CA1264297A - Drug-containing chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent formulations - Google Patents
Drug-containing chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent formulationsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1264297A CA1264297A CA000499583A CA499583A CA1264297A CA 1264297 A CA1264297 A CA 1264297A CA 000499583 A CA000499583 A CA 000499583A CA 499583 A CA499583 A CA 499583A CA 1264297 A CA1264297 A CA 1264297A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- drug
- formulation
- propellent
- glycerol phosphatide
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
Abstract
ABSTRACT
DRUG-CONTAINING CHLOROFLUOROCARBON AROSOL
PROPELLENT FORMULATIONS
Complete dissolution of a wide range of drugs in chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents is achieved by the presence of glycerol phosphatides, preferably phosphatidylcholine.
DRUG-CONTAINING CHLOROFLUOROCARBON AROSOL
PROPELLENT FORMULATIONS
Complete dissolution of a wide range of drugs in chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents is achieved by the presence of glycerol phosphatides, preferably phosphatidylcholine.
Description
1~64,'~97 DRUG-CONTAINING CHLOROFLUOROCARBON AEROSOL
PROPELLENT FORMULATIONS
This invention relates to medicinal aerosol formulations and in particular to drug-containing chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent formulations for topical or for endopulmonary or nasal inhalation administration.
Medicinal aerosol formulations generally contain a mixture of cnlorofluorocarbons, e.g.
trichloromonofluoromethane (Propellent 11), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Propellent 114) and dichlorodifluoromethane (Propellent 12). The drug is 15 either present as a solution in the aerosol formulation or as a dispersion of fine particles. For endopulmonary or nasal inhalation, particles predominantly in the size range 2 to 5 microns are required.~
There are very few drugs which can be solubilised in chIorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents alone. Generally, it is necessary to utilise a polar co-solvent, such as ethanol, in order to achieve solubilisation of the drug. However, the resulting 25 solutions can be chemically unstable due to reaction between the co-solvent and the drug or the co-solvent and the propellent system.
Furthermore, when large proportions of co-solvent, e.g. ethanol, are required to achieve 30 dissolution of the drug, the resulting spray droplet size may be too large for certain~ applications, in particular, endopulmonary inhalation therapy.
1264~7 =2=
Suspension of drug in aerosol propellents is achieved by pulverising the drug into the desired particle size range and thereafter suspending the particles in propellents with the aid of a surfactant.
The disadvantages of this technique are that drug particles may agglomerate, grow in size or become adsorbed onto the surface of the container in which the formulations are stored prior to dispensing.
Furthermore, it is necessary to agitate the product 10 prior to use in order to ensure dispersicn of the formulation and uniformity of dosage.
The present invention provides an alternative technique for incorporating drugs into chlorofluoro-carbon aerosol propellents.
Therefore according to the inventlon there is provided an aerosol formulation comprising one or more chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents, a glycerol phosphatide and a drug, the drug being dissolved in the composition.
The glycerol phosphatide may be any one of the following compounds; phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin), phosphatidyl-inositol, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidic acid.
Sueprisingly it has been found that glycerol`
phosphatides cause complete dissolution of certain drugs in chlorofluorocarbon propellents.
Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) has been utilised as a / surfactant in aerosol formulations containing suspended 30 drug particles but heretofore it has not been appreciated that this particular compound can enhance the solubility of certain drugs in chlorofluorocarbon propellents.
, ,.: :
,,, .. , :, ~.2~4~97 It has been found that drugs having at least very slight solubility in chlorofluorocarbon propellents will exhibit an enhanced solubility in the chlorofluorocarbon propellent in the presence of glycerol phosphatide. It is postulated that this enhanced solubility is attributable ~o drug in true ~olution becoming associated with reverse micelles of the glycerol phosphatide which allows further drug to dissolve in the propellent. Thus, the solubilisation 10 process is believed to be as follows:
drug ~ drug in solution ~ drug associated with in propellent reverse micelles of i glycerol phosphatide Initial Micellar solubilisation solubilisation Whilst the compositions of the invention appear visibly to be true solutions since there is no dispersed phase apparent, they are more correctly micellar solutions.
The formulations of the invention may be 20 prepared by forming a concentrate of glycerol phosphatide with a drug and Propellent 11. The concentrate may be formed by simple admixture with agitation and optionally under heating, e.g. 50C, until complete dissolution of the drug has been 25 attained. The concentrate may then be mixed with the remainder of the propellent formulation, e.g.
Propellents 12 and 114.
Phosphatidylcholine is the most suitable glycerol phosphatide to use in view of its low toxicity 30 and high drug solubilising efficacy. Phosphatidyl-choline purified from soya bean lecithin is readily available commercially and suitable grades include Epikuron*200 (Lucas-Meyer) and Lipoid S100 trade marks A
~.2~4;~7 =4=
(Lipoid KG). Both products have a phosphatidylcholine content in excess of 95~
It has been found that certain drugs which are practically insoluble in chlorofluorocarbon propellents alone can be solubilised in the propellent/glycerol phosphatide system by the addition of a smali amount of a co-solvent such as ethanol.
