece of 41 cm wide (containing ten warp cord groups) and 2 m long was cut out of this fabric. The warp cords were Hoyle at both ends without applying a tension in the warp direction.
Subsequently one weft cord was axially pulled at half way the piece near one EabrLc longitudinal edge while the two adjacent weft cords (one on the loft and one on the right) were held at the opposite longitudinal etlge of the piece. An axial pull-out force of 450 N was required. Per warp group the pull-out force was on an average 450 N: 10 = 45 N which is approximately 2 % of the breaking strength of the weft cord.
5.
The number of woven fabrics with a width of 1.8 m were juxtaposed and fixed to each other near their longitudinal edges in an overlapping manner as shown in figure 2. This resulted in woven fabric strips with a total width of approximately 14 m.
for the mutual connection of the longitudinal edges a non-vulcanized rubber strip 4 of suitable width and thickness (in this example 5 mm thick and 5 cm wide) can be inserted between the edges and this edge zone can be vulcanized in a hot press ; see figure 2. In this process the cords 1, 2 are sufficiently embedded and anchored into the rubber strip The upper and/or undersides of the connection zone can possibly be covered with a protecting strip 5 during the vulcanization. This prevents sticking together of the rubber strips when winding or unwinding the strip.
The thus produced fabric strip possessed a tensile force in the direction lo of the warp of 200 kin per moire of fabric width. In practice, it sometimes happens that at both longitudinal edges of the strip an extra fabric strip is fixed with a slightly higher tensile strength and that the eventual outer edges of these strips are bordered with a rubber strip vulcanized to them to prevent unravelment of the outer edges. Moreover, to the transverse starting end of the mat thick steel plates can be vulcanized to make handling (with cranes, etc.) possible. These plate connections must evidently form a sufficiently large contact surface with the fabric end embedded in the rubber to support the total load of the suspended strip and ballast weights. Therefore the connection strength must be at least 200 kin per running moire of plate connection when the EabrLc tensile force in the longitudinal direction is 200 Kim Hence good adhesion of the rubber to the plate is essential. With the appLLcatLon of an end connection according to figure 3, the thickness of the plate 8 and the counterplot 12 was fifteen mm. The diameter of a tube 10 was 25 mm. Clamping bolts 13 were fitted every 20 cm across the width of the fabric strip.
Now the ballast weights are tied by means of cords 6 to the fabric strops In their turn, these cords are attached to hooks which engage through the fabric meshes around the weft groups 3. The clamping force of the warp on the weft I 6.
is such that every fixation place can support at least 250 kg without that the surrounding meshes get noticeably deformed. This clamping effect has the further consequence that the local loading in a fixation point is err substantially 50 % transmitted to the surrounding warp groups. This stimulates an even load distribution throughout the entire fabric, respectively the entire fabric strip.
The zinc coating on the relatively thin steel cords also results in that, on the one hand, the corrosion resistance against (seawater is improved so that the durability of the strip remains sufficient, and that, on the Lo other hand, a good adhesion of the cords in the rubber strips is ensured.
Although the fabric is specifically applicable as an open mesh underwater covering mat also other applications can be conceived. For example, these fabrics can be used as a supporting structure or reinforcing structure for flexible strips or sheets. Also holders or floats can be attached to the fabrics instead of ballast blocks, or a combination of ballast weights and floats with flexible sheets. In this way for example, artificial soils can be formed for aquiculture with regulatable sinking depth by using more or less inflatable floats.
The fabrics can also be covered with a plastic coating, for example by heating them and passing then through a flossed bed of plastic powder.
This may improve the corrosion resistance. moreover an anti-fouling maternal can be incorporated into the plastic (for example Cu-Ni-powder) or a known lime-like substance can be deposited on the fabrics to serve as a feeding bottom for raising crustaceans.
Open-mesh fabric The invention relates to an open-mesh7 flexible and dimensionally stable woven fabric of wire elements, e.g. wire strands or cords, which in particular it usable as an underwater covering mat.
'In civil engineering works it is known to use covering mats for rlver-heds or banks, for dams or dikes, in order to protect them against erosion by wash or currents. These mats may comprise a supporting netting to which ballast blocks, for example asphalt plates, are fixed.
