CA1260329A - Process for the production of floor or wall coverings exhibiting a cracked effect and product obtained - Google Patents
Process for the production of floor or wall coverings exhibiting a cracked effect and product obtainedInfo
- Publication number
- CA1260329A CA1260329A CA000513680A CA513680A CA1260329A CA 1260329 A CA1260329 A CA 1260329A CA 000513680 A CA000513680 A CA 000513680A CA 513680 A CA513680 A CA 513680A CA 1260329 A CA1260329 A CA 1260329A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- coating
- cracks
- thermal treatment
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/061—Special surface effect
- B05D5/062—Wrinkled, cracked or ancient-looking effect
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0005—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface
- D06N7/0028—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface characterised by colour effects, e.g. craquelé, reducing gloss
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24471—Crackled, crazed or slit
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A description is given of a process for the pro-duction of floor coverings or of wall coverings, exhibit-ing a cracked effect, characterized in that there is depo-sited on a compatible substrate a plastisol coating compo-sition containing a gel previously prepared from a pair constituted by a solid sorbent agent and by a solvent which causes swelling by absorption of the said solvent in and on the sorbent agent, or indeed a dispersion in water of a dry mixture of PVC and of plasti-cizer containing at least one resin forming a gel in water, a thermal treatment for the formation of a film or for drying is then carried out at a sufficient temperature so that there takes place concomitantly an irreversible pro-cess of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by desorption of the solvent from the sorbent agent or by evaporation of the water, respectively, and the traditional operation of finishing are possibly then carried out.
A description is given of a process for the pro-duction of floor coverings or of wall coverings, exhibit-ing a cracked effect, characterized in that there is depo-sited on a compatible substrate a plastisol coating compo-sition containing a gel previously prepared from a pair constituted by a solid sorbent agent and by a solvent which causes swelling by absorption of the said solvent in and on the sorbent agent, or indeed a dispersion in water of a dry mixture of PVC and of plasti-cizer containing at least one resin forming a gel in water, a thermal treatment for the formation of a film or for drying is then carried out at a sufficient temperature so that there takes place concomitantly an irreversible pro-cess of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by desorption of the solvent from the sorbent agent or by evaporation of the water, respectively, and the traditional operation of finishing are possibly then carried out.
Description
1~;03~
PROCESS fOR THE PRODUCTIO~ OF FLOOR OR WALL COVERINGS
EXHI~ITING A CRACKED EFFECT AND PRODUCT OBTAINED
The present invention relates to a process for ~he production of floor coverings or ~all coverings, of the type of synthetic coverings, exhibiting a cracked effect.
It also extends to the products obtained in accordance uith this process.
In the production of synthetic decorative coverings intended for floorS and for walls, to an increasing extent attempts are being made to approach the decorations ob-tained with traditional materials such as ceramics and the like. A particular decorative effect obtained by the cera-mic materials resides in the cracks, which are difficult to obtain with synthetic materials deposited in the form of a coating, for example, on a traditional substrate. The reproduction of cracks by printing presents the problem of not permitting a good imitation of the "natural" cracked effect, and the motifs obtained are necessarily repeti-tive, without a random nature. Furthermore, printing does not permit a depth (relief) effect to be imparted to the material.
~ y the French Specification A 2,126,658, a process is kno~n for applying a covering material in the form of an e~ulsion in order to produce crazed configurations. In this case, a lower synthetic covering material containing a mineral material having a high swelling property is de-posited, this lower covering material is dried, and a hard-ened covering material containing a silicon dioxide base is then applied. In the process according to the cited document, the lower covering material absorbs the water con-tained in the hardened covering material and simultaneously causes its contraction, and also, conjointly, crazed forma-tions. A disadvantage of the process resides in the fact that there are two different layers of particular compo-sition to be utilized, which necessitate intermediate dry-ing. This process is necessarily slow and burdensome.
The French document A 2,2~7,494 relates to a cracked film of polymer based on PVC and of at least one plasti-. ~
- z -c;~er dis~ributed in a homogeneous manner. There is ~ike-wise claimed therein a covering constituted by a tradi tional substrate covered ~i~h such a fil~, as ~ell as a process for th~ preparation of the latter. ~he process relies on a t~o-phase system, namely polymer-plasticizer and uater. Hovever, ehis process does not per~it ade~uate sontrol o-f the formation of the cracks and of the opening of the ~atter. Moreover, this process requires ~arge quan-tities of ~ater.
The U5 document A 2,612,456 like~ise relates to a process for the produceion Qf a decora~ive and prot~ctive cover;ng ~hich e%hibits a cracked appearance and in ~hich an organosol is utilized, including particLes of an or-ganic copo~ymer of viny~ chloride and of vinyl acetate, vhich particles are dispersed in a volatile organic liquid. The liquid ~hich is used must have a swel~ing effect on the particles of po~ymer. This process is also difficult to control, and permits only with difficulty the obtaining of a dense net~ork of cracks. Moreover, this process like-~;se requires large quantities of solvent.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of f~oor coverings or walL
coverings, e~hibiting a cracked effect, requiring only a single ~ayer in order to obtain the said cracked effect.
Another object of the present invention is to pro-vide a proczss for the production of f~oor or wal~ cover-ings cracked in ~hich process the quantities of solvent or of ~ater ~hich are required are substaneially reduced as compared ~ith the prior art.
Ano~her object of the present invention is to pro-vide a process for the production of f~oor or ~a~l cover-ings cracked in depth, that is to say, substantially throughsut the mass of ae least ane layer of the covering.
According to another aspec~ of the presene inven-tion, the object is eo provide a novel produce, that is to say, a novel floor cr wa~l covering exhibiting a cracked effect of a random naeure.
. . , ''~'' , ~ 3 ~ l~i ~
According to the invention, there is provided a process for the production of surface coverings exhibiting a cracked appearance, the process including the steps of:
depositing a plastisol coating composition on a substrate, said coating composition containing a gel prepared from a mixture, the mixture being comprised of effective amounts of a solid sorbent agent and a solvent which causes swelling b~
absorption of said solvent in and on the sorbent agent; and thermally treating said deposited coating, said thermal treatment being carried out at a sufficient temperature whereby an irreversible process of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by desorption of the solvent from the sorbent agent occurs simultaneously.
The process of the invention permits the achievement of the objects aimed at by the invention and in particular permits the production of a covering exhibiting a cracked effect, in which the cracks extend in a random manner, in depth, within the mass.