It is postulated that the co-solvent enhances the initial solubilisation step of the solubilisation 10 process. Certain commercially available forms of lecithin, in addition to their phosphatidylcholine content, contain ethanol as an impurity. With compounds of this type, e.g. Lipoid S4~, the ethanol may likewise enhance drug solubilisation.
Suitable drugs for use in the invention comprise those compounds which exhibit at least a very slight solubility in a chlorofluorocarbon propellent.
In general, the drug will be in the form of an ester, base or free alcohol. Highly polar ionic salts of 20 drugs are less suitable since it may not be possible to solubilise the drug in sufficient quantity even with the presence of a small amount of co-solvent.
Exemplary drugs include steroids, e.g.
beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone 25 dipropionate, acetate, valerate and free alcohol.
Other drugs include salbutamol base, atropine base, prednisolone, formoterol base, hydrochloride, fumarate and hemisulphate.
Further suitable drugs for use with the 30 invention include the following:
Anorectics- e.g. benzphetamine hydrochloride chlorphentermine hydrochloride :, . .
.
126~97 =5=
Anti-depressents: e.g. amitriptyline hydrochloride imipramine hydrochloride Anti-hypertensive agents: e.g. clonidine hydrochloride Anti-neoplastic agents: e.g. actinomycin C
Anti-cholinergic agents: atropine base Dopaminergic agents: e.y. bromocriptine mesylate Narocotic analgestics: e.g. buprenorphine hydrochloride seta-adrenergic blocking agents: e.g. propranolol hydrochloride 0 Corticosteroids: e.g. lacicortone, hydrocortisone, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide Prostaglandins: e.g. dinoprost trometamol Sympathomimetics: e.g. xylometazoline hydrochloride 5 Tranquillisers: e.g. diazepam, lorazepam Vitamins: e.g. folic acid, nicotinamide Brochodilators: e.g. clenbuterol hydrochloride bitolterol mesylate Sex hormones: e.g. ethinyloestradiol, levonorgestrel.
The ratio of drug : glycerol phosphatide :
cosolvent (if required) : chloro-fluorocarbon propellent depends upon a number of criteria:
1) The concentration of drug required in the final formul~ation.
25 2) The solubility of glycerol phosphatide in the particular blend of chlorofluorocarbon propellents.
3) The droplet size and evaporation characteristics required of the emitted spray. For inhalation purposes the optimum levels of glycerol phosphatide and Propellent 11 will be the minimum permissable levels to achieve a stable solution. Higher levels of these components =6=
result in an increase in the droplet size of the spray upon dispensing due to a lowering of the volatility of the formulation.
4) Solubility of the drug in the propellents or propellent/co-solvent.
A wide range of propellents may be used in the formulations of the invention including:
Propellent 11 trichloromonofluoromethane Propellent 12 dichlorodifluoromethane 10 Propellent 13 monochlorotrifluoromethane Propellent 21 dichloromonofluoromethane Propellent 22 monochlorodifluoromethane Propellent 113 trichlorotrifluoroethane Propellent 114 dichlorotetrafluoroethane 15 Propellent 115 monochloropentafluoroethane Propellent 500 azetrope - 73.8% dichlorodifluoromethane and 26.2% l,l-difluoroethane In addition to chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent the formulations may contain other 20 propellents, e.g. DME (dimethylether).
In general, the compositions comprising drug, glycerol phosphatide and propellent may be made within the following general weight ratios:
drug : glycerol phosphatide 1 to 500 : 100 glycerol phosphatide : propellent 0.01 to 20 : 100 For many drugs the weight ratio of drug:glycerol phosphatide will~generally be in the range 1 to 30:100 30 and that o~ glycerol phosphatide:propellent in the range 0.01 to 10:100. Preferably the weight ratio of drug:glycerol phosphatide will be in the range 2 to 10:100 and that of glycerol phosphatide:propellent in the range 0.01 to 3:10D.
, .
:
~.2~i4;~37 =7=
The invention will now be illustrated by the following Examples.
Example 1 Solubilisation of beclomethasone dipropionate mq/ml (a) beclomethasone dipropionate (b) Epikuron 200 14 (c) Propellent 11 270 10 (d) Propellent 12 1080 The formulation was prepared by mixing components (a) to (c) under stirring for approximately 15 10 minutes at a temperature of 25C. Thereafter the concentrate was mixed with component (d~ at a temperature appropriate to the filling technique, generally in the range -60 to +20C.
The resulting formulation was a stable solution.