It is an object of the invention to provide such a woven netting, which in particular possesses the characteristic of retaining its dimensional stability when loaded with ballast elements despite its small weight (open-mesh) and its pronounced flexibility. This flexibility is required as the fabric must faithfully follow and adjust itself against the relief and inequalities of the bed or bank to be covered. This dimensional stability requires that the warp and weft wires in the fabric can little or barely shift with respect to each other under the influence of the ballast weights which are locally fixed to the fabric, for example by means of binding wires or cords or hooks. Hence the meshes should not excessively deform in the connection zones of the ballast weights. This means that it should be prevented that the fabric locally elongates or contracts in the connection zones so forming bulges. Therefore, it will be necessary to use warp and weft elements which possess a high tensile modulus (and if possible also a high bending modulus).
At the launch of a ballast loaded covering mat, for example to the sea-bottom at a depth of some 30 meters, usually the mat is unrolled from n shop and it is (substantially vertically) lowered over the zones to be covered to the sea-bottom in order to stubbles these zones, for example Lo the construction of pillars for bridges, walls for harbors, docks, locks, etc. This hanging and loaded mat must thus be capable of sustaining a large tensile force when 'bullying lowered. The fabric warp, which extends in the unrolling direction, must be adapted for this purpose. The fabric strength in the warp direction will therefore normally be selected higher than in the weft direction. Since, apart from the higher strength, the flexibility of the fabric must also remain assured in the warp direction, no warp elements shall be used which are an order of magnitude thicker and hence more rigid than the weft elements. The wire elements in the warp and weft shall therefore have a tensile strength, respectively a rigidity Ox the same order of magnitude.
According to the invention these requirements of lo flexibility, strength and mesh stability under ballast loading) are met by a dimensionally stable, flexible fend open-mesh woven fabric, comprising a plurality of inter-woven warp and weft elements comprised of thread-like elements, wherein the warp elements are arranged in groups comprising a plurality of warp elements extending parallel to one another with each warp element extending sinusoidal so that it alternately extends over and under the weft elements, said weft elements being axially movable with respect to said groups of warp elements, wherein said groups are spaced apart from each other and the distance between each two successive groups as well as the distance between each two successive welts is between about 0.8 cm and 6 cm, and wherein the number of warp elements in said groups and said spacing are selected so that the clamping force of a group of the warp elements on the weft elements it such that an axial movement of the weft elements occurs only in the case of an axial tensile loading of at least about lo of the breaking strength of the weft elements.
Roy invention will now be further clarified whereby reference is made to the drawings, in which:
Figure l is a drawing of a fabric according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the connection zones of the fabric longitudinal edges;
I) Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the end connection of the fabric strip.
The fabric according to figure 1 comprises warp elements 1 which alternately extend under and over the weft elements 2 so that these elements 2 are clamped between the elements 1. To guarantee a sufficient clamping and, as a result, mesh stability, it has proven to be advantageous to use elements with a high tensile modulus and bending modulus such as for example steel cords. Warp and weft cords may possess the same construction. The warp elements 1 are arranged in groups 3 which preferably comprise an even number of equal elements 1, more specl~ically between one and fifteen. In this manner, the elements 1 in he group are most uniformly loaded.
the clamping force on the weft cords will rise according as the rigidity of the warp (and weft) cords increases and according as the distance b between successive weft cords becomes smaller, since in this way the sinusoidal deformation of the warp cords becomes more pronounced.
However, an excessive sinusoidal deformation of the warp cords reduces their tensile strength in the fabric. Therefore, in this case, it will be necessary to seek an optimal compromise. It is evident that also this clamping force will increase when the warp elements are loaded in tension, for example under the influence of the attached ballast weights when the fabric hangs down in the warp direction. Furthermore, it may be stated that a sufficient clamping force of the warp steel cords on the weft steel cords is present in an unloaded fabric when the following equation is met :
I where D lo the thickness of the weft cords (measured cross wisely to the ~abrLc), do the diameter of the filament i in a warp cord and no the nun1ber of Eliminates with diameter do in this cord. The symbol refers to the total number of the filaments in one warp cord.
I
4.
Furthermore, the invention also relates to a fabric strip comprising a number of juxtaposed fabrics of the type described above. The longitudinal edges of these fabrics overlap and are mutually connected, for example by means of vulcanized rubber strips 4 as shown in figure 2.
This fabric strip can be loaded by locally attaching ballast weights or floats.
rye crosswinds ox the fibre fabric are, for easy handling, provided with a plate connection which may be vulcanized to the fabric end.