The sorbent agent/solvent mixture is utilized under the particular conditions of the process of the invention is selected so that the solvent does not interfere with the plasticizing effect of the other additives of the synthetic material used for the production of the covering according to the invention. It is clearly evident that use i3 preferably made of a solvent which does not participate in the plasticizing process, although the use of such a solvent is not to be ruled out.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the absorbent agent is a silica or a silicate, preferably having a specific surface according to BET within the range betweeen 250 and 700 m2/g, preferably of the order of 300 to 400 m /g. The coating composition 1~03~t advantageous~y includes 0 5 to 15% by weight of sorbent agent.
Preferably, use is made of a solvent, the vapour pressure of which is very high at the temperature of forma-tion of the synthetic film, so that the sorbent agent iswithdrawn by desorption of the solvent as soon as the film forms, with a view to "~earing" ;t by forming cracks. It is clearly understood that the temperature at ~hich the solvent has a high vapour pressure, or the boiling point of the solvent, must be close to the temperature of forma-tion of the film, since, if this temperature is too high, there will be no formation of cracks, by reason of fusion and of the surface tension of the synthetic coating. On the other hand, if this temperature is too low, there wiLl be evaporation prior to the formation of the film. It is certainly necessary to ensure that the force of retrac-tion is greater than the force of cohesion of the film.
Advantageously, use is made of a solvent such that the hydro-carbon fractions, and in particular white spirit are at a level of the order of 15 to 35% by weight of the plastisol coating.
The follo~ing products may also be suitable as solvent:
solvents of the SHELLSOL~ TD or AL type hydrocarbon fractions other than white spirit, having suitable evaporation/retention properties solvents of the POLYSOLVA ~ type, i.e. n-butyl esters of glycol solvants of the DO~ANOL DP ~ type, i.e. the methyl 3n ether of dipropylene glycol.
Advantageously, the temperature of formation of the coating film of plastisol is selected bet~een 110 and 160C. It is Possible to subject the coating subse-quently, for example, to a temperature of the order of 35 200C for 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds, if it is de-sired to modify the initial opening of the cracks without any effect on their number.
In the case of the applica~ion to the substrate of .. . . . . . . . . . .
3~
a dispersion in water of a dry mixture of PVC and of plas~i-cizer, the resin forming a gel in the presence of water may be selected from within a wide range of products which are commercially available. For reasons of compatibility S with the medium employed and the substrate on ~hich it is coated, preference is given ~o mixtures based on cellulose resin having a thickening action.
The addition of a solvating agent such as ethyl glycol to the water is particularly useful in order to bring about swelling of the resin forming a gel.
The additives which are required for the stabili-~ation of the aqueous dispersion are well known in the art, and a large quantity of commercial products are available.
There will preferably be added to the preparation not only surfactants serving for stabilization purposes but also antifoam agents to facilitate the preparation of the dis-persion and to be able to produce a regular coating.
The preparation of the dispersion advantageously includes the presence of fillers, ~hich may or may not be pigmenting, which have an e~fect in particular on the size of the cracks or crazed formations which are observed.
Advantageously, the temperature of the thermal dry-ing treatment is selected between 18û and 210C. It is possible to subject the coating subsequently, for example, to a temperature of the order of 200C for 1 minute to
PROCESS fOR THE PRODUCTIO~ OF FLOOR OR WALL COVERINGS
EXHI~ITING A CRACKED EFFECT AND PRODUCT OBTAINED
The present invention relates to a process for ~he production of floor coverings or ~all coverings, of the type of synthetic coverings, exhibiting a cracked effect.
It also extends to the products obtained in accordance uith this process.
In the production of synthetic decorative coverings intended for floorS and for walls, to an increasing extent attempts are being made to approach the decorations ob-tained with traditional materials such as ceramics and the like. A particular decorative effect obtained by the cera-mic materials resides in the cracks, which are difficult to obtain with synthetic materials deposited in the form of a coating, for example, on a traditional substrate. The reproduction of cracks by printing presents the problem of not permitting a good imitation of the "natural" cracked effect, and the motifs obtained are necessarily repeti-tive, without a random nature. Furthermore, printing does not permit a depth (relief) effect to be imparted to the material.
~ y the French Specification A 2,126,658, a process is kno~n for applying a covering material in the form of an e~ulsion in order to produce crazed configurations. In this case, a lower synthetic covering material containing a mineral material having a high swelling property is de-posited, this lower covering material is dried, and a hard-ened covering material containing a silicon dioxide base is then applied. In the process according to the cited document, the lower covering material absorbs the water con-tained in the hardened covering material and simultaneously causes its contraction, and also, conjointly, crazed forma-tions. A disadvantage of the process resides in the fact that there are two different layers of particular compo-sition to be utilized, which necessitate intermediate dry-ing. This process is necessarily slow and burdensome.
The French document A 2,2~7,494 relates to a cracked film of polymer based on PVC and of at least one plasti-. ~
- z -c;~er dis~ributed in a homogeneous manner. There is ~ike-wise claimed therein a covering constituted by a tradi tional substrate covered ~i~h such a fil~, as ~ell as a process for th~ preparation of the latter. ~he process relies on a t~o-phase system, namely polymer-plasticizer and uater. Hovever, ehis process does not per~it ade~uate sontrol o-f the formation of the cracks and of the opening of the ~atter. Moreover, this process requires ~arge quan-tities of ~ater.
The U5 document A 2,612,456 like~ise relates to a process for the produceion Qf a decora~ive and prot~ctive cover;ng ~hich e%hibits a cracked appearance and in ~hich an organosol is utilized, including particLes of an or-ganic copo~ymer of viny~ chloride and of vinyl acetate, vhich particles are dispersed in a volatile organic liquid. The liquid ~hich is used must have a swel~ing effect on the particles of po~ymer. This process is also difficult to control, and permits only with difficulty the obtaining of a dense net~ork of cracks. Moreover, this process like-~;se requires large quantities of solvent.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of f~oor coverings or walL
coverings, e~hibiting a cracked effect, requiring only a single ~ayer in order to obtain the said cracked effect.
Another object of the present invention is to pro-vide a proczss for the production of f~oor or wal~ cover-ings cracked in ~hich process the quantities of solvent or of ~ater ~hich are required are substaneially reduced as compared ~ith the prior art.
Ano~her object of the present invention is to pro-vide a process for the production of f~oor or ~a~l cover-ings cracked in depth, that is to say, substantially throughsut the mass of ae least ane layer of the covering.
According to another aspec~ of the presene inven-tion, the object is eo provide a novel produce, that is to say, a novel floor cr wa~l covering exhibiting a cracked effect of a random naeure.
. . , ''~'' , ~ 3 ~ l~i ~
According to the invention, there is provided a process for the production of surface coverings exhibiting a cracked appearance, the process including the steps of:
depositing a plastisol coating composition on a substrate, said coating composition containing a gel prepared from a mixture, the mixture being comprised of effective amounts of a solid sorbent agent and a solvent which causes swelling b~
absorption of said solvent in and on the sorbent agent; and thermally treating said deposited coating, said thermal treatment being carried out at a sufficient temperature whereby an irreversible process of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by desorption of the solvent from the sorbent agent occurs simultaneously.
The process of the invention permits the achievement of the objects aimed at by the invention and in particular permits the production of a covering exhibiting a cracked effect, in which the cracks extend in a random manner, in depth, within the mass.
The sorbent agent/solvent mixture is utilized under the particular conditions of the process of the invention is selected so that the solvent does not interfere with the plasticizing effect of the other additives of the synthetic material used for the production of the covering according to the invention. It is clearly evident that use i3 preferably made of a solvent which does not participate in the plasticizing process, although the use of such a solvent is not to be ruled out.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the absorbent agent is a silica or a silicate, preferably having a specific surface according to BET within the range betweeen 250 and 700 m2/g, preferably of the order of 300 to 400 m /g. The coating composition 1~03~t advantageous~y includes 0 5 to 15% by weight of sorbent agent.
Preferably, use is made of a solvent, the vapour pressure of which is very high at the temperature of forma-tion of the synthetic film, so that the sorbent agent iswithdrawn by desorption of the solvent as soon as the film forms, with a view to "~earing" ;t by forming cracks. It is clearly understood that the temperature at ~hich the solvent has a high vapour pressure, or the boiling point of the solvent, must be close to the temperature of forma-tion of the film, since, if this temperature is too high, there will be no formation of cracks, by reason of fusion and of the surface tension of the synthetic coating. On the other hand, if this temperature is too low, there wiLl be evaporation prior to the formation of the film. It is certainly necessary to ensure that the force of retrac-tion is greater than the force of cohesion of the film.
Advantageously, use is made of a solvent such that the hydro-carbon fractions, and in particular white spirit are at a level of the order of 15 to 35% by weight of the plastisol coating.
The follo~ing products may also be suitable as solvent:
solvents of the SHELLSOL~ TD or AL type hydrocarbon fractions other than white spirit, having suitable evaporation/retention properties solvents of the POLYSOLVA ~ type, i.e. n-butyl esters of glycol solvants of the DO~ANOL DP ~ type, i.e. the methyl 3n ether of dipropylene glycol.
Advantageously, the temperature of formation of the coating film of plastisol is selected bet~een 110 and 160C. It is Possible to subject the coating subse-quently, for example, to a temperature of the order of 35 200C for 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds, if it is de-sired to modify the initial opening of the cracks without any effect on their number.
In the case of the applica~ion to the substrate of .. . . . . . . . . . .
3~
a dispersion in water of a dry mixture of PVC and of plas~i-cizer, the resin forming a gel in the presence of water may be selected from within a wide range of products which are commercially available. For reasons of compatibility S with the medium employed and the substrate on ~hich it is coated, preference is given ~o mixtures based on cellulose resin having a thickening action.
The addition of a solvating agent such as ethyl glycol to the water is particularly useful in order to bring about swelling of the resin forming a gel.
The additives which are required for the stabili-~ation of the aqueous dispersion are well known in the art, and a large quantity of commercial products are available.
There will preferably be added to the preparation not only surfactants serving for stabilization purposes but also antifoam agents to facilitate the preparation of the dis-persion and to be able to produce a regular coating.
The preparation of the dispersion advantageously includes the presence of fillers, ~hich may or may not be pigmenting, which have an e~fect in particular on the size of the cracks or crazed formations which are observed.
Advantageously, the temperature of the thermal dry-ing treatment is selected between 18û and 210C. It is possible to subject the coating subsequently, for example, to a temperature of the order of 200C for 1 minute to
2 minutes 30 seconds, if it is desired to modify the ini-tial opening of the cracks without having any effect on their number.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the substrate to which there is applied the coating composi-tion of plastisol containing the said sorbent agent/solvent pair or the aqueous dispersion of a dry mix~ure of PVC and of plasticizer containing a resin forming a gel in the water may consist of a traditional substrate which possi-bly alreacly includes one or more deposits of synthetic ma-terial, which deposits may possibly be provided with an imprint.
It is possible, according to the invention, with a ~ ~jO3~
view to obtaining particular decorative effects, to apply the coating composition of plastisol of PVC containing the sorbent agent/solvent pair or the aqueous dispersion of PVC
and of a resin forming a gel loca~ly, in order that only a part of the decorative motif should exhibit a "cracked"
appearance. This discontinuous application may be under-taken by well known techniques, for example, by a seri-graphic technique. It becomes possible, in this manner, to imitate in particular floor or wall coverings, compr;sing tiles exhibiting a cracked effect and comprising joints having the appearance of cement joints which are not cracked.
According to an advantageous embodiment af the pre-sent invention, it is possible, after for~ation of the cracks, to scrape a plastisol coating, for example, on the covering obtained~ in such a manner as to fill in the cracks ~ith a suitable material. According to a particularly pre-ferred embodiment, it is possible to scrape a plastisol containing up to 30X of carbon black onto the product ob-tained or possibly an aqueous emulsion of plasticized PVC
and of conducting carbon black, in such a manner as to fill in the cracks with a material which conducts electric current. Such a covering is particularly suitable for avoiding the accumulation of static electricity for cover-ings intended for operating theatres, computer rooms... etc.
The use of such a composition containing carbon black per-mits the achievement of a value of the order of 108 ohm.cm for the transverse electrical resistance of the covering obtained ~hich is normally 1û14 ohm~cm.
It is likewise advantageous, depending upon the effects sought, to effect an imprint or any other tradi-tional operation on the cracked product. According to an embodiment, it is likewise possible to coat into the cracks a traditional foamab(e paste which, in the course of the thermal treatment, undergoes swelling so as to create an emergent veining at the surface, having the appearance of a roughcast wall.
Finally, it is possible to deposit a coating of a traditional ~ear surface layer which further improves the iO3~3 life of such a covering obtained according to the various abovementioned embodiments of the invention.
The form, the depth and the opening of the cracks may be controlled by the temperature of the thermal treat-ment, by the selection of the sorbent agent/solvent pàirand of the resin forming a ge~ in water and by the quantity of solvent used. However, it should be noted that the depth and the opening of the cracks may be modified subse-quently to a marked extent by a thermal treatment in par-ticular, unless prior coating of these has taken place.
The other stages of a traditional type which maybe Garried out on the cracked product ob~ained according to the present invention do not need to be described in greater detail in the present specification. Let us note, quite simply, by way of example, the deposits of a coatiny, uhich may or may not be pigmented, imprints, deposits of a wear layer, the traditional thermal treatments and the final firing.
The present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the examples which follou and in which all the proportions are expressed by weight, except where otherwise indicated:
Example 1:
A gel is prepared in advance, having the following composition:
10û parts of butyl-glycol acetate parts of pyrogenic silica (300 m2/g) - Aerosil~
300.
A plastisol composition referred to as "compact"
is also prepared, containing:
650 parts of PVC in emulsion ~for example: K value 72) 100 parts of PVC in suspension (for example: K value 66) S~0 parts af phthalate plasticizer 500 parts of carbonate-containing fillers (calcium car-bonate) 25 parts of titanium oxide 2 parts of tin-based stabilizer.
The "compact" composition and the gel ~hich have O~
previously been prepared are then mixed as follows:
70 parts of "compact"
35 parts of gel 10 parts of TXI8 (texanol isobutyrate - secondary plasticizer)
According to an embodiment of the invention, the substrate to which there is applied the coating composi-tion of plastisol containing the said sorbent agent/solvent pair or the aqueous dispersion of a dry mix~ure of PVC and of plasticizer containing a resin forming a gel in the water may consist of a traditional substrate which possi-bly alreacly includes one or more deposits of synthetic ma-terial, which deposits may possibly be provided with an imprint.
It is possible, according to the invention, with a ~ ~jO3~
view to obtaining particular decorative effects, to apply the coating composition of plastisol of PVC containing the sorbent agent/solvent pair or the aqueous dispersion of PVC
and of a resin forming a gel loca~ly, in order that only a part of the decorative motif should exhibit a "cracked"
appearance. This discontinuous application may be under-taken by well known techniques, for example, by a seri-graphic technique. It becomes possible, in this manner, to imitate in particular floor or wall coverings, compr;sing tiles exhibiting a cracked effect and comprising joints having the appearance of cement joints which are not cracked.
According to an advantageous embodiment af the pre-sent invention, it is possible, after for~ation of the cracks, to scrape a plastisol coating, for example, on the covering obtained~ in such a manner as to fill in the cracks ~ith a suitable material. According to a particularly pre-ferred embodiment, it is possible to scrape a plastisol containing up to 30X of carbon black onto the product ob-tained or possibly an aqueous emulsion of plasticized PVC
and of conducting carbon black, in such a manner as to fill in the cracks with a material which conducts electric current. Such a covering is particularly suitable for avoiding the accumulation of static electricity for cover-ings intended for operating theatres, computer rooms... etc.
The use of such a composition containing carbon black per-mits the achievement of a value of the order of 108 ohm.cm for the transverse electrical resistance of the covering obtained ~hich is normally 1û14 ohm~cm.
It is likewise advantageous, depending upon the effects sought, to effect an imprint or any other tradi-tional operation on the cracked product. According to an embodiment, it is likewise possible to coat into the cracks a traditional foamab(e paste which, in the course of the thermal treatment, undergoes swelling so as to create an emergent veining at the surface, having the appearance of a roughcast wall.
Finally, it is possible to deposit a coating of a traditional ~ear surface layer which further improves the iO3~3 life of such a covering obtained according to the various abovementioned embodiments of the invention.
The form, the depth and the opening of the cracks may be controlled by the temperature of the thermal treat-ment, by the selection of the sorbent agent/solvent pàirand of the resin forming a ge~ in water and by the quantity of solvent used. However, it should be noted that the depth and the opening of the cracks may be modified subse-quently to a marked extent by a thermal treatment in par-ticular, unless prior coating of these has taken place.
The other stages of a traditional type which maybe Garried out on the cracked product ob~ained according to the present invention do not need to be described in greater detail in the present specification. Let us note, quite simply, by way of example, the deposits of a coatiny, uhich may or may not be pigmented, imprints, deposits of a wear layer, the traditional thermal treatments and the final firing.
The present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the examples which follou and in which all the proportions are expressed by weight, except where otherwise indicated:
Example 1:
A gel is prepared in advance, having the following composition:
10û parts of butyl-glycol acetate parts of pyrogenic silica (300 m2/g) - Aerosil~
300.
A plastisol composition referred to as "compact"
is also prepared, containing:
650 parts of PVC in emulsion ~for example: K value 72) 100 parts of PVC in suspension (for example: K value 66) S~0 parts af phthalate plasticizer 500 parts of carbonate-containing fillers (calcium car-bonate) 25 parts of titanium oxide 2 parts of tin-based stabilizer.
The "compact" composition and the gel ~hich have O~
previously been prepared are then mixed as follows:
70 parts of "compact"
35 parts of gel 10 parts of TXI8 (texanol isobutyrate - secondary plasticizer)
3~5 parts of barium-based and zinc-based stabilizer.
The content of Aerosil 30 ~ and of solvent are 2.68% and 26.31~ respectively in the plastisol coating.
The coating thus obtained is applied to a traditional substrate which may possibly already have received at least one coating and/or one imprint.
The product thus obtained is subjected to a ther-mal treatment in such a manner as to create the cracks, ~hich treatment consists advantageously of a stage, having a cluration of 2 minutes 30 seconds, at a temperature with-in the range bet~een 110 and 120C, ~hich is obtained by heating in particular by means of a pulsating air oven or by infrared radiation or a combination of the two, for example.
The product obtained is then possibly subjected to an imprint of a decoration, according to a process known per se It is also possible to subject the product to a second thermal treatment which permits opening of the cracks which have already been formed. Such a thermaltreatment consists of a stage, having a duration of 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds, at a temperature of the order of 200C.
The product is then caused to pass under a rubber scraper, which causes to penetrate within the cracks a fluid pigmented plastisol which then undergoes preliminary gelling.
It is surprisingly found that, after coating by a plastisol, the cracks no longer open in the course of this preliminary gelling.
The whole assembly is covered with a plastisol coating of PVC serving as a wear layer, and the product obtained is subjected to a gelling operation, for a period 03~
of 2 minutes 30 seconds, at a temperature of the order of 190C.
It is likewise possible to use a polyurethane var-nish croSs-linkable by any appropriate means, far example UV or by an electron beam.
Example 2: plastisol + gel A gel is prepared, having the follo~ing composition:
80 parts of white spirit 35 parts of barium silicate such as Dutch Boy ~AROSIL ~ (product of National Lead lnc. USA).
A "compact" composition similar to that of Example 1 is also prepared, and the previously prepared gel is in-corporated therein at the rate of:
SO parts of "compact" composition, 35 parts of gel.
The content of 8arosil ~ and of white spirit in the coating is 12.5% and 28.7~ respectively.
The coating obtained in this manner is deposited on a traditiOnal substrate, which is subjected to a thermal treatment in such a manner as to create the cracks. The said thermal treatment consists of a stage, having a dura-tion of 2 minutes at 110 - 120C, ~or example in an oven.
The product thus obtained is then passed below a scraper in such a manner as to cause to penetrate within the cracks a PVC paste containing 30% of carbon black. A thermal treatment of final firing is then carried out. The result-ing product is a covering referred to as "homogeneous", the transverse electrical surface resistance of which is reduced to a value of the order of 108 ohm.cm. (while it is 1014 ohm.cm for PVC) and which thus permits disper-sal of the local electric charges. Such a covering could be used in a medium exhibiting high sensitivity to local charges, such as computer rooms.
Example 3: plastisol ~ gel A gel is prepared in advance, having the following composition:
10 parts by weight of Aerosil~ 300.
10û parts by weight of white spirit.
l~V3~9 A "compact' p~astisol composition is prepared inaccordance with Example 1.
The following are then mixed:
70 parts of "compact"
S 37 parts of gel 10 parts of TXI~.
The procedure i5 then carried out as in Example 1.
Example 4: plastisol ~ gel The procedure is carried out as in Example 1 or 2, but a foamable paste having the following composi~ion is coated into the cracks obtained:
30 parts of PVC suspension of value K = 66 70 parts of PVC emulsion of value K = 70 32 parts of phthalate plasticizer Z0 parts of TXI~
25 parts of fillers (calcium carbonate) 2 parts of TiO2 2 parts of self-dispersing swelling agent.
Example 5 (comparative example) The attached graphs show the results of laboratory tests in accordance with the annular pumping technique.
Figures 1 to 3 show, as abscissa, the frecluencies (in Hz) and, as ordinate, the modulus G" (dissipation mo-dulus) in N/m .
Figures 4 to 6 show, as abscissa, the frequencies (in Hz) and, as ordinate, the modulus K (rigidity modulus) in N/m.
Figures 1 and 4 relate to a "compact" composition in accordance with Example 1.
Figures 2 and 5 relate to the following composition:
Compact according to ExampLe 1 1,400 Aerosil~ 300 63 ~hite spirit 637 Figures 3 and 6 relate to a composition as men-tioned below, in which the gel has been prepared in advance.
Compact according to Example 1 1,400 Gel 3~
TXI8 2~0 The gel comprises 63 parts of Aerosil~ 300 and 637 parts of white spirit.
As the modulus G" (Figures 1 to 3) is proportional S to the viscosity, and the frequency is proportional to the velocity gradient, annular pumping permits expression of the viscosity as a function of the velocity gradient.
It can be seen from the figures that the composition of Figure 3 exhibits the highest level of viscosity, al-thouyh for a composition having the same total contentsbut in which the silica and the white spirit have not been added in the form of a gel, the viscosity level is very l o ~ .
It is possible to conclude from this that, in the rase of Figure 2, the uhite spirit is not preferentially adsorbed by the silica, but is equally distributed within the medium and thus has a viscosity-lowering effect on the plastisol. In the case of Figure 3, on the other hand, the solvent has caused the inert filler to swell and has remained there even after mixing in the final medium. It was not used to reduce the general viscosity of the plasti-sol. It is only the thermal treatment which will permit desorption of the solvent from the silica, causing shrink-age of the latter.
Figures 4 to 6 concerning the rigidity (modulus K) likewise confirm this behaviour, for the same compositions.
Example 6: Aqueous dispersion In a rapid mixer (Papenmeier type), a dry mixture of PVC
having the following composition is prepared:
30 PVC "suspension" K value 1ûO
Plasticizer 35 Sn stabilizer 2 Epoxidized soya oil 3 When the mixture reaches the temperature of 80 - 90C, it is transferred to the refrigeration cell. In order to obtain a mixture having improved flow properties, between 3 and 5 parts of PVC "emulsion" are added thereto in the course of cooling.
3;~
~ Z
An aqueous suspension prepared in a mixer (Moltini type) has the following composition:
~ater 100 Ethyl-glycol 100 S TiO2 5 Dolomite 150 Dry PVC mixture 200 Cellulose thickener (5~ acl.) 5 Surfactant 2 This aqueous suspension is deposited by means of a scraper on a substrate compOsed of a sheet of glass coated ~ith a PVC plastisol gelled on a drum and which has the following formulation:
PVC "emulsion" 100 15 Chalk 50 - 100 TiO2 3 - 20 PLasticizer 50 - 80 Sn stabilizer 2 Epoxidized soya oil 3 This coating is dried and baked in a hot-air oven beteen 180 and 210C.
In the course of firing, a close and continuous network of cracks appears.
Example 7: Aqueous dispersion Starting from the dry PVC mixture of the same formulation as in Example 1, an aqueous suspension having the follow-ing formulation is prepared:
water 80 Cellulose thickener (5% aq.) 20 30 Dry PVC mixture 100 Dolomite 20 TiO2 4 This suspension is scraped onto a substrate identical to that in Example 1, dried and fired in a hot-air oven under the same conditions.
In the course of firing, a discontinuous and sparse net-work of fine cracks develops.
Each type of product may be treated subsequently in various ~03~9 ways in order to provide finishing, for example by:
* printing followed by varnishing * coating with a coloured varnish, which may or may not * be translucent S coating with a conductive material.
Furthermore, the various aqueous suspensions may be co-loured in the mass by additiOn of a suitable pigment to their formulation.
The content of Aerosil 30 ~ and of solvent are 2.68% and 26.31~ respectively in the plastisol coating.
The coating thus obtained is applied to a traditional substrate which may possibly already have received at least one coating and/or one imprint.
The product thus obtained is subjected to a ther-mal treatment in such a manner as to create the cracks, ~hich treatment consists advantageously of a stage, having a cluration of 2 minutes 30 seconds, at a temperature with-in the range bet~een 110 and 120C, ~hich is obtained by heating in particular by means of a pulsating air oven or by infrared radiation or a combination of the two, for example.
The product obtained is then possibly subjected to an imprint of a decoration, according to a process known per se It is also possible to subject the product to a second thermal treatment which permits opening of the cracks which have already been formed. Such a thermaltreatment consists of a stage, having a duration of 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds, at a temperature of the order of 200C.
The product is then caused to pass under a rubber scraper, which causes to penetrate within the cracks a fluid pigmented plastisol which then undergoes preliminary gelling.
It is surprisingly found that, after coating by a plastisol, the cracks no longer open in the course of this preliminary gelling.
The whole assembly is covered with a plastisol coating of PVC serving as a wear layer, and the product obtained is subjected to a gelling operation, for a period 03~
of 2 minutes 30 seconds, at a temperature of the order of 190C.
It is likewise possible to use a polyurethane var-nish croSs-linkable by any appropriate means, far example UV or by an electron beam.
Example 2: plastisol + gel A gel is prepared, having the follo~ing composition:
80 parts of white spirit 35 parts of barium silicate such as Dutch Boy ~AROSIL ~ (product of National Lead lnc. USA).
A "compact" composition similar to that of Example 1 is also prepared, and the previously prepared gel is in-corporated therein at the rate of:
SO parts of "compact" composition, 35 parts of gel.
The content of 8arosil ~ and of white spirit in the coating is 12.5% and 28.7~ respectively.
The coating obtained in this manner is deposited on a traditiOnal substrate, which is subjected to a thermal treatment in such a manner as to create the cracks. The said thermal treatment consists of a stage, having a dura-tion of 2 minutes at 110 - 120C, ~or example in an oven.
The product thus obtained is then passed below a scraper in such a manner as to cause to penetrate within the cracks a PVC paste containing 30% of carbon black. A thermal treatment of final firing is then carried out. The result-ing product is a covering referred to as "homogeneous", the transverse electrical surface resistance of which is reduced to a value of the order of 108 ohm.cm. (while it is 1014 ohm.cm for PVC) and which thus permits disper-sal of the local electric charges. Such a covering could be used in a medium exhibiting high sensitivity to local charges, such as computer rooms.
Example 3: plastisol ~ gel A gel is prepared in advance, having the following composition:
10 parts by weight of Aerosil~ 300.
10û parts by weight of white spirit.
l~V3~9 A "compact' p~astisol composition is prepared inaccordance with Example 1.
The following are then mixed:
70 parts of "compact"
S 37 parts of gel 10 parts of TXI~.
The procedure i5 then carried out as in Example 1.
Example 4: plastisol ~ gel The procedure is carried out as in Example 1 or 2, but a foamable paste having the following composi~ion is coated into the cracks obtained:
30 parts of PVC suspension of value K = 66 70 parts of PVC emulsion of value K = 70 32 parts of phthalate plasticizer Z0 parts of TXI~
25 parts of fillers (calcium carbonate) 2 parts of TiO2 2 parts of self-dispersing swelling agent.
Example 5 (comparative example) The attached graphs show the results of laboratory tests in accordance with the annular pumping technique.
Figures 1 to 3 show, as abscissa, the frecluencies (in Hz) and, as ordinate, the modulus G" (dissipation mo-dulus) in N/m .
Figures 4 to 6 show, as abscissa, the frequencies (in Hz) and, as ordinate, the modulus K (rigidity modulus) in N/m.
Figures 1 and 4 relate to a "compact" composition in accordance with Example 1.
Figures 2 and 5 relate to the following composition:
Compact according to ExampLe 1 1,400 Aerosil~ 300 63 ~hite spirit 637 Figures 3 and 6 relate to a composition as men-tioned below, in which the gel has been prepared in advance.
Compact according to Example 1 1,400 Gel 3~
TXI8 2~0 The gel comprises 63 parts of Aerosil~ 300 and 637 parts of white spirit.
As the modulus G" (Figures 1 to 3) is proportional S to the viscosity, and the frequency is proportional to the velocity gradient, annular pumping permits expression of the viscosity as a function of the velocity gradient.
It can be seen from the figures that the composition of Figure 3 exhibits the highest level of viscosity, al-thouyh for a composition having the same total contentsbut in which the silica and the white spirit have not been added in the form of a gel, the viscosity level is very l o ~ .
It is possible to conclude from this that, in the rase of Figure 2, the uhite spirit is not preferentially adsorbed by the silica, but is equally distributed within the medium and thus has a viscosity-lowering effect on the plastisol. In the case of Figure 3, on the other hand, the solvent has caused the inert filler to swell and has remained there even after mixing in the final medium. It was not used to reduce the general viscosity of the plasti-sol. It is only the thermal treatment which will permit desorption of the solvent from the silica, causing shrink-age of the latter.
Figures 4 to 6 concerning the rigidity (modulus K) likewise confirm this behaviour, for the same compositions.
Example 6: Aqueous dispersion In a rapid mixer (Papenmeier type), a dry mixture of PVC
having the following composition is prepared:
30 PVC "suspension" K value 1ûO
Plasticizer 35 Sn stabilizer 2 Epoxidized soya oil 3 When the mixture reaches the temperature of 80 - 90C, it is transferred to the refrigeration cell. In order to obtain a mixture having improved flow properties, between 3 and 5 parts of PVC "emulsion" are added thereto in the course of cooling.
3;~
~ Z
An aqueous suspension prepared in a mixer (Moltini type) has the following composition:
~ater 100 Ethyl-glycol 100 S TiO2 5 Dolomite 150 Dry PVC mixture 200 Cellulose thickener (5~ acl.) 5 Surfactant 2 This aqueous suspension is deposited by means of a scraper on a substrate compOsed of a sheet of glass coated ~ith a PVC plastisol gelled on a drum and which has the following formulation:
PVC "emulsion" 100 15 Chalk 50 - 100 TiO2 3 - 20 PLasticizer 50 - 80 Sn stabilizer 2 Epoxidized soya oil 3 This coating is dried and baked in a hot-air oven beteen 180 and 210C.
In the course of firing, a close and continuous network of cracks appears.
Example 7: Aqueous dispersion Starting from the dry PVC mixture of the same formulation as in Example 1, an aqueous suspension having the follow-ing formulation is prepared:
water 80 Cellulose thickener (5% aq.) 20 30 Dry PVC mixture 100 Dolomite 20 TiO2 4 This suspension is scraped onto a substrate identical to that in Example 1, dried and fired in a hot-air oven under the same conditions.
In the course of firing, a discontinuous and sparse net-work of fine cracks develops.
Each type of product may be treated subsequently in various ~03~9 ways in order to provide finishing, for example by:
* printing followed by varnishing * coating with a coloured varnish, which may or may not * be translucent S coating with a conductive material.
Furthermore, the various aqueous suspensions may be co-loured in the mass by additiOn of a suitable pigment to their formulation.
Claims (46)
1. A process for the production of surface coverings exhibiting a cracked appearance including the steps of:
depositing a plastisol coating composition on a substrate, said coating composition containing a gel prepared from a sorbent/solvent mixture, the sorbent/solvent mixture being comprised of effective amounts of a solid sorbent agent and a solvent which causes swelling by absorption of said solvent in and on the sorbent agent; and thermally treating said deposited coating, said thermal treatment being carried out at a sufficient temperature whereby an irreversible process of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by desorption of the solvent from the sorbent agent occurs simultaneously.
depositing a plastisol coating composition on a substrate, said coating composition containing a gel prepared from a sorbent/solvent mixture, the sorbent/solvent mixture being comprised of effective amounts of a solid sorbent agent and a solvent which causes swelling by absorption of said solvent in and on the sorbent agent; and thermally treating said deposited coating, said thermal treatment being carried out at a sufficient temperature whereby an irreversible process of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by desorption of the solvent from the sorbent agent occurs simultaneously.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said substrate includes at least one deposit of synthetic material thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
said substrate includes at least one deposit of synthetic material thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
3. A process according to claim 1, including:
depositing said plastisol coating composition containing the sorbent/solvent mixture in selected areas on said substrate.
depositing said plastisol coating composition containing the sorbent/solvent mixture in selected areas on said substrate.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said sorbent agent is selected from the group consisting of a silica or a silicate.
said sorbent agent is selected from the group consisting of a silica or a silicate.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein:
said coating composition contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of silica.
said coating composition contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of silica.
6. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said solvent used in said sorbent/solvent mixture exhibits a very high vapor pressure at the temperature of formation of the coating film.
said solvent used in said sorbent/solvent mixture exhibits a very high vapor pressure at the temperature of formation of the coating film.
7. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said coating composition contains 15 to 35% by weight of solvent.
said coating composition contains 15 to 35% by weight of solvent.
8. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of about 110° to about 160°C, having a duration of about 1 minute to about 2 minutes 30 seconds whereby a film is formed.
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of about 110° to about 160°C, having a duration of about 1 minute to about 2 minutes 30 seconds whereby a film is formed.
9. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said solid sorbent agent is a mineral sorbent agent.
said solid sorbent agent is a mineral sorbent agent.
10. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said substrate includes at least one imprint thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
said substrate includes at least one imprint thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
11. A process according to claim 2, wherein:
said substrate includes at least one imprint thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
said substrate includes at least one imprint thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
12. A process according to claim 1, wherein:
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of between about 180° to about 210°C whereby the plastisol coating undergoes drying.
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of between about 180° to about 210°C whereby the plastisol coating undergoes drying.
13. A process according to claim 1, including:
thermally treating the formed cracks to increase the opening of the cracks thereby defining a second thermal treatment.
thermally treating the formed cracks to increase the opening of the cracks thereby defining a second thermal treatment.
14. A process according to claim 13, wherein:
said second thermal treatment is done at a temperature of about 200° with a duration of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
said second thermal treatment is done at a temperature of about 200° with a duration of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
15. A process according to claim 1, wherein said thermal treatment step produces cracks in said deposited coating and including the step of:
applying at least one coating to fill said cracks in said deposited coating.
applying at least one coating to fill said cracks in said deposited coating.
16. A process according to claim 1, including:
carrying out a final firing operation at a temperature of about 190°C for a period of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
carrying out a final firing operation at a temperature of about 190°C for a period of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
17. A process according to claim 15, wherein said coating used to fill said cracks is selected from a coating consisting of:
conductive carbon black, a foamable paste, an imprint or a final wear layer.
conductive carbon black, a foamable paste, an imprint or a final wear layer.
18. A process according to claim 15, wherein:
said coating to fill in said cracks is applied by means of a scraper.
said coating to fill in said cracks is applied by means of a scraper.
19. A process according to claim 4 wherein:
said silica or silicate have a specific surface according to BET within the range of between about 250 and 700 M2/g.
said silica or silicate have a specific surface according to BET within the range of between about 250 and 700 M2/g.
20. A process for the production of surface coverings exhibiting a cracked appearance including the steps of:
depositing a plastisol coating composition on a substrate, said coating composition containing a dispersion in water of effective amounts of a dry mixture of PVC and plasticizer, the plasticizer containing at least one resin forming a gel in water; and thermally treating said deposited coating, said thermal treatment being carried out at a sufficient temperature whereby an irreversible process of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by evaporation of the water occurs simultaneously.
depositing a plastisol coating composition on a substrate, said coating composition containing a dispersion in water of effective amounts of a dry mixture of PVC and plasticizer, the plasticizer containing at least one resin forming a gel in water; and thermally treating said deposited coating, said thermal treatment being carried out at a sufficient temperature whereby an irreversible process of preliminary gelling of the coating and shrinkage of the gel by evaporation of the water occurs simultaneously.
21. The process according to claim 20 wherein:
said substrate includes at least one deposit of synthetic material thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
said substrate includes at least one deposit of synthetic material thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
22. A process according to claim 20, including the step of:
depositing said plastisol coating composition containing the dispersion in water of dry PVC and of a resin forming a gel in water in selected areas on said substrate.
depositing said plastisol coating composition containing the dispersion in water of dry PVC and of a resin forming a gel in water in selected areas on said substrate.
23. A process according to claim 20, wherein:
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of about 110° to about 160°C,, having a duration of about 1 minute to about 2 minutes 30 seconds whereby a film is formed.
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of about 110° to about 160°C,, having a duration of about 1 minute to about 2 minutes 30 seconds whereby a film is formed.
24. A process according to claim 20, wherein:
said at least one resin forming a gel in the presence of water is a cellulose resin.
said at least one resin forming a gel in the presence of water is a cellulose resin.
25. A process according to claim 20, wherein:
said dispersion contains a solvating agent.
said dispersion contains a solvating agent.
26. A process according to claim 20, including:
stabilizing the aqueous dispersion by a mixture of surfactant and antifoam agents.
stabilizing the aqueous dispersion by a mixture of surfactant and antifoam agents.
27. A process according to claim 20, wherein:
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of between 180° to about 210°C whereby the plastisol coating undergoes drying.
said thermal treatment is at a temperature of between 180° to about 210°C whereby the plastisol coating undergoes drying.
28. A process according to claim 20, including:
thermally treating the formed cracks to increase the opening of the cracks thereby defining a second thermal treatment.
thermally treating the formed cracks to increase the opening of the cracks thereby defining a second thermal treatment.
29. A process according to claim 20, wherein:
said second thermal treatment is done at a temperature of about 200°C with a duration of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
said second thermal treatment is done at a temperature of about 200°C with a duration of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
30. A process according to claim 20, wherein said thermal treatment step produces cracks in said deposited coating and including the step of:
applying at least one coating to fill said cracks in said deposited coating.
applying at least one coating to fill said cracks in said deposited coating.
31. A process according to claim 20, including:
carrying out a final firing operation at a temperature of about 190°C for a period of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
carrying out a final firing operation at a temperature of about 190°C for a period of about 1 minute to 2 minutes 30 seconds.
32. A process according to claim 20, wherein:
said substrate includes at least one imprint thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
said substrate includes at least one imprint thereon prior to deposition of said plastisol coating.
33. A process according to claim 30, wherein said coating used to fill in said cracks is selected from a coating consisting of:
conductive carbon black, foamable paste, an imprint or a final wear layer.
conductive carbon black, foamable paste, an imprint or a final wear layer.
34. A process according to claim 30 wherein:
said coating to fill in said cracks is applied by means of a scraper.
said coating to fill in said cracks is applied by means of a scraper.
35. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
36. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 4 to 6.
37. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
38. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 10 to 12.
39. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 13 to 15.
40. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 16 to 18.
41. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 19 to 21.
42. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 22 to 24.
43. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 25 to 27.
44. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 28 to 30.
45. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 31 to 33.
46. A surface covering made by a process according to any one of claims 34.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU86014A LU86014A1 (en) | 1985-07-22 | 1985-07-22 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CRACKED FLOOR OR WALL COVERINGS AND PRODUCT OBTAINED |
| LU86.014 | 1985-07-22 | ||
| LU86088A LU86088A1 (en) | 1985-09-23 | 1985-09-23 | Floor or wall cladding with cracking effect - using plastisol contg. pre-gelled mixt. of sorbing agent e.g. silica and swelling solvent or aq. dispersion contg. PVC plasticiser |
| LU86.088 | 1985-09-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1260329A true CA1260329A (en) | 1989-09-26 |
Family
ID=26640312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000513680A Expired CA1260329A (en) | 1985-07-22 | 1986-07-14 | Process for the production of floor or wall coverings exhibiting a cracked effect and product obtained |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4764411A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0209810B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU583640B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE905074A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1260329A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3664346D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK162925C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2000535A6 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2585027B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR861901B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE57461B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1196520B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO165690C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ216844A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT83028B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1264027A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1989-12-27 | John B. Jalbert | Heat and pressure consolidated laminate |
| US4880689A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1989-11-14 | Formica Corporation | Damage resistant decorative laminate |
| DE4242356A1 (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-06-16 | Sandoz Ag | Monomer preparations for the construction industry |
| US7862835B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2011-01-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a medical device having a porous coating thereon |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR530658A (en) * | 1920-08-05 | 1921-12-28 | Clement Et Riviere | Process for obtaining cracked effects applicable to the decoration of various objects of any shape and material |
| US2612456A (en) * | 1948-07-29 | 1952-09-30 | Ncr Co | Process for applying an ornamental and protective crackle coating to a base |
| US2866720A (en) * | 1955-10-24 | 1958-12-30 | American Marietta Co | Decorative coating and method of making same |
| JPS5125442B1 (en) * | 1971-02-10 | 1976-07-31 | ||
| FR2247494A1 (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1975-05-09 | Bat Applic Revetements Plastiq | Polyvinyl chloride decorative film with cracked appearance - prepd by heating layer contg plastisol and dispersed water |
| FR2413940A1 (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1979-08-03 | Renault | CONSTITUTION OF A FLOOR COVERING, ESPECIALLY FOR THE INTERIOR OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| JPS5840376A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-03-09 | Sugita:Kk | Formation of synthetic resin film having wrinkle patterns on the surface |
| US4605584A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1986-08-12 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Decorative materials comprising crinkled chips |
-
1986
- 1986-07-08 IE IE1836/86A patent/IE57461B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-08 BE BE6/48236A patent/BE905074A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-11 EP EP86109523A patent/EP0209810B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-11 DE DE8686109523T patent/DE3664346D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-14 CA CA000513680A patent/CA1260329A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-14 NZ NZ216844A patent/NZ216844A/en unknown
- 1986-07-15 FR FR8610262A patent/FR2585027B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-18 NO NO862913A patent/NO165690C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-18 IT IT21173/86A patent/IT1196520B/en active
- 1986-07-18 AU AU60314/86A patent/AU583640B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-07-21 ES ES8600427A patent/ES2000535A6/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-21 GR GR861901A patent/GR861901B/en unknown
- 1986-07-21 PT PT83028A patent/PT83028B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-21 DK DK346386A patent/DK162925C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-21 US US06/887,271 patent/US4764411A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT83028B (en) | 1992-08-31 |
| NZ216844A (en) | 1989-03-29 |
| NO862913L (en) | 1987-01-23 |
| EP0209810B1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
| DK162925C (en) | 1992-05-25 |
| NO165690B (en) | 1990-12-10 |
| DE3664346D1 (en) | 1989-08-17 |
| BE905074A (en) | 1986-11-03 |
| NO862913D0 (en) | 1986-07-18 |
| FR2585027B1 (en) | 1988-02-26 |
| IT1196520B (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| EP0209810A1 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
| IE861836L (en) | 1987-01-22 |
| IT8621173A0 (en) | 1986-07-18 |
| AU6031486A (en) | 1987-01-29 |
| US4764411A (en) | 1988-08-16 |
| DK162925B (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| FR2585027A1 (en) | 1987-01-23 |
| NO165690C (en) | 1991-03-20 |
| DK346386D0 (en) | 1986-07-21 |
| GR861901B (en) | 1986-11-24 |
| DK346386A (en) | 1987-01-23 |
| AU583640B2 (en) | 1989-05-04 |
| ES2000535A6 (en) | 1988-03-01 |
| PT83028A (en) | 1986-08-01 |
| IE57461B1 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
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