Example 2 Solubilisation of salbutamol base mg/ml (a) salbutamol base 2 25 (b) Epikuron 200 14 (c) Propellent 11 339 (d) Propellent 12 1018 , ,. . -, -- :: , 12~4;~97 =8=
The formulation was prepared as in Example 1 except that solubilisation required stirring for 30 minutes at a temperature of 50QC. A stable solution was formed.
Example 3 Solubilisation of atropine base mg/ml (a) atropine base 10 (b) Epikuron 200 (c) Propellent 11 270 (d) Propellent 12 1080 The formulation was prepared as in Example 1 and resulted in a stable solution.
Example 4 A series of stable formulations were prepared suitable for use as concentrates in the preparation of aerosol formulations. Each concentrate comprised the following compsnents in the weight ratio of drug : Epikuron 200 : Propellent 11 of 1:14:270. The 25 drugs used were prednisolone, betamethasone acetate, betamethasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate and betamethasone free alcohol.
ExamPle 5 30 Solubilisation of formoterol compounds The following formulations were prepared:
1.264~97 =g=
(i) mg/ml formoterol hydrochloride0.2000 ascorbyl palmitate 0.2000 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 341.4125 Propellent 12 1024.2375 1368.7500 ( 1l) mg/ml formoterol hydrochloride 0.2400 vitamin E acetate 2.7000 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 339.8400 Propellent 12 1019.5200 1365. 000 (iii) m~/ml formoterol hydrochloride 0.1800 Lipoid S45 Lecithin 2.7000 Propellent 11 202.0680 Propellent 12 1145.0520 350.0000 ~iv) mg/ml formoterol base 0.1600 Lipoid S45 Lecithin 2.7000 Propellent 11 202.0710 Propellent 12 1145.0690 1350.0000 : .
~.264~9~
-10=
(v) mg/ml formoterol hemisulphate0.1600 Lipoid S45 Lecithin 2.7000 Propellent 11 202.0710 Propellent 12 1145.0690 1350.0000 .
(vi) mg/ml formoterol fumarate 0.2400 vitamin E acetate 2.7000 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 339.84D0 Propellent 12 1019.5200 1365.0000 (vii) mg/ml formoterol fumarate. 0.2400 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 340.5150 Propellent 12 1021.5450 1365.0000 Vitamin E acetate and ascorbyl palmitate were included as antioxidants and did not impair the 25 physical characteristics of the solutions.
The formulations were prepared by mixing the drug, surfactant, Propellent 11 and antioxîdant (when present) under stirring for up to 6 hours at a temperature of 45 to 50C. Thereafter the resulting 30 solution was mixed with Propellent 12 at a temperature appropriate to the filling method to produce a solution.
: : .
1264'~97 =11=
Example 6 A series of stable formulations were prepared suitable for use as concentrates in the preparation of aerosol formulations. Each concentrate comprised drug, Lipoid S100 and Propellent 11 in the weight ratio of 1:7:135. The drugs used were:
Diazepam Lorazepam propranolol hydrochloride hydrocortisone fluocinolone acetonide triamcinolone acetonide Clear stable solutions resulted in all cases. When matching formulations were prepared omitting Lipoid S100 each drug remained in suspension.
Example 7 Use of co-solvent to aid solubilisation A formulation was prepared consisting of xylometazoline hydrochloride, Lipoid S100 and 25 Propellent 11 in the weight ratio 1:7:135. A matching formulation was prepared in which the Lipoid S100 was omitted. After agitation and heating at 50C for four hours a considerable amount of drug remained in suspension, in both formulations. Ethanol 4% by weight 30 was then added to both formulations. After 15 minutes the formulation containing Lipoid S100 was a clear solution. There was no apparent change in the formulation in which Lipoid S100 was omitted. This 1~;4~97 result indicates the efficiency of a small amount of co-solvent in promoting the initial solubilisation step of the phospholipid solubilisation process.
Examp~e 8 Aerosol formulations_containing Diazepam The following formulations were prepared:
mg/ml 10 (a) Diazepam 20 Lipoid S100 7 Propellent 11 370.5 30%
Propellent 12 864.5 70%
1262.0 mg/ml (b) Diazepam 20 Lipoid S100 7 Propellent 11 264.3 30%
DME 616.7 70%
908.0 The formulations were physically stable solutions.
.
Example 9 Use of Propellents 113 and 115 in solubilised formulationæ
The following formulation was prepared:
mg/ml Lorazepam 1.87 Lipoid S100 13.09 Propellent 113 252.59 : . . , , , - . :
'`
1~6~ 37 =13=
Propellent 115 126.29 Propellent 22 884.06 1277.90 Dissolution of the concentrate containing Lorazepam, Lipoid S100 and Propellent 113 was achieved by heating at 50C for 10 ~inutes. Propellent 115 and Propellent 22 were then combined with the concentrate and a physically stable solution resulted.
Example 10 Use of Propellent 500 (Azeotrope) in solubilised formulation The following formulation was prepared:
mg/ml Propranolol HCl 3.02 Lipoid S100 21.14 Propellent 11 407.65 Propellent 500 951.19 1383.00 A physically stable solution formulation resulted.
Example 11 Solubilisation of bitolterol mesylate The following formulations were prepared:
I. mg/ml mg/ml bitolterol mesylate 4.00 8.00 Lipoid S10010.00 20.00 Propellent 11201.30 199.20 Propellent 121140.70 1128.80 1356.00 1356.00 : - .: : ..
' ' lZ64~:97 =1~=
Solubilisation occurred readily in the Propellent 11/
lecithin/drug concentrates at room temperature. Both solution formulations were stable at -60C enabling the cold filling technique to be employed when preparing pressurised dispensing packs.
Example 12 Solubilisation of Lacicortone 10 The following formulations were prepared:
(a) (b) mg/ml mg/ml Lacicortone 2.00 5.00 Lipoid S100 7.00 14.00 Propellent 11 271.20 408.60 Propellent 12 1084.80 953.40 1365.00 1381.00 Solubilisation occurred readily in the Propellent 11/
20 lecithin/drug concentrates at room temperature.
Formulation (a) was stable at -60C and Formulation (b) was stable at -50C enabling the cold filling technique to be employed when preparing pressurised dispensing packs.
Example 13 Use of gly-c-erol PhosPhatides The following formulations were prepared:
parts_by weight beclomethasone dipropionate phosphatidyl serine 14 Propellent 11 270 ~ X64~97 beclomethasone dipropionate phosphatidyl ethanolamine 14 Propellent 11 270 5 salbutamol base phosphatidyl serine 14 P~opellent 11 270 salbutamol base 10 phosphatidyl ethanolam~ne 14 Propellent 11 . 270 Each formulation was a stable clear solution suitable for use as a concentrate in the preparation of 15 aerosol formulations.
PROPELLENT FORMULATIONS
This invention relates to medicinal aerosol formulations and in particular to drug-containing chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent formulations for topical or for endopulmonary or nasal inhalation administration.
Medicinal aerosol formulations generally contain a mixture of cnlorofluorocarbons, e.g.
trichloromonofluoromethane (Propellent 11), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Propellent 114) and dichlorodifluoromethane (Propellent 12). The drug is 15 either present as a solution in the aerosol formulation or as a dispersion of fine particles. For endopulmonary or nasal inhalation, particles predominantly in the size range 2 to 5 microns are required.~
There are very few drugs which can be solubilised in chIorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents alone. Generally, it is necessary to utilise a polar co-solvent, such as ethanol, in order to achieve solubilisation of the drug. However, the resulting 25 solutions can be chemically unstable due to reaction between the co-solvent and the drug or the co-solvent and the propellent system.
Furthermore, when large proportions of co-solvent, e.g. ethanol, are required to achieve 30 dissolution of the drug, the resulting spray droplet size may be too large for certain~ applications, in particular, endopulmonary inhalation therapy.
1264~7 =2=
Suspension of drug in aerosol propellents is achieved by pulverising the drug into the desired particle size range and thereafter suspending the particles in propellents with the aid of a surfactant.
The disadvantages of this technique are that drug particles may agglomerate, grow in size or become adsorbed onto the surface of the container in which the formulations are stored prior to dispensing.
Furthermore, it is necessary to agitate the product 10 prior to use in order to ensure dispersicn of the formulation and uniformity of dosage.
The present invention provides an alternative technique for incorporating drugs into chlorofluoro-carbon aerosol propellents.
Therefore according to the inventlon there is provided an aerosol formulation comprising one or more chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents, a glycerol phosphatide and a drug, the drug being dissolved in the composition.
The glycerol phosphatide may be any one of the following compounds; phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin), phosphatidyl-inositol, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidic acid.
Sueprisingly it has been found that glycerol`
phosphatides cause complete dissolution of certain drugs in chlorofluorocarbon propellents.
Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) has been utilised as a / surfactant in aerosol formulations containing suspended 30 drug particles but heretofore it has not been appreciated that this particular compound can enhance the solubility of certain drugs in chlorofluorocarbon propellents.
, ,.: :
,,, .. , :, ~.2~4~97 It has been found that drugs having at least very slight solubility in chlorofluorocarbon propellents will exhibit an enhanced solubility in the chlorofluorocarbon propellent in the presence of glycerol phosphatide. It is postulated that this enhanced solubility is attributable ~o drug in true ~olution becoming associated with reverse micelles of the glycerol phosphatide which allows further drug to dissolve in the propellent. Thus, the solubilisation 10 process is believed to be as follows:
drug ~ drug in solution ~ drug associated with in propellent reverse micelles of i glycerol phosphatide Initial Micellar solubilisation solubilisation Whilst the compositions of the invention appear visibly to be true solutions since there is no dispersed phase apparent, they are more correctly micellar solutions.
The formulations of the invention may be 20 prepared by forming a concentrate of glycerol phosphatide with a drug and Propellent 11. The concentrate may be formed by simple admixture with agitation and optionally under heating, e.g. 50C, until complete dissolution of the drug has been 25 attained. The concentrate may then be mixed with the remainder of the propellent formulation, e.g.
Propellents 12 and 114.
Phosphatidylcholine is the most suitable glycerol phosphatide to use in view of its low toxicity 30 and high drug solubilising efficacy. Phosphatidyl-choline purified from soya bean lecithin is readily available commercially and suitable grades include Epikuron*200 (Lucas-Meyer) and Lipoid S100 trade marks A
~.2~4;~7 =4=
(Lipoid KG). Both products have a phosphatidylcholine content in excess of 95~
It has been found that certain drugs which are practically insoluble in chlorofluorocarbon propellents alone can be solubilised in the propellent/glycerol phosphatide system by the addition of a smali amount of a co-solvent such as ethanol.
It is postulated that the co-solvent enhances the initial solubilisation step of the solubilisation 10 process. Certain commercially available forms of lecithin, in addition to their phosphatidylcholine content, contain ethanol as an impurity. With compounds of this type, e.g. Lipoid S4~, the ethanol may likewise enhance drug solubilisation.
Suitable drugs for use in the invention comprise those compounds which exhibit at least a very slight solubility in a chlorofluorocarbon propellent.
In general, the drug will be in the form of an ester, base or free alcohol. Highly polar ionic salts of 20 drugs are less suitable since it may not be possible to solubilise the drug in sufficient quantity even with the presence of a small amount of co-solvent.
Exemplary drugs include steroids, e.g.
beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone 25 dipropionate, acetate, valerate and free alcohol.
Other drugs include salbutamol base, atropine base, prednisolone, formoterol base, hydrochloride, fumarate and hemisulphate.
Further suitable drugs for use with the 30 invention include the following:
Anorectics- e.g. benzphetamine hydrochloride chlorphentermine hydrochloride :, . .
.
126~97 =5=
Anti-depressents: e.g. amitriptyline hydrochloride imipramine hydrochloride Anti-hypertensive agents: e.g. clonidine hydrochloride Anti-neoplastic agents: e.g. actinomycin C
Anti-cholinergic agents: atropine base Dopaminergic agents: e.y. bromocriptine mesylate Narocotic analgestics: e.g. buprenorphine hydrochloride seta-adrenergic blocking agents: e.g. propranolol hydrochloride 0 Corticosteroids: e.g. lacicortone, hydrocortisone, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide Prostaglandins: e.g. dinoprost trometamol Sympathomimetics: e.g. xylometazoline hydrochloride 5 Tranquillisers: e.g. diazepam, lorazepam Vitamins: e.g. folic acid, nicotinamide Brochodilators: e.g. clenbuterol hydrochloride bitolterol mesylate Sex hormones: e.g. ethinyloestradiol, levonorgestrel.
The ratio of drug : glycerol phosphatide :
cosolvent (if required) : chloro-fluorocarbon propellent depends upon a number of criteria:
1) The concentration of drug required in the final formul~ation.
25 2) The solubility of glycerol phosphatide in the particular blend of chlorofluorocarbon propellents.
3) The droplet size and evaporation characteristics required of the emitted spray. For inhalation purposes the optimum levels of glycerol phosphatide and Propellent 11 will be the minimum permissable levels to achieve a stable solution. Higher levels of these components =6=
result in an increase in the droplet size of the spray upon dispensing due to a lowering of the volatility of the formulation.
4) Solubility of the drug in the propellents or propellent/co-solvent.
A wide range of propellents may be used in the formulations of the invention including:
Propellent 11 trichloromonofluoromethane Propellent 12 dichlorodifluoromethane 10 Propellent 13 monochlorotrifluoromethane Propellent 21 dichloromonofluoromethane Propellent 22 monochlorodifluoromethane Propellent 113 trichlorotrifluoroethane Propellent 114 dichlorotetrafluoroethane 15 Propellent 115 monochloropentafluoroethane Propellent 500 azetrope - 73.8% dichlorodifluoromethane and 26.2% l,l-difluoroethane In addition to chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent the formulations may contain other 20 propellents, e.g. DME (dimethylether).
In general, the compositions comprising drug, glycerol phosphatide and propellent may be made within the following general weight ratios:
drug : glycerol phosphatide 1 to 500 : 100 glycerol phosphatide : propellent 0.01 to 20 : 100 For many drugs the weight ratio of drug:glycerol phosphatide will~generally be in the range 1 to 30:100 30 and that o~ glycerol phosphatide:propellent in the range 0.01 to 10:100. Preferably the weight ratio of drug:glycerol phosphatide will be in the range 2 to 10:100 and that of glycerol phosphatide:propellent in the range 0.01 to 3:10D.
, .
:
~.2~i4;~37 =7=
The invention will now be illustrated by the following Examples.
Example 1 Solubilisation of beclomethasone dipropionate mq/ml (a) beclomethasone dipropionate (b) Epikuron 200 14 (c) Propellent 11 270 10 (d) Propellent 12 1080 The formulation was prepared by mixing components (a) to (c) under stirring for approximately 15 10 minutes at a temperature of 25C. Thereafter the concentrate was mixed with component (d~ at a temperature appropriate to the filling technique, generally in the range -60 to +20C.
The resulting formulation was a stable solution.
Example 2 Solubilisation of salbutamol base mg/ml (a) salbutamol base 2 25 (b) Epikuron 200 14 (c) Propellent 11 339 (d) Propellent 12 1018 , ,. . -, -- :: , 12~4;~97 =8=
The formulation was prepared as in Example 1 except that solubilisation required stirring for 30 minutes at a temperature of 50QC. A stable solution was formed.
Example 3 Solubilisation of atropine base mg/ml (a) atropine base 10 (b) Epikuron 200 (c) Propellent 11 270 (d) Propellent 12 1080 The formulation was prepared as in Example 1 and resulted in a stable solution.
Example 4 A series of stable formulations were prepared suitable for use as concentrates in the preparation of aerosol formulations. Each concentrate comprised the following compsnents in the weight ratio of drug : Epikuron 200 : Propellent 11 of 1:14:270. The 25 drugs used were prednisolone, betamethasone acetate, betamethasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate and betamethasone free alcohol.
ExamPle 5 30 Solubilisation of formoterol compounds The following formulations were prepared:
1.264~97 =g=
(i) mg/ml formoterol hydrochloride0.2000 ascorbyl palmitate 0.2000 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 341.4125 Propellent 12 1024.2375 1368.7500 ( 1l) mg/ml formoterol hydrochloride 0.2400 vitamin E acetate 2.7000 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 339.8400 Propellent 12 1019.5200 1365. 000 (iii) m~/ml formoterol hydrochloride 0.1800 Lipoid S45 Lecithin 2.7000 Propellent 11 202.0680 Propellent 12 1145.0520 350.0000 ~iv) mg/ml formoterol base 0.1600 Lipoid S45 Lecithin 2.7000 Propellent 11 202.0710 Propellent 12 1145.0690 1350.0000 : .
~.264~9~
-10=
(v) mg/ml formoterol hemisulphate0.1600 Lipoid S45 Lecithin 2.7000 Propellent 11 202.0710 Propellent 12 1145.0690 1350.0000 .
(vi) mg/ml formoterol fumarate 0.2400 vitamin E acetate 2.7000 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 339.84D0 Propellent 12 1019.5200 1365.0000 (vii) mg/ml formoterol fumarate. 0.2400 Epikuron 200 2.7000 Propellent 11 340.5150 Propellent 12 1021.5450 1365.0000 Vitamin E acetate and ascorbyl palmitate were included as antioxidants and did not impair the 25 physical characteristics of the solutions.
The formulations were prepared by mixing the drug, surfactant, Propellent 11 and antioxîdant (when present) under stirring for up to 6 hours at a temperature of 45 to 50C. Thereafter the resulting 30 solution was mixed with Propellent 12 at a temperature appropriate to the filling method to produce a solution.
: : .
1264'~97 =11=
Example 6 A series of stable formulations were prepared suitable for use as concentrates in the preparation of aerosol formulations. Each concentrate comprised drug, Lipoid S100 and Propellent 11 in the weight ratio of 1:7:135. The drugs used were:
Diazepam Lorazepam propranolol hydrochloride hydrocortisone fluocinolone acetonide triamcinolone acetonide Clear stable solutions resulted in all cases. When matching formulations were prepared omitting Lipoid S100 each drug remained in suspension.
Example 7 Use of co-solvent to aid solubilisation A formulation was prepared consisting of xylometazoline hydrochloride, Lipoid S100 and 25 Propellent 11 in the weight ratio 1:7:135. A matching formulation was prepared in which the Lipoid S100 was omitted. After agitation and heating at 50C for four hours a considerable amount of drug remained in suspension, in both formulations. Ethanol 4% by weight 30 was then added to both formulations. After 15 minutes the formulation containing Lipoid S100 was a clear solution. There was no apparent change in the formulation in which Lipoid S100 was omitted. This 1~;4~97 result indicates the efficiency of a small amount of co-solvent in promoting the initial solubilisation step of the phospholipid solubilisation process.
Examp~e 8 Aerosol formulations_containing Diazepam The following formulations were prepared:
mg/ml 10 (a) Diazepam 20 Lipoid S100 7 Propellent 11 370.5 30%
Propellent 12 864.5 70%
1262.0 mg/ml (b) Diazepam 20 Lipoid S100 7 Propellent 11 264.3 30%
DME 616.7 70%
908.0 The formulations were physically stable solutions.
.
Example 9 Use of Propellents 113 and 115 in solubilised formulationæ
The following formulation was prepared:
mg/ml Lorazepam 1.87 Lipoid S100 13.09 Propellent 113 252.59 : . . , , , - . :
'`
1~6~ 37 =13=
Propellent 115 126.29 Propellent 22 884.06 1277.90 Dissolution of the concentrate containing Lorazepam, Lipoid S100 and Propellent 113 was achieved by heating at 50C for 10 ~inutes. Propellent 115 and Propellent 22 were then combined with the concentrate and a physically stable solution resulted.
Example 10 Use of Propellent 500 (Azeotrope) in solubilised formulation The following formulation was prepared:
mg/ml Propranolol HCl 3.02 Lipoid S100 21.14 Propellent 11 407.65 Propellent 500 951.19 1383.00 A physically stable solution formulation resulted.
Example 11 Solubilisation of bitolterol mesylate The following formulations were prepared:
I. mg/ml mg/ml bitolterol mesylate 4.00 8.00 Lipoid S10010.00 20.00 Propellent 11201.30 199.20 Propellent 121140.70 1128.80 1356.00 1356.00 : - .: : ..
' ' lZ64~:97 =1~=
Solubilisation occurred readily in the Propellent 11/
lecithin/drug concentrates at room temperature. Both solution formulations were stable at -60C enabling the cold filling technique to be employed when preparing pressurised dispensing packs.
Example 12 Solubilisation of Lacicortone 10 The following formulations were prepared:
(a) (b) mg/ml mg/ml Lacicortone 2.00 5.00 Lipoid S100 7.00 14.00 Propellent 11 271.20 408.60 Propellent 12 1084.80 953.40 1365.00 1381.00 Solubilisation occurred readily in the Propellent 11/
20 lecithin/drug concentrates at room temperature.
Formulation (a) was stable at -60C and Formulation (b) was stable at -50C enabling the cold filling technique to be employed when preparing pressurised dispensing packs.
Example 13 Use of gly-c-erol PhosPhatides The following formulations were prepared:
parts_by weight beclomethasone dipropionate phosphatidyl serine 14 Propellent 11 270 ~ X64~97 beclomethasone dipropionate phosphatidyl ethanolamine 14 Propellent 11 270 5 salbutamol base phosphatidyl serine 14 P~opellent 11 270 salbutamol base 10 phosphatidyl ethanolam~ne 14 Propellent 11 . 270 Each formulation was a stable clear solution suitable for use as a concentrate in the preparation of 15 aerosol formulations.
Claims (29)
1. An aerosol formulation comprising one or more chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents, glycerol phosphatide and a drug, the drug being dissolved in the composition.
2. A formulation as claimed in Claim 1, in which the glycerol phosphatide is selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylgly-cerol, phosphatidic acid and mixtures thereof.
3. A formulation as claimed in Claim 2, in which the glycerol phosphatide is phosphatidylcholine.
4. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the glycerol phosphatide is purified.
5. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, which comprises Propellent 11, glycerol phosphatide and a drug.
6. A formulation as claimed is claim 5, in which the ratio of glycerol phosphatide to Propellent 11 is 0.01 to 20:100.
7. A formulation as claimed in claim 5, in which the ratio of glycerol phosphatide to Propellent 11 is 0.01 to 10:100.
8. A formulation as claimed in claim 5, in which the ratio of glycerol phosphatide to Propellent 11 is 0.01 to 3:100.
9. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, whch comprises one or more of propellents selected from the group consisting of propellents 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 113, 114, 115 and 500.
10. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the ratio of drug to glycerol phosphatide is 1 to 500: 100 .
11. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the ratio of drug to glycerol phosphatide is 1 to 30:100.
12. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the ratio of drug to glycerol phosphatide is 2 to 10:100.
13. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, which additionally comprises a small amount of a co-solvent to enhance the solubilisation process.
14. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the drug is selected from the group consisting of beclome-thasone dipropionate, betamethasone dipropionate, acetate, vale-rate and base thereof, salbutamol base, atropine base and pred-nisolone.
15. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the drug is selected from the group consisting formoterol base, hydrochloride, hemisulphate and fumarate.
16. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the drug is selected from the group consisting of diaze-pam, lorazepam propanolol hydrochloride, hydrocortisone, fluoci-nolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, xylometazoline hydro-chloride, bitolterol mesylate and lacicortone.
17. A pressurized aerosol pack filled with a formula-tion as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3.
18. A method of solubilising a drug having slight solubility in chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellents, which comprises mixing said drug in a chlorofluorocarbon propellent in the presence of an effective amount of a glycerol phosphatide.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, in which the glycerol phosphatide is selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphadylino-sitol, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidyglycerol and phospha-tidic acid.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19, in which the glycerol phosphatide is phosphatidylcholine.
21. A method as claimed in claim 18, in which the glycerol phosphatide is purified.
22. A method as claimed in claim 18 in which use is made of propellent 11, glycerol phosphatide and a drug and the admixture is conducted under stirring.
23. A method as claimed in claim 22, in which the ratio of glycerol phosphatide to propellent 11 is 0.01 to 20:100.
24. A method as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20 in which use is made of one or more of propellents selected from the group consisting of propellents 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 113, 114 115 and 500.
25. A method as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20, in which use is additionally made of a small amount of a co-solvent to enhance the solubility process.
26. A method as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20, in which the drug is selected from the group consisting of beclo-methasone dipropionate, betamethasone dipropionate, acetate, valerate and base thereof, salbutamol base, atropine base and prednisolone.
27. A method as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20, in which the drug is selected from the group consisting of formo-terol base, hydrochloride, hemisulphate and fumarate.
28. A method as claimed in claim 18, 19 or 20, in which the drug is selected from the group consisting of diaze-pam, lorazepam, propranolol hydrochloride, hydrocortisone, fluo-cinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, xylometazoline hydrochloride, bitolterol mesylate and lacicortone.
29. A process for solubilising a drug having slight solubility in chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent which com-prises using an effective amount of glycerol phosphatide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB858501015A GB8501015D0 (en) | 1985-01-16 | 1985-01-16 | Drug |
| GB8501015 | 1985-01-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1264297A true CA1264297A (en) | 1990-01-09 |
Family
ID=10572909
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000499583A Expired - Lifetime CA1264297A (en) | 1985-01-16 | 1986-01-15 | Drug-containing chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellent formulations |
Country Status (23)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4814161A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0209547B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0811725B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR890004690B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE56358T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU577663B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1264297A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD241422A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3674098D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK175346B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8800037A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI90014C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8501015D0 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR860066B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU196303B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE58703B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL77467A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO172727C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ214832A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH23529A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT81839B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986004233A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA8645B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB993702A (en) * | 1961-11-10 | 1965-06-02 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | An aerosol dispersing agent |
| US3551558A (en) * | 1967-08-18 | 1970-12-29 | Eisai Co Ltd | Therapeutical aerosol composition and preparation thereof |
| DE2750090A1 (en) * | 1976-11-19 | 1978-06-01 | Sandoz Ag | NEW FORMS OF ADMINISTRATION FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
| AU522792B2 (en) * | 1977-07-19 | 1982-06-24 | Fisons Plc | Pressure pack formulation |
| GB2001334B (en) * | 1977-07-19 | 1982-03-03 | Fisons Ltd | Pressurised aerosol formulation |
| FR2440371A1 (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1980-05-30 | Fisons Ltd | NOVEL HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME AND METHODS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
| AU527931B2 (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1983-03-31 | Farmitalia Carlo Erba S.P.A. | Substituted pyrido(1,2-a)pyrimidines |
| JPS56140915A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1981-11-04 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Pharmaceutical preparation for solid drug |
-
1985
- 1985-01-16 GB GB858501015A patent/GB8501015D0/en active Pending
- 1985-12-27 IL IL77467A patent/IL77467A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1986
- 1986-01-02 DE DE8686900606T patent/DE3674098D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-02 AU AU53064/86A patent/AU577663B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-02 JP JP61500323A patent/JPH0811725B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-02 WO PCT/GB1986/000001 patent/WO1986004233A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-01-02 KR KR1019860700635A patent/KR890004690B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-02 HU HU86935A patent/HU196303B/en unknown
- 1986-01-02 AT AT86900606T patent/ATE56358T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-02 US US06/915,971 patent/US4814161A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-02 EP EP86900606A patent/EP0209547B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-03 ZA ZA8645A patent/ZA8645B/en unknown
- 1986-01-06 PH PH33261A patent/PH23529A/en unknown
- 1986-01-10 GR GR860066A patent/GR860066B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-13 DD DD86286139A patent/DD241422A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-14 PT PT81839A patent/PT81839B/en unknown
- 1986-01-15 CA CA000499583A patent/CA1264297A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-15 ES ES550891A patent/ES8800037A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-15 NZ NZ214832A patent/NZ214832A/en unknown
- 1986-01-15 IE IE11486A patent/IE58703B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-15 FI FI863730A patent/FI90014C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-15 DK DK198604403A patent/DK175346B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-15 NO NO863683A patent/NO172727C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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