-Lure 3 is a cross-section of a suitable end-connection construction for lo a fabric strip to be loaded with ballast weights. This end connection comprises a thick steel plate 8 which via the insertion of a rubber strip 9 is connected to the fabric end 7. This fabric end is looped around a tube 10 and clamped between the plate 8 and the counterplot 12 through the insertion of extra rubber strips 11. The plates 8 and 12 are at regular intervals bolted together by means of clamping bolts 13. The fabric end can now be handled by inserting hooks in suitable bores 14 in plate 8.
Example A woven steel cord fabric with the following parameters was made : the zlnc-coated warp and weft cords (of high-carbon steel) have a construction 3 x 0.60 (i.e. 3 twisted steel filaments each with a diameter of 0.6 mm). The cord thickness was substantially 1.3 mm and the breaking load approximately 1950 N.
Tile width of each warp group of 6 cords was approximately 12 mm, while the distance b was equal to approximately 18 mm and the distance a equal to approximately 28 mm. piece of 41 cm wide (containing ten warp cord groups) and 2 m long was cut out of this fabric. The warp cords were Hoyle at both ends without applying a tension in the warp direction.
Subsequently one weft cord was axially pulled at half way the piece near one EabrLc longitudinal edge while the two adjacent weft cords (one on the loft and one on the right) were held at the opposite longitudinal etlge of the piece. An axial pull-out force of 450 N was required. Per warp group the pull-out force was on an average 450 N: 10 = 45 N which is approximately 2 % of the breaking strength of the weft cord.
5.
The number of woven fabrics with a width of 1.8 m were juxtaposed and fixed to each other near their longitudinal edges in an overlapping manner as shown in figure 2. This resulted in woven fabric strips with a total width of approximately 14 m.
for the mutual connection of the longitudinal edges a non-vulcanized rubber strip 4 of suitable width and thickness (in this example 5 mm thick and 5 cm wide) can be inserted between the edges and this edge zone can be vulcanized in a hot press ; see figure 2. In this process the cords 1, 2 are sufficiently embedded and anchored into the rubber strip The upper and/or undersides of the connection zone can possibly be covered with a protecting strip 5 during the vulcanization. This prevents sticking together of the rubber strips when winding or unwinding the strip.
The thus produced fabric strip possessed a tensile force in the direction lo of the warp of 200 kin per moire of fabric width. In practice, it sometimes happens that at both longitudinal edges of the strip an extra fabric strip is fixed with a slightly higher tensile strength and that the eventual outer edges of these strips are bordered with a rubber strip vulcanized to them to prevent unravelment of the outer edges. Moreover, to the transverse starting end of the mat thick steel plates can be vulcanized to make handling (with cranes, etc.) possible. These plate connections must evidently form a sufficiently large contact surface with the fabric end embedded in the rubber to support the total load of the suspended strip and ballast weights. Therefore the connection strength must be at least 200 kin per running moire of plate connection when the EabrLc tensile force in the longitudinal direction is 200 Kim Hence good adhesion of the rubber to the plate is essential. With the appLLcatLon of an end connection according to figure 3, the thickness of the plate 8 and the counterplot 12 was fifteen mm. The diameter of a tube 10 was 25 mm. Clamping bolts 13 were fitted every 20 cm across the width of the fabric strip.
Now the ballast weights are tied by means of cords 6 to the fabric strops In their turn, these cords are attached to hooks which engage through the fabric meshes around the weft groups 3. The clamping force of the warp on the weft I 6.
is such that every fixation place can support at least 250 kg without that the surrounding meshes get noticeably deformed. This clamping effect has the further consequence that the local loading in a fixation point is err substantially 50 % transmitted to the surrounding warp groups. This stimulates an even load distribution throughout the entire fabric, respectively the entire fabric strip.
The zinc coating on the relatively thin steel cords also results in that, on the one hand, the corrosion resistance against (seawater is improved so that the durability of the strip remains sufficient, and that, on the Lo other hand, a good adhesion of the cords in the rubber strips is ensured.
Although the fabric is specifically applicable as an open mesh underwater covering mat also other applications can be conceived. For example, these fabrics can be used as a supporting structure or reinforcing structure for flexible strips or sheets. Also holders or floats can be attached to the fabrics instead of ballast blocks, or a combination of ballast weights and floats with flexible sheets. In this way for example, artificial soils can be formed for aquiculture with regulatable sinking depth by using more or less inflatable floats.
The fabrics can also be covered with a plastic coating, for example by heating them and passing then through a flossed bed of plastic powder.
This may improve the corrosion resistance. moreover an anti-fouling maternal can be incorporated into the plastic (for example Cu-Ni-powder) or a known lime-like substance can be deposited on the fabrics to serve as a feeding bottom for raising crustaceans.
Claims (19)
1. A dimensionally stable, flexible and open-mesh woven fabric, comprising:
a plurality of interwoven warp and weft elements comprised of thread-like elements, wherein the warp elements are arranged in groups comprising a plurality of warp elements extending parallel to one another with each warp element extending sinusoidally so that it alternately extends over and under the weft elements, said weft elements being axially movable with respect to said groups of warp elements, wherein said groups are spaced apart from each other and the distance between each two successive groups as well as the distance between each two successive wefts is between about 0.8 cm and 6 cm, and wherein the number of warp elements in said groups and said spacing are selected so that the clamping force of a group of the warp elements on the weft elements is such that an axial movement of the weft elements occurs only in the case of an axial tensile loading of at least about 1% of the breaking strength of the weft elements.
a plurality of interwoven warp and weft elements comprised of thread-like elements, wherein the warp elements are arranged in groups comprising a plurality of warp elements extending parallel to one another with each warp element extending sinusoidally so that it alternately extends over and under the weft elements, said weft elements being axially movable with respect to said groups of warp elements, wherein said groups are spaced apart from each other and the distance between each two successive groups as well as the distance between each two successive wefts is between about 0.8 cm and 6 cm, and wherein the number of warp elements in said groups and said spacing are selected so that the clamping force of a group of the warp elements on the weft elements is such that an axial movement of the weft elements occurs only in the case of an axial tensile loading of at least about 1% of the breaking strength of the weft elements.
2. A fabric according to claim l, wherein the number of warp elements in said groups and said spacing are selected so that said clamping force is such that axial movement occurs only in the case of an axial tensile loading on the weft elements of at least about 2% of the breaking strength of the weft elements.
3. A fabric according to claim 2, wherein the number of warp elements in said groups and said spacing are selected so that the clamping force is such that said movement occurs only at an axial tensile loading having a value of at least about 10% of the breaking strength of the weft elements.
4. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the elements comprise steel cords.
5. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein each group of warp elements comprises an even number of between one and fifteen identical elements.
6. A fabric according to claim 4, wherein the warp cords and weft cords are of the same type.
7. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the following equation is satisfied in an unloaded fabric wherein D is the thickness of the weft elements, di is the diameter of the filament "i" in a warp cord, and ni is the number of filaments with diameter di in this cord.
8. A woven fabric strip comprising a plurality of juxtaposed fabrics according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal edges of the juxtaposed fabrics overlap each other and are mutually connected by means of a vulcanized rubber strip.
9. A fabric strip according to claim 8, further comprising at least one ballast weight attached to said woven fabric strip at spaced locations.
10. A fabric strip according to claim 8, further comprising at least one float member attached to said woven fabric strip at spaced locations.
11. A fabric strip according to claim 8, further comprising a plate and a vulcanized rubber layer connecting said plate to the lateral end of the fabric strip.
12. A fabric strip according to claim 11, further comprising a tube, a counter-plate and a plurality of clamping bolts attaching said plate and counter-plate together, wherein the end of the fabric strip is looped around said tube to form a region of double layer thickness of fabric, and said region is clamped between said plates with the interposition of at least one vulcanized rubber layer.
13. A fabric according to claim 4, wherein said steel cords have a diameter between about 0.10 mm and 2 mm and a tensile strength between about 400 and 3500N/mm2.
14. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein said groups comprise only said parallel-extending warp elements.
15. A fabric according to claim 14, wherein each group of warp elements comprises a plurality of pairs of warp elements.
16. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein each group of warp elements comprises a plurality of pairs of warp elements.
17. A fabric according to claim 16, wherein each group of warp elements comprises six warp elements.
18. A fabric according to claim 17, wherein said warp and weft elements comprise steel cords having a thickness of about 1.3 mm and a breaking load of about 1950N, wherein the distance between weft elements is about 18 mm, the width of each group of war elements is about 12 mm and the distance between said groups is about 28 mm.
19. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the warp elements have a tensile strength and a rigidity which do not differ by an order of magnitude from the weft elements.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8302739A NL8302739A (en) | 1983-08-02 | 1983-08-02 | OPEN-SIZED TISSUE. |
| NL83.02739 | 1983-08-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1235045A true CA1235045A (en) | 1988-04-12 |
Family
ID=19842224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000459195A Expired CA1235045A (en) | 1983-08-02 | 1984-07-18 | Open-mesh fabric |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4623281A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0134604B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6075633A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1235045A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3473485D1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8302739A (en) |
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| US5157434A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1992-10-20 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Autofocusing system for camera |
| DE9105132U1 (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1991-06-20 | Textec Textil Engineering Und Consulting Gmbh | |
| DE4202106C2 (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1994-10-20 | Froendenberger Kettenfabrik He | Flexible endless track that can be placed on the bottom of water with a weight on its longitudinal edges |
| EP0629723B1 (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1997-11-05 | Tt1U, S.L. | Compound threads, fabrics provided therefrom and process to obtain them |
| US5370797A (en) * | 1993-07-15 | 1994-12-06 | Cagle; William S. | High aspect ratio triple-plus warp wire mesh |
| ZA963715B (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-20 | Tensar Corp | Bonded composite open mesh structural textiles |
| US5795835A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1998-08-18 | The Tensar Corporation | Bonded composite knitted structural textiles |
| GB2324100A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1998-10-14 | Soar Engineering Ltd | Woven protective mesh |
| TW515456U (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2002-12-21 | Polyglas Applied Material Co L | Anisotropic grid used in civil construction |
| HUE026839T2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2016-07-28 | Tessitura Tele Metalliche Rossi Oliviero & C S R L | Metallic mesh semi-worked piece, and method for the realization thereof |
| GB2480488A (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-23 | Stingray Geophysical Ltd | Seabed installations |
| HUE033613T2 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2017-12-28 | Bekaert Sa Nv | A structure for the reinforcement of pavements comprising assemblies of grouped metal filaments in a parallel position, method of manufacture and installation |
| TR201809831T4 (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2018-07-23 | Integrated Composite Products Inc | Composite building material. |
| US10195818B2 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2019-02-05 | Integrated Composite Products, Inc. | Reinforcing article |
| WO2016130784A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | Integrated Composite Products, Inc. | Pre-stressed fiber reinforcing member and method for its manufacture |
| US9528201B1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2016-12-27 | Smart Textile Products, LLC | Insulating sheer fabric |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2024806A (en) * | 1931-06-19 | 1935-12-17 | Tyler Co W S | Woven wire screen |
| US2052808A (en) * | 1934-12-11 | 1936-09-01 | American Brakeblok Corp | Backing for composition friction elements |
| US2092183A (en) * | 1935-12-02 | 1937-09-07 | Rehfeld George William | Mat for protecting banks of streams |
| US2361163A (en) * | 1942-10-07 | 1944-10-24 | Oscar F Arthur | Wire mat |
| US2922442A (en) * | 1958-11-04 | 1960-01-26 | New York Wire Cloth Company | Woven screen cloth |
| NL6803322A (en) * | 1968-03-08 | 1969-09-10 | ||
| DE2000937C3 (en) * | 1970-01-09 | 1978-06-01 | H. & J. Huesker & Co, 4423 Gescher | Mesh fabric for reinforcing bituminous boards and layers |
| BE788449A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1973-06-06 | Bayer Ag | ANTI-EROSION CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF NEEDLE FIBER TAPES |
| DE2434328C3 (en) * | 1974-07-17 | 1979-10-11 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Protective layer for surface seals in building construction, civil engineering and civil engineering and processes for the continuous production of the protective layer |
| US4002188A (en) * | 1975-12-15 | 1977-01-11 | Phifer Wire Products, Inc. | Woven shade screen |
| DE3120661C2 (en) * | 1981-05-23 | 1986-08-07 | Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co, 4423 Gescher | Mesh fabric, especially for reinforcing panels and layers |
-
1983
- 1983-08-02 NL NL8302739A patent/NL8302739A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1984
- 1984-07-17 DE DE8484201063T patent/DE3473485D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-17 EP EP84201063A patent/EP0134604B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-18 CA CA000459195A patent/CA1235045A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-26 US US06/634,568 patent/US4623281A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-08-02 JP JP59163470A patent/JPS6075633A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6075633A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
| EP0134604B1 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
| EP0134604A1 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| US4623281A (en) | 1986-11-18 |
| DE3473485D1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
| NL8302739A (en) | 1985-03-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |