CA1266177A - Display means for directing an image along an angularly movable axis - Google Patents
Display means for directing an image along an angularly movable axisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1266177A CA1266177A CA000513434A CA513434A CA1266177A CA 1266177 A CA1266177 A CA 1266177A CA 000513434 A CA000513434 A CA 000513434A CA 513434 A CA513434 A CA 513434A CA 1266177 A CA1266177 A CA 1266177A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- image
- display
- display surface
- light
- movable axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- WTGQALLALWYDJH-WYHSTMEOSA-N scopolamine hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 WTGQALLALWYDJH-WYHSTMEOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100379067 Caenorhabditis elegans anc-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100031612 Hypermethylated in cancer 1 protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710133850 Hypermethylated in cancer 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100492584 Caenorhabditis elegans ast-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006873 Coates reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000575946 Ione Species 0.000 description 1
- LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N Linagliptin Chemical compound N=1C=2N(C)C(=O)N(CC=3N=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C)N=3)C(=O)C=2N(CC#CC)C=1N1CCC[C@@H](N)C1 LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100523604 Mus musculus Rassf5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRVFFFJZQVENJC-IHRRRGAJSA-N aloxistatin Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCC(C)C SRVFFFJZQVENJC-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005338 frosted glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QZIQJVCYUQZDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCN(C)CCCl QZIQJVCYUQZDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- STEPQTYSZVCJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N metazachlor Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(=O)CCl)CN1N=CC=C1 STEPQTYSZVCJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102098 revolution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
- G09F19/18—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects involving the use of optical projection means, e.g. projection of images on clouds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
- G03B37/02—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe with scanning movement of lens or cameras
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
- H04N13/207—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor
- H04N13/221—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor using the relative movement between cameras and objects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
- H04N13/393—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume the volume being generated by a moving, e.g. vibrating or rotating, surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
- H04N13/194—Transmission of image signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/296—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A display means is provided for directing an image along an angularly movable axis. The display means includes a display surface arranged in a plane for displaying an image, and light source means for emitting light along an optical path comprising the optical axis for illuminating the display surface. Image movement means are provided for moving the display surface so as to swing the angularly movable axis about a rotational axis.
Aperture means are provided for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions.
The aperture means include optical bundling means which simul-taneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the displayed image along the movable axis and, at the same time, prevent light from being transmitted from the adjacent portions of the displayed image at an angle to the movable axis. Light reflecting means are provided for deviating the optical path of light emitted by the light source means. The display device further includes a screen which is transparent for transmitting the image which surrounds the moving image.
A display means is provided for directing an image along an angularly movable axis. The display means includes a display surface arranged in a plane for displaying an image, and light source means for emitting light along an optical path comprising the optical axis for illuminating the display surface. Image movement means are provided for moving the display surface so as to swing the angularly movable axis about a rotational axis.
Aperture means are provided for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions.
The aperture means include optical bundling means which simul-taneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the displayed image along the movable axis and, at the same time, prevent light from being transmitted from the adjacent portions of the displayed image at an angle to the movable axis. Light reflecting means are provided for deviating the optical path of light emitted by the light source means. The display device further includes a screen which is transparent for transmitting the image which surrounds the moving image.
Description
7~
This invention relates to display means for directing an image along an angularly movable axis.
Display means of this type ~hich have been in existen~e to date have the deficiency that -the qual.i-ty of the -transrnission of information is very dependent on the relative position of the observer and the display means. In the case of public clocks, it has been attempted to overcome this disadvantage by providing several clock faces around the tower supporting the clock.
~owever, this involves a corresponding additional expenditure and, in any case, where four clock faces are provided on the sides of a square tower, an observer .standing at an angle of 45 degrees to two clock faces can still only read the time with dificulty.
For clocks, as well as for advertising displays, it has therefore already been proposed to fasten the entire display vertically on a vertical rotary shaft~ and to rotate the shaft slowly by means of a motor. Because of the slowness of the rotary movement, it can take some time until the display is aimed at an observer, so that the purpose of the means, especially in the case of an advertising surface, is often lost.
At sports events, display means are occasionally used which represent a compromise between the two aforementioned solutions:
here, several display means facing in various directions are mounted, each of which also describes a pivoting movemen-t. This solution is naturally relatively expensive.
.~i6~
This invention relates to display means for directing an image along an angularly movable axis.
Display means of this type ~hich have been in existen~e to date have the deficiency that -the qual.i-ty of the -transrnission of information is very dependent on the relative position of the observer and the display means. In the case of public clocks, it has been attempted to overcome this disadvantage by providing several clock faces around the tower supporting the clock.
~owever, this involves a corresponding additional expenditure and, in any case, where four clock faces are provided on the sides of a square tower, an observer .standing at an angle of 45 degrees to two clock faces can still only read the time with dificulty.
For clocks, as well as for advertising displays, it has therefore already been proposed to fasten the entire display vertically on a vertical rotary shaft~ and to rotate the shaft slowly by means of a motor. Because of the slowness of the rotary movement, it can take some time until the display is aimed at an observer, so that the purpose of the means, especially in the case of an advertising surface, is often lost.
At sports events, display means are occasionally used which represent a compromise between the two aforementioned solutions:
here, several display means facing in various directions are mounted, each of which also describes a pivoting movemen-t. This solution is naturally relatively expensive.
.~i6~
- 2-~K Patent Specific~tion No. 2 054 901 cliscloses clisplaymeans comprisin~ a cylindrical disp1ay surface for direc-ting images of an object in all directions and optical bundling aperture means in a form of elongate lenses ar-ranged side-by-side, so as to form a hollow cylinder.
However, in this case, the display surface consists of a series of specially photographed views of an object which cooperates with the lenses to provide a three-dimensional view of the object. The display surface does not move so as to direct an image along an angularly movable axis as required by the present invention and the aperture means are designe~ to expose the same aAjacent portions of the display surface along widely divergent axis.
US Patent Specification No. 4 158 a87 discloses similar display means comprising a cylindrical display surface, a rotatable light source directed radially through the dis-play surface, and a concave mirror for reflecting light from adjacent portions of the display surface. Although the rotatable light source directs different parts of the image along an angularly movable axis, the image does not move and the light reflected from the concave mirror is not prevented from being transmitted at an angle to the movable axis.
US Patent Specification No. 3 463 581 discloses display means in which a cylindrical display surface can be moved so as to direct an image displayed on the display surface along an angularly movable axis and in which aperture means are provided for simultaneously exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions. ~lowever, these apert-ure means do not prevent light from being transmitted from said adj2cent portions of the display surface along wi~ely divergent axis.
~Z~ '7~
US Patent Specification Mo. 3 324 76n ~iscloses display means in whi.ch a ~.isplay suxfa.ce, in the form of a rotat-able mirror, protects an image along an angularly ~ova~le axis and aperture means rotatable with the display sur-face are provided for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each po-sition of the movable axis, correspon~ with respective adjacent portions. 'lowever, the apparatus is designed to display three-dimensional images in which the lines Oc sight from the two eyes of an observex emanate from dif-ferent portions of the display surface. To obtain this effect, it is necessary to ensure that the aperture means consist of only one viewing slot and this reduces the light reflected from the display surface.
Known forms of display means which to some extent over-come these difficulties and deficiencies comprise a dis-play surface for displaying an illuminated image which is to be directed along an angularly mova~le axis; image movement means for moving the display surface so as to swing the angularly mova.ble axis about a rotational axis;
and aperture means for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each po-sition of the movahle axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions.
In one such known form of display mea.ns disclosed in Ger-man .Published .Patent .Specifiaction .~lo. 1 1~3 5~6, t~e display surface extends across the d~ametral plane of a cylindrical drum and is rotated at high speed with the drum. The aperture means com.prise an elonqate slot in the drum which extends parallel to the rotational axis of the drum so that, during a portion of each revolution of t~e drum, regardless of the ~.irections in wh.ich an observer views the dis~lay means, the s].ot scans the widtll of the display surface at least ~.~8 times a second. ~s a result of the pe~sistence of vision, the display surface appear~ to be stationary.
United Kingdom Paten-t Specification Mumber 299,788 discloses a similar apparatus in which the display surace is not mounted on a diametral plane within the drum, bu-t instead, is mounted so as to provide an arcua-te surface surrounding the slot in the drum. This provides a less distorted view of the display sur-face. However, in both cases, effectiveness of this apparatus is limited because the display surface is viewed through a single slot and this limits the amount of light transmitted from the apparatus and thus the visibility of the display surface.
It is an objec-t of a broad aspect of the present invention to provide display means in which the hereinbefore-mentioned disadvantages are at least partly avoided and in which the image is always directed at a fixed angle to the display surface.
This task, which appears to be almost impossible, is achiev-ed in a surprising manner by providing aperture means which comprise optical bundling means which simultaneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the display surface along the movable axis and, at the same time, prevent light from being transmitted from the display surface at an angle to such movable axis.
Thus, according to one broad aspect of this invention, display means is provided for directing an image along an an-gularly movable axis, comprising: a display surface arranged in a plane for displaying an image; light source means for emitting light along an optical path comprising the optical axis for illuminating the display surEace; image movemen-t means for mo~ing ~26~
the display surface so as to swing the angularly movable axis about a rotational axi~; and aperture means for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sigh-t which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions; the aperture means comprising optical bundling means which s,imultaneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the displayed image along the movable axis and, at the same time, preven-t light from being transmitted from the adjacent portions of ~he displayed image at an angle to the movable axis, while light reflecting means are provided for deviating the optical path of light emitted by the ligh-t source means, the display device further compri~ing a screen being transparent for transmitting the image which surrounds the moving image.
The image movement means preferably are operable so that the image is directed repeatedly in at least one direction at least 48 times a second. The image movement means preferably comprises an electric motor having at least one of the following charac-teristics: (a) it is a squirrel-cage motor; (b) it is a synchron-ous motor; (c) its rotor is equipped with permanent magnets; ~d) it is a stepper motor; and/or (e) it is an external rotor mo-tor.
The optical bundling means preferably comprise an optical matrix on the transparent screen. The optical bundling means may further comprise a lamellae grid located adjacent the display surface whereby each lamella is in a plane which severs the plane of the light reflecting means at an angle oP 90 degrees. The display means can also include two diPferent optical bundling means. The light source preferably is provided for illumination a 7 ~
of the display surface passing -through a transparen-t display surface. The image may be provided by a cathode ray tube monitor having a viewing screen.
In one variant, a variable-image tran~mitter in the form of a movable video camera i~ provided for transmi-tting differen-t images to the display surface, and an image synchronizing device is provided for synchronizing movemen-t of the image movement means with movement of the camera.
The display surface may be the reflective surface of a mirror, and the image movement means~comprise means for moving the display surface about the rotational axis.
The light reflecting means may comprise at least one of the following characteristics: ~a) a rotating mirror, and ~b~ it lS deflects the optical path by 90 degrees.
As a result of the display means of aspects of the present invention, light is simultaneously transmitted from substantially the entire display surface. The display surface is thus much clearer to an observer than the display surfaces of known display ~0 means. Moreover, light ~rom the display surface is transmit-ted along an angularly movable axis which is always at a fixed angle to the display surface which is preferably 90 degrees so that the movable axis extends radially from the rotational axis about which the movable axis is angularly movable. It is to be under-stood that light is also transmitted from different portions of the display surface along or parallel to the movable axis, the natural spread or dispersion of light enables the different portions of the display surface to be viewed by an observer instantaneously-positioned on the movable axis along lines of ~A
_ 7 _ sight which diverge slightly from the movable ~xis. Sirnilarly, as a result of this spread or dispersi~rl of light, ~he iMage displayed on the display surface will appear to rnove slightly in the direction of angular movement of the movable ~xis. ~owever, depending on the dimensions of the optical bundling means forming the aperture mean~, this movement may be almos-t, if no-t wholly, imperceptible.
The display system may be enclosed by a transparent screen which possibly can also support the optical bundling means, as is known of transmitted light screen in the most diverse embodi-ments. --In a preferred embodiment of the invention the image move-ment means exhibit such a speed that the image can be aimed lS repeatedly in at least one direction, preferably in all direc-tions along a circle, at least 48 times a second. However, this is by no means essential to the invention. The optical bundling means always direct the image of the display surface along the angularly movable axis and so, if the frequency of the images ~0 projected in a certain direction is 48 images per second, this gives the impression of a continuous and stable image, since as is known this frequency represents the flicker fusion threshold for the human eye. However, for advertising purposes, a certain flicker effec-t can be quite desirable for attracting attention.
In addition, even with low fxeq-uencies, stabilisation of the image can be achieved by constructing the screen as a storage screen, such as a fluorescent ~creen, as is often used for oscilloscopes. It is noted, however, that the image frequency of 48 imàges per second i~ not an essential feature and that the - 7a -display means need not be provided wi-th a storage screen for stabili2ing -the image.
It is the very configura-tion of the ~ystem as a transmitted light system which makes it desirable for the display ~urface to be provided with at least one light source for illumination of the image.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a cross-section view of a first embodiment, Figures 2A and 2B are schematic representations of two variants of a second embodiment; . .
Figure 3 is a-side elevation of a third embodiment, partly in section;
Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a forth embodi-ment;
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a fifth embodiment ofthe invention in the form of an advertising object;
Figures 6 and 7 are perspective views of two further embodi- -ments which are simi.lar to each other;
and Figure 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention for displaying a limited number of different images.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, an axle mounting 2 is screwed onto a mast 1 with a thread 3. The axle moun-ting 2 has a hollow central portion for and a housing 5 for accepting electronic circuits 8 (shown in dashed outline, together wi-th a display surface 6 are mounted rotatably on the central body 4 by means of rolling bearings 7. The display surface 6 can be an LC~
array, but it is preferably of the self-illuminating type, such ~6~7 - 7b -as an LED array with luminous tubes, filament lamp~ or the like.
I~ is naturally just as possible to provide the ends of light conductors, e.g. in a matrix, to use light-conducting plates, or also electrochromatic means. The energizing means required for self-illuminating display arrays are accommoda-ted in housing 5, which can possibly also accorlmo~ate a hatter~ o/ever, a?art frol~ relati~e-ly smal] mercury ~atterles, SllC'Q power sources hav~ a re-latively high weig~t which, ~iurir1g rotation aroun~ tne central ~ortion ~, results in un~1esire-1 centriFugal for-ces an~ possi~ly to out-of-bcllance forces, whic?- require additional ~alancing measures.
It is tl1erefore preferre~ for the power for t~e electro-nic circuit 3 to be supplied from outsic?e via sliprings 9 with sliding contacts 1~ Current is supplier1 to saia sliprings 9 from a cahle tree 11 passing throug',1 tlle ~?ast 1, from which the stator windings 12 are an external rotor e]ectric motor 12 and 13 also receive exitation energy. The poles 13 of the rotor consists preferably of permanent magnets in or~ler that they at least nee~ not have a separate power su??ply. ~s shown, the ro-tor poles 13 are fastened directly to the housing 5, by means of a joining ring 14 or hy glueing. It is noted, however, that in such a configuration the motor 12 and 1 3 shoulc?.
preferably be a slow-speed motor, which in general involves higher manufacturing costs. T~owever, a reduction gear is thereby omitte~, and the spatial requirement is also minimal.
If the clisplay surface 6, e.g. the display array of a ~igital cloclc, where rotatec. around the ho]low central body 4, information displayec' thereupon would become un-reaclable because of its fast movement. Z~owever, an opti-cal bundling system is arranged in front of the c1isplay surface 5 which permits viewing only along an axis which is substantially perpenticular to the display surface h (even so viewing a~is at other angles woulc? also he ~oss-ible, but less expe~ient). [n the simplest c2se, th~is optical hunf?ling system consists of a series of louver-li!ce lamellae in t~e form of a lamellae grid 1~ like a louver blind directly in front of the display surface X, ;6~l7~7 n some o~ t~e lamellae in F:ig. 1 ~eing ~arti21:ly cut away for the purpose of showin~ the other la~el:lae ~-e~.ind them as ~ell. ~y mealls of this lamellae gricl 15, a kin~ of strohosco~ic ef fect is o~tained cluring the rotation of the housing 5, i.e. since the image clis~layed by t~e dis-plav surface S is only visa~le to a viewer at a certain point and in rapid repetition, it appears as as series of stationary exposures. T-.owever, every viewer has this im-pression, regardless of his angular ~isposition relativ to the display means.
In order to protect the rotating parts, a trarlsparent screen, consisting for example of plexiglass, is he].d .between a cover 1~ screwed onto the .h~ollow central por-tion a of the axle mounting 2 and a flange 17 of the axle mounting ~. In the em.boc~iment shown in Eig. 1, this screen 5~ is of semi-toroidal shape. If desirecl, the in-side of the screen 13 can he coate~ with a fluorescent suhstance in order to obtain a certain afterglow effect, t.hereby countering flickering in the event that the speed of rotation Orc the display array should be less than 48 rotations per second. ~owever, the rotation can easily be adjusted to any given speed if t.he motor used is a synchronous motor, or even a stepper motor which is prefera.bly operated continuously. However, other motors such as asynchronous motors can also he userl~
T~e screen 58 may serve as protection against access to the rotating parts and hence as protection agairlst in-jury; a further function is to project against dust anr~
contamination and, in th.e case of display means installed outdoors, also against the effects of t'~e weather it can also ~e the carrier of an image storage substance SUCh as fluorescent material.
~2~ 7 - I o-To improve ~he clirectional ef:fect even F~r~.er the screen 1~ or the screen 5~ ~ay be provic1eA wit~ an optical bund-ling system si~ilar to the lenticl~:Lar matrix 19 ~rovide;l on screen 11R, as Sh.O~`/Il in Fi.g. 2~. ~ screen such ~.s this can be ?rovi~ed in view of or in ac1dition to the larnell~e grid 15. If t~is screen 53 is modified in tnis ~ay, it not only provides protection against contamination hy dust, but also contributes to the directional effect by incorporating its own o~tical bunc1ling system. O~tical .bundling system such as this, ~or transmitted lig~t pro-jection are known and consist of Fresnel lenses, lenticu-lar matrices (pre~erre~) or o~tical fihers. In optical fiber syste~s, the length of th.e optical fi.bers corresponds to the thickness of the screen, the side sur-faces of the fibers are joined together, e.g. by glueincr, and the end surfaces of the i.~ers form the screen sur-faces. Less effective mo~1.ifications are prism or grain matrices (in the case of frosted glass screens).
In the emhodiment illustrated in Fig. 2A, the dis?lay surface consists of the reflective surface 23 of a mirror which reflects the screen 106 of a television set 105.
The television set 105 can, say for advertising ~urposes, also be connected to a still ~ictuxe video recorder, in which case the sereen 105 is rotated arounc1 a vertieal axis synchroneously with the mirror. ~otation o~ t;le television set 105 natura].ly involves ~roblems. ~owever, it is hy no means necessary for the device itself to rotate in that the ~icture shown on the scxeen 106 can be rotatecl electronically. ~s shown schematically in Fig.
2A, an ohjective lens system ~n is arrangec1 in front of the screen 1~5. Th.is objective lens system 20 ~las a relatively short focal lengt.h. and so it constitutes a wide-angle system for t~e ~u.r~ose of savlncr s?ace. T~e objective .lens system 20 has a tuhe ~ody 21 which is mounte~ in a manner not shown so as to he non-rota ah1e !~ut a~ially adjusta~le so that t~le ir~age can be focussed.
~Such an adjusting neans is not shown, and corlstitutes prior art techno:Logy. T~ie opticcil system may coMprise a prism for Maintaining the irnage i.n upri.g'l' con~ition, though the mirror 23 is rotate.r1. ~uc; a prism (not shown) may .be formed by a Dove-prism ~"hich has to ;~e connected to the drive in an appropriate manner to rotate around the optical axis.
A cylinder 22 is rotatably mounted on the tube '~o~1y 21 and, on its upper end, carries the mirror with the reflective surface 23. ~ight from the picture on t.he screen is transmitted through the o~j ective lens system 20 and is projected .~y the mirror surface 23 through a.
screen 11~ which is suP.~orted hy a housing 24 (only ?art of whic.h is shown). The rnirror is driven via a gearwheel 25 fastened to the rotatable tu.be 22, said gearwheel in turn meshing with a gearwheel 2~ of a motor 112. The gearwheels 25 and 2~ constitute a reduction gearing which, if required, can also consist of more than two gearwheels. If desired the drive can also be a ~elt drive, e.g. with toothed belts or the like.
The screen 1 18 is cvlindrical, and on its inside is furnished with the already rrientioned lenticular matrix 1~. As such, it wou.ld also !~e possihle to apply such a matrix to tlhe outside of the screen 11 S , .but tlle danger of contamination becornes greater and cleaning more i f f i cu lt .
In Fig. 2A, a special type of applicati.on i.s i.l.l ustrate.r1 .
Tlere, the television set 1()5 is equi~per1 with an antenna 27 whic.h .receives signals from a television camera 2~ via its antenna 29. T.he televis7.on camera 2~ is mounted on a rotary tripod 30, th.e turntahl e :~1 of whicll can ~>e ~1rivean with the aid of a ~.otor 32, so t!~at the camera 2~ rota~es aroun~1. a vertical axis 33. During the rotation of the camera 2~ it scans t~e sllrrounding panor~.rr,a throug~ 3hn cd2grees an~ tiansmits corresponr3ing vi~1eo signals via it antenna 29 to the te.levlsion set 1~5, ~"here it is receivec1 via the antenna 27. In this way the scener successively scanne.~ are repro~uce~1 on the screen 1Q6 in the same sequence.
If the mirror surface 23 rotates at the sa.ne speed as the turntable 31 of the tripod 30, the scenes scanned in succession ~y the camera 2~ would ~e projectecl. next to one another through the screen 11~. T1owever, this does not suffice if each successive scene in the entire panaroma is to be presen-ted to several viewers at the same time~ In order to make the same image simultaneously visi~le to viewers all axoun.r~ the screen 11~, the ~,irror surface 23 must rotate at many times the s~ee~1 of the rotary table 31. ~ synchronization adapter 34 connecting the two motors 32, 112, is providecl for synchronizins rotation of the mirror with rotation of the turntahle 31.
The synchronization adapter can be adjusted to provide the synchronization, for effects, if this is desired.
Fig. 2~ illustrates a moc'ification of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2A whereby another effect ressembling holography can ~e achievec1. To produce a view of a statue 36 with 2 three-dimensional effect, a camera 128 can be moved along a path around an axis 133 throucJll the st~.tue 36. The path can he formec1 ~y an annular xail 37 surrounding the axis 133. The rail 37 is expediently fitted with st2toc poles 38 of a linear motor, ~"hile the camera 12~, at al1 times aimec1 at the axis 133, can be moved along the rail 37 on a slide 39 carrying the rotor pole.~. In this c~se, tl~le synchroni2ation si~na1s for the motor 112 are either transmitte~ ~y means of a special freqllency ~an~. via an antenna 129 of the camera 12~, or the vi'eo synchroniza'-7~
ion sicjnals are simultaneouslv use~1 to control ~,~e ~ove-ment of '~ot1l the mrtor 3~ an~' 39 anr' the ~otor 112.
~eyond the mere novelty effect of sl~c~ an a.rrange~ent, it can a.lso ~e of practical signj..ficance. .7-~s iS kno~n, the presentation of j2welry for pur2oses of selling consti-tutes a considerab.le risk for the traveller. Conversely, if a jewelry piece to he presentecl is moun~ed on the axis 133 and p.hotographe~. with the camera 12~, vie~Js of this jewelry ~iece ta]cen from all sides can he transmittec~
from a secure location.
Fig. 3 illustrates apparatus similar .o the e~hodiment illustratecl in Fig. 1 in that a screen 21~, the function of which corres~oncls to the function of screen 1n in ~ig.
1 is also rotatable a~out a central axis. In. this case a rotor ~ousing 102 is rotat,a.~ly mounted on a ho.llow stan~
101 corresponding to the mast 1 in Fig. 1, said housing 102 being solidly connected with a screen housinc 117.
The rotor housing 102 can ~e rlriven in an anal ogous manner as axle mounting 2 of the em~odiment shor,ln in Fis.
1, it .~eing possible for a squirrel-cage motor to be ~rovided insicle the housing 102 in a si~ilar manner to that shown in Fig. 1. Insi~e of the housing 117 a mirror .having a reflective surface 123 is ~rovide~ for reflect-ing light from a lig~t source 41 onto ancl through a dis-~lay surface 205.
The screen housing 117 accommorlates ~. screen 21 Q, t~e cross section of which is shown at the left in Fig. 3. In this case, the display surfaee 2n~ is the surf2c2 of ~
transparent sheet or mas1c which allows ligh.t to pass only at pree.1etermine~. ~oints. T1~e .1ig,h1, se~1rce a.1 i.s a pro-jection la~p ~.i.t,er,1 w.1th a eoneave ~i.rror 4n inslrle the hol10~`7 sta.nd 1 n1 . In t.~ em1~o~.men'~, 1,-,ght p~sses through a h,undlinc,~ system .formed. ~y a lame,1.lae r,-r-~, 15 ~26~7~
?rovirle~ on t'-.e i~if1e o~ t~r. transr~re~t s'~ret or r1as'c ~earing the ~.is~lay sur.face 2n5 (c.f. ~ig. 1) ~.1Ong ~.n ancul2rly ~ova~lr~ axis ~ ich is ter-~enr1iclllar 'o ,~e r~ j C_ ~lay su.face 206, so that the i-r!ae on the ~1ls l~y sur-face 20~ c~n only be seen hrightly when lt is ap?ro~i-mately per~enrlicular to a viewing axis of a viel"er 2.n~.
this viewing axis is aligned with t~.e angularly Movr~le axis. However, if the housing 117 is rotate~. ~ast enoua~, the image is visable all arounr1. the housinc, 117 2t all ti~es.
I~!ith t.his emboc'i.rn.ent the lamel1ae grir'. 15 coul~, if desirer~, also be provic1ecl on the outsicle of t.'re screen 21~, howevrr, for safety reasons anrl ~ue to the xis'~ of dust contamination this is inapprop.-fiate.
As shown in Fia. 4, th~f' inV?ntion iS not limi er~ to apparatus provi~lng a display which. exten~.s througl1 3~0 ~egrees. Thus, as shown, an arc-shapr-~c1 screen 31~. can also ~e provided. Th.~s screen 318 is fittec1 on lts rear side with a lamellae grir.' 15. P. slide projector 42 projects an image from a c1iapositive insic'e said project-or via a lens system 43 to a display surfaee provi~.ec~ y the reflective surface 223 of a mirror of a galvanom.fter 45. The slide projeetor is inserterl into a housj.ng (not shown) supporting the sereen 318. The lens systern 43 is not one oi the usual projection system, but only a part of a telecentric system, the other ~art ~ of which ls schematically illustratec1 merely as a lens.
In this em~or'.i.ment, the movinfr coil an.f1. associate~l parts of the ga1vanometer f..5 serve as the im~ge movem.ent means which carry the rela~iv~ely small anf hence lo~ ass mlrror 223 on its ?.~XiS of. rotation ~6 in a si.ml]ar ~ay, as is known for othef purpr.)ses :fro~ r~-Dat-en~ n~
The axis ~.6 is expe.rl.jently locater1 in the center of the scre~?n ~1~. Conseq~entl~, ~ke in -.~'e i5 ?rojec~e~' out of the projector 42 onto the mirror surface 223, and from there t~rou~h the seconc~ part ~ of the ~rojectiorl .s~,~ste to the screen 31~. In a moc'ifiecl e~r~o~ ent, tl~-e telecen-tric o~tical svstem ~.3 an~ . is reolaced b~ a stan~.?.rc' ~rojection lens system. As is norma1 with such a lens syste~, its beam wic1ens anc1 for this reason t1~e mirror surface 223 must be relatively large. As compared ~o con-ven.ional image movement systeMs with salv2nometers tJlis is of less significance for the purpose at hanc.. However, the size of the mirror can .be reducen' by the us~ of a telemetric system, the mirror surface 223 of which iS at the o~tical center and -the size of whi.ch only af.~ects the opening of the system, and hence the brigh.tness. 7-Here, the mirror surface 2~3 plays the part of a cent.ral aperture.
The salvanometer 45 can be controlled b~ a l~nown trigger circuit 47, which using a voltage r?mp ~. controls t,he slo~ forwar~. motion of the nirror, the im.a.ge .'eing pro-jected relatively slowly to all parts of the screen 31~.
At the end of its ansular movement the mirror t,hen receives a fast swing-back pulse 49, followed by a bra]c-ing pulse 50 to break the swing-~'ack movement. This com-posite pulse is supplie~ in known manner by the circuit 47, and for presentation of the image to !~e c1isplayed can be projectecl along the entire length of the screen 318.
The image frequencies thereby achievab1 2 are relatively high, because galvanometers have little mass an~ movement of the m.irror surface 223 ca.n he ra~i~1ly rever.s~d.
However, the fast swing-'~ack movement i3 not absolute.ly necessary, instead it is quite pos.sihle for L!~e mi.rror surface 223 tp project t.he im?.,ge ont,o t,he screen 31Q
~hile pendulating to an~ fro at a re,lati.vely ,low spee~.
In this case t~e rotation s~eer~ shoul.~.he high enough to ensure t~at fro~ every o!~server r~osition ''1e i~lye ic seen at lectst ~ tires r~er second. 1', in t'llis cas,e, t'~e ra~if.' s~,lins-~)ac~ movemen', is not reouire-l, the rnirror can ~ave a laraer mass ~n~ he lar~e enoucJ~ to direct the image tkroucJ.h ~l standarr~ projecti,on ~.ens sys'er~ ~o t'ae screen 31~, in whic~ case the second part ~ of t~.e tele-centric system can a.lso be omittec1. For this purpose the galvonometer ~5 can be connectec' to a f urther C' rC-lit 51, ~hich generates an ascendina and a descenr7ing ramp signal .
In the scope of the invention numerous variantC are con-ceivable. For example, in a modification of -'he embodi-ment sho~"n in Fig. 1, a further ~.isp1ay surface with. the same imacJe can also ~e providefl on tke side r'iametrica1ly opposite ~.~e dis?lay surface ~, so t.h2t the speed required to avoid flickering c~,n ~e h?,l'e~. Tf tke .^1is-plcty surface 6 is omitted screen 1~ may providt? t,hF di,-play surfaee in that it carries a diapositive, or merely a mask, illuminated from the rear, w.hic.l1 only dema.rcates the outline of the image to be shown. Alternatively, the screen may be translucent and pos.sihly even colourer1. It is also apparent that only a little space requirecl to set up such a display s1eans since the mast 1 has a low space requirement, so that unused ground or floor space of very small dimensions can be used to set up suc.h ? mast;
similarly, a mast 1 can easily be accommo~'?,ted on shop window shelves because the required su~port surface are?.
is ve.ry small. As is known in the case of. dis~laying pla.cards, the presentation of severa1. displays is more effective in attrackina the a-ttention of passers-!~y, in w.hich case the various displays can constitu,'e mutually complementing information~ Th-e two rlis~lay surfaces can also be provlcJted ',~v self-.i.ll.umin?.t.incJ la~.lps or oth.er ligl~t sources ~rhlch possihly fllcker for tl~'? puroose of attraclcincr attentlo.n.
~2~ 7~
In t~e case o' ~`-e em'ao~i~e~t ill~lstr~.tr- in Fi.~. 2A, the vie~ina scr~en 10~ ~'oes not necess?rily nr~;e~ to '~ tnat of a television monitor. Instead i can ~e e~2e~'ient~
e.g. for pur~oses of ~'emc~stratio~, say on rlreAse~tati to use the vie~.7ina scrern of an oscilloseope monitor, in w.l.lich case t.~.e parts 19 to 26 can possi~ly interact 1/ith various exchangea.~le c1evices or clispla~ surfaces. ~ore-over, instead of deriving a signal fro~ the ca~era 28, the monitor 105 May .be eonnected to a vic,eo recorrler. In this ease, it may also ~e expeclient to provide a synehronization ac'apter 3~ ~hieh contains the vicl.eo synehronization signal of the recorcler..
Even thoug.h the stanrling surface (e.a. on real estat.e property), whieh is usually ex?ensiver~ .for arlvectising purposes, ean ~e extensively limited ~hen usin- a mas, 1, the invention is not limite~. to t'~e use of sUch a mast.
Fig. 5 shows an advertising ob1eet 52 in t'~e Corm of ?
.~ottle, whieh is highly overc1imensioned. In this ease it is advantageous to eorstruet it in severa.1 parts. A
screen ~art 418 of transparent material is therefore mounted on 2 supporting part 201 ~y means of a tongue--anc'-groove connection 53. The sup~orting ~art 2~1 is Curnished insic'e ~1ith a corresponr1ing ~aint eoating 5~.
Alternativelv, the part 201 can eonsist of opaque mate-rial. A eover p2rt 11~ is fastened on the sereen ~art ~1 by m.eans of a threa~. 55. T.he aclvertisina, o:~jeet 52 ean naturally .have any given sha e and is not limiter1 to the forri1 of a hottle. It ean have the .form o:' another type of eontainer or any other o.~jeet.
An annular, trianr3ular-c.eetj.on ~xae'~et is forme~ ins,ir1e the sup?orting part 201 and suLr,r~orts a rlate 57. A
f1anger' moto.r ?12 is eonnee~er' to the ~nC1exs-1e of the plate57 and has ~ sh.~ft ~.0 ~7h.ieh ,r~asses througn a rentral opening 59 ln t.hr p.1ate 57. Tnis motor 212 corresponr~c to 7~
- 1 ,,-the rloto~ 1;.7 an~ 1. anc' the ~oLor 11~ s~nc)~n ir ,i~. 1 anr7 A light source in t~e for~7. of cl :f1uore.c,ce77.t ~7ar7p 1~1, t're mountinc; of ^~hic1.~ is not .s1~o~^7n is ~osi~ione.~l a,7~ove ~l~e plate 57. A turnin~ loc]c 61 is fastened to ~77e 7~lp7?er en~
of the shaft 6~, as is !~no~:7n on motion-picture r7roject-ors. This turning loclc ~1 has a trans7arent sector 6.2 ~i~hich consists of c7.n 072ening, 70ut can ccnsist ol a glass 7.?late to More evenly distri.7~ute tlQe weight of th2 turninc loc.7~ 61. 7.~7hile the fluorescent lamp 1A1 anc the mirror 1aO are statlonary, lights from the fluorescent lam? 1a1 is supplied via the transparent sector 62 t.o -t7~e re-Slect-ive surSace 323 of a mirro.r located beh~nc' it on the late of the turning lock ~71. As ~ith th.e mirror surface .223 sh.own in Fig. a, tne mirror sur:face 323 ca.n he of substantially slnaller sides, espeeially if lt ls ?oss1!~le to make it ~7a.rt of a telecentric system, the focal poirt or the m7irror 1~0 lying on the reflective surface 323 of the .~irror.
The mirror surface 323 which is eonca.ve, transmits lla7lt received from the fluorescent lamp 1~1 through a .~.7emher provid.inc7 a c7isplay sur ace 306, saicl me~.loer ~e~ins trans-parent a.nd hearing an image, such as the trade na~e of a procluct, wllich is radiater' a~ll sicles simultane~ously c'ue to the rapl~. rotatlon of the motor slnaft 6~. T1ere agaln, the lamellae grid 15 is provldecl..for J!~asklng racliation of the ima~e except along radi2l axis passing pc~rpen~.lcu1ar-ly through the dlspl2y sur.~ace 30fi, .~ut the screen ~a.rL
~.18 can a~.litlonallv or alternatively he equlppe~ lth an optical system., such as a lens matr1x syste~ 1~ (c.f..
Fia. ~) t;~e displa.y surfa.ce 3~6 an~l the la.me~llae grl~ 15 constitute ~ar-ts of. a su?rL)ort .~ra~e, ~hic1~ vla upper cross~eam 63 supports tl~e mlrro.r ancl ccverlng ~c~.lls - l 9 -which, on the one hand, have a supportiny ef~ect, anc~, on the ot~er hand, blocJc any stray light to the sicles.
For moving-picture projectors the use of two-blade, three-b]ade and fourd-blacle locks is known. If the turn-ing lock 61 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is replaced by a three-blade lock, the display means can be of hexa-gonal form so that opposing, parallel sides are forme~l on the one hand by three mirrors, and on the other hand by three display surfaces 306, the axis of the three pairs of display surfaees and mirrors thus formed standing at an angle of 120 degrees to one another. In this case the motor 212 may be a 'ow-speed motor, i.e. it need only be one third as fast as required for the embodiment shown in Fig. 5. However, since low-speed motors are more expens-ive, and the provision of all parts in triplicate incurs additional costs in any case, the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 is preferred.
However, if desired, the optieal configuration of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 can be changed, possibly by arranging the table 56 and all parts thereupon somewhat lower, to provide a display surface 306 whieh rotates with the lock 61 and is attached to the transparent seetor of the loek 61 so that the display surfaee 306 is aeeommodated between the mirror 140 and the mirror sur-face 323. The clisplay surface 306 can also be arranged somewhat outside the plane of the loclc 61, and on the loek 61 in the area of the transparent sector 62 a lens system, especially a wide-angle lens system, can be mountecl on the lock 61 in the area of the transparent sector 62. Further, instead of providing a c'isplay sur-face 306 for displaying an image, it would be conceivable to conneet an advertising object as illustrated in Fig. 5 with a video system 105 (c.f. Fig. 2A) or a projector 42 to supply a changing image, such that the imaae shown on :~Z~61l~7 the screen 418 changes periodically. In this case the video system is expecliently in the form of known eidop~ors.
In the em~ocliment illustrate~ in Fig, 6, the dis2lay surface ~Q6 is the surface of a transparent sli~e A~7 ~hich is mounted vertically on a horizontal circular turntahle 408 anc1 arranged so that the display surface ~06 extends dimetrically across the turnta~le ~0~ and the turntable 408 is mountecl for rotation ahout a vertical axis alignec'. with the display surface ~06. A blacl~
lamellae grid 15 is fitted to the other surf~ce of the transparent slide 407 ancl light source 2~1 is mountecl on the turntable 408 on the same side of the transparent slide ~07 as the lamellae grid 15, P. cylindrical glass screen 518 is mounted on the turntable ~08 and a mirror 423 is fitted to the inside surface of the screen 51~, de surface of the screen 518, around the light source arouncl the light source 2~1. The turntable ~08 is caused to rotate at 3000 r.p.m. ancl light from the light source 2~1 is cdirected through the lamellae grid 15 along an axis which is perpendicular to the clisplay surface ~06 and which moves angularly around the vertical axis. The image formed on the transparent light ~07 is thereby clirected all around the vertical axis and visible to ohservers in all directions.
In the embodiment illustratec'! in Fig-. 7, the d,isplay sur-face 506 is the surface of a vertically arranged picture 507 which is rotatabIe about a vertical central axis which is aligned with the display surface 506. A ~lack lamellae g-rid 15 is fitted LO the display surface 5Q6 and the display surface 505 is illuminatecl by ~eans of two circular fluorescent tubes 3~1 mountecl respectively above and below the picture 507 within cylindrical housings 5ng. The picture 507 is carriec,. by two semi-ciccular 7~
suppo-ts 508 and rotate~. as 3000 revolutions per ~inute so that light from the fluorescerlt tubes 3a1 is reflected fro~ the c1isplay surface 506 so as to project t~e image sho~n on the display surace 506 along an axis ~:rhich is perpendicular to the display surface 5~6 an~ w11ich iS
angularly movahle about the vertical central axis.
In the emhodiment illustrated in Fig. ~, an enrless ~an~
610 of transparencies 611 is trained aroun~ four rollers 612, one of which, can be driven to position the transpa-rencies 611 successively over an aperture 615 in mas',cing means 616 ancl between a light source ~1a, anc~. a mirror 607 havins a reflective display surface 606 inclined at 45 degrees to a transparency 611 allgned with the aperture 615. The apparatus is mounted for rotation at 3000 revo-lution per minute about a vertical axis through the centre of the aperture 415 and a black lamellae grid 15 is fitted to the underside of the mirror so that lioht from .he light source 414 passes through the transparency 611 aligned with the aperture 615 to form an image which.
is reflected by the mirror 607 along an angularly movable horizontal axis. To change the image transmitted by the apparatus, it is merely necessary to drive the endless hand 61 n Or transparencies 611 around the rollers 61~
until a new transparency 611 is aligned with the aperture 615 in the masking means 616. In a mo~ificati.on of this appar2tus, the image reflected l~f the ~.irror 607 is shown on a cathode ray tube or television monitor instea~ of on a transparenc~f. A further mo1.ifiaction could consist in that, instead of an en~.11ess band 61n, a normal film is unwoun~ from a supply reel t,o a take up reel.
However, in this case, the display surface consists of a series of specially photographed views of an object which cooperates with the lenses to provide a three-dimensional view of the object. The display surface does not move so as to direct an image along an angularly movable axis as required by the present invention and the aperture means are designe~ to expose the same aAjacent portions of the display surface along widely divergent axis.
US Patent Specification No. 4 158 a87 discloses similar display means comprising a cylindrical display surface, a rotatable light source directed radially through the dis-play surface, and a concave mirror for reflecting light from adjacent portions of the display surface. Although the rotatable light source directs different parts of the image along an angularly movable axis, the image does not move and the light reflected from the concave mirror is not prevented from being transmitted at an angle to the movable axis.
US Patent Specification No. 3 463 581 discloses display means in which a cylindrical display surface can be moved so as to direct an image displayed on the display surface along an angularly movable axis and in which aperture means are provided for simultaneously exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions. ~lowever, these apert-ure means do not prevent light from being transmitted from said adj2cent portions of the display surface along wi~ely divergent axis.
~Z~ '7~
US Patent Specification Mo. 3 324 76n ~iscloses display means in whi.ch a ~.isplay suxfa.ce, in the form of a rotat-able mirror, protects an image along an angularly ~ova~le axis and aperture means rotatable with the display sur-face are provided for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each po-sition of the movable axis, correspon~ with respective adjacent portions. 'lowever, the apparatus is designed to display three-dimensional images in which the lines Oc sight from the two eyes of an observex emanate from dif-ferent portions of the display surface. To obtain this effect, it is necessary to ensure that the aperture means consist of only one viewing slot and this reduces the light reflected from the display surface.
Known forms of display means which to some extent over-come these difficulties and deficiencies comprise a dis-play surface for displaying an illuminated image which is to be directed along an angularly mova~le axis; image movement means for moving the display surface so as to swing the angularly mova.ble axis about a rotational axis;
and aperture means for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each po-sition of the movahle axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions.
In one such known form of display mea.ns disclosed in Ger-man .Published .Patent .Specifiaction .~lo. 1 1~3 5~6, t~e display surface extends across the d~ametral plane of a cylindrical drum and is rotated at high speed with the drum. The aperture means com.prise an elonqate slot in the drum which extends parallel to the rotational axis of the drum so that, during a portion of each revolution of t~e drum, regardless of the ~.irections in wh.ich an observer views the dis~lay means, the s].ot scans the widtll of the display surface at least ~.~8 times a second. ~s a result of the pe~sistence of vision, the display surface appear~ to be stationary.
United Kingdom Paten-t Specification Mumber 299,788 discloses a similar apparatus in which the display surace is not mounted on a diametral plane within the drum, bu-t instead, is mounted so as to provide an arcua-te surface surrounding the slot in the drum. This provides a less distorted view of the display sur-face. However, in both cases, effectiveness of this apparatus is limited because the display surface is viewed through a single slot and this limits the amount of light transmitted from the apparatus and thus the visibility of the display surface.
It is an objec-t of a broad aspect of the present invention to provide display means in which the hereinbefore-mentioned disadvantages are at least partly avoided and in which the image is always directed at a fixed angle to the display surface.
This task, which appears to be almost impossible, is achiev-ed in a surprising manner by providing aperture means which comprise optical bundling means which simultaneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the display surface along the movable axis and, at the same time, prevent light from being transmitted from the display surface at an angle to such movable axis.
Thus, according to one broad aspect of this invention, display means is provided for directing an image along an an-gularly movable axis, comprising: a display surface arranged in a plane for displaying an image; light source means for emitting light along an optical path comprising the optical axis for illuminating the display surEace; image movemen-t means for mo~ing ~26~
the display surface so as to swing the angularly movable axis about a rotational axi~; and aperture means for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sigh-t which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions; the aperture means comprising optical bundling means which s,imultaneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the displayed image along the movable axis and, at the same time, preven-t light from being transmitted from the adjacent portions of ~he displayed image at an angle to the movable axis, while light reflecting means are provided for deviating the optical path of light emitted by the ligh-t source means, the display device further compri~ing a screen being transparent for transmitting the image which surrounds the moving image.
The image movement means preferably are operable so that the image is directed repeatedly in at least one direction at least 48 times a second. The image movement means preferably comprises an electric motor having at least one of the following charac-teristics: (a) it is a squirrel-cage motor; (b) it is a synchron-ous motor; (c) its rotor is equipped with permanent magnets; ~d) it is a stepper motor; and/or (e) it is an external rotor mo-tor.
The optical bundling means preferably comprise an optical matrix on the transparent screen. The optical bundling means may further comprise a lamellae grid located adjacent the display surface whereby each lamella is in a plane which severs the plane of the light reflecting means at an angle oP 90 degrees. The display means can also include two diPferent optical bundling means. The light source preferably is provided for illumination a 7 ~
of the display surface passing -through a transparen-t display surface. The image may be provided by a cathode ray tube monitor having a viewing screen.
In one variant, a variable-image tran~mitter in the form of a movable video camera i~ provided for transmi-tting differen-t images to the display surface, and an image synchronizing device is provided for synchronizing movemen-t of the image movement means with movement of the camera.
The display surface may be the reflective surface of a mirror, and the image movement means~comprise means for moving the display surface about the rotational axis.
The light reflecting means may comprise at least one of the following characteristics: ~a) a rotating mirror, and ~b~ it lS deflects the optical path by 90 degrees.
As a result of the display means of aspects of the present invention, light is simultaneously transmitted from substantially the entire display surface. The display surface is thus much clearer to an observer than the display surfaces of known display ~0 means. Moreover, light ~rom the display surface is transmit-ted along an angularly movable axis which is always at a fixed angle to the display surface which is preferably 90 degrees so that the movable axis extends radially from the rotational axis about which the movable axis is angularly movable. It is to be under-stood that light is also transmitted from different portions of the display surface along or parallel to the movable axis, the natural spread or dispersion of light enables the different portions of the display surface to be viewed by an observer instantaneously-positioned on the movable axis along lines of ~A
_ 7 _ sight which diverge slightly from the movable ~xis. Sirnilarly, as a result of this spread or dispersi~rl of light, ~he iMage displayed on the display surface will appear to rnove slightly in the direction of angular movement of the movable ~xis. ~owever, depending on the dimensions of the optical bundling means forming the aperture mean~, this movement may be almos-t, if no-t wholly, imperceptible.
The display system may be enclosed by a transparent screen which possibly can also support the optical bundling means, as is known of transmitted light screen in the most diverse embodi-ments. --In a preferred embodiment of the invention the image move-ment means exhibit such a speed that the image can be aimed lS repeatedly in at least one direction, preferably in all direc-tions along a circle, at least 48 times a second. However, this is by no means essential to the invention. The optical bundling means always direct the image of the display surface along the angularly movable axis and so, if the frequency of the images ~0 projected in a certain direction is 48 images per second, this gives the impression of a continuous and stable image, since as is known this frequency represents the flicker fusion threshold for the human eye. However, for advertising purposes, a certain flicker effec-t can be quite desirable for attracting attention.
In addition, even with low fxeq-uencies, stabilisation of the image can be achieved by constructing the screen as a storage screen, such as a fluorescent ~creen, as is often used for oscilloscopes. It is noted, however, that the image frequency of 48 imàges per second i~ not an essential feature and that the - 7a -display means need not be provided wi-th a storage screen for stabili2ing -the image.
It is the very configura-tion of the ~ystem as a transmitted light system which makes it desirable for the display ~urface to be provided with at least one light source for illumination of the image.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a cross-section view of a first embodiment, Figures 2A and 2B are schematic representations of two variants of a second embodiment; . .
Figure 3 is a-side elevation of a third embodiment, partly in section;
Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a forth embodi-ment;
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a fifth embodiment ofthe invention in the form of an advertising object;
Figures 6 and 7 are perspective views of two further embodi- -ments which are simi.lar to each other;
and Figure 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention for displaying a limited number of different images.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, an axle mounting 2 is screwed onto a mast 1 with a thread 3. The axle moun-ting 2 has a hollow central portion for and a housing 5 for accepting electronic circuits 8 (shown in dashed outline, together wi-th a display surface 6 are mounted rotatably on the central body 4 by means of rolling bearings 7. The display surface 6 can be an LC~
array, but it is preferably of the self-illuminating type, such ~6~7 - 7b -as an LED array with luminous tubes, filament lamp~ or the like.
I~ is naturally just as possible to provide the ends of light conductors, e.g. in a matrix, to use light-conducting plates, or also electrochromatic means. The energizing means required for self-illuminating display arrays are accommoda-ted in housing 5, which can possibly also accorlmo~ate a hatter~ o/ever, a?art frol~ relati~e-ly smal] mercury ~atterles, SllC'Q power sources hav~ a re-latively high weig~t which, ~iurir1g rotation aroun~ tne central ~ortion ~, results in un~1esire-1 centriFugal for-ces an~ possi~ly to out-of-bcllance forces, whic?- require additional ~alancing measures.
It is tl1erefore preferre~ for the power for t~e electro-nic circuit 3 to be supplied from outsic?e via sliprings 9 with sliding contacts 1~ Current is supplier1 to saia sliprings 9 from a cahle tree 11 passing throug',1 tlle ~?ast 1, from which the stator windings 12 are an external rotor e]ectric motor 12 and 13 also receive exitation energy. The poles 13 of the rotor consists preferably of permanent magnets in or~ler that they at least nee~ not have a separate power su??ply. ~s shown, the ro-tor poles 13 are fastened directly to the housing 5, by means of a joining ring 14 or hy glueing. It is noted, however, that in such a configuration the motor 12 and 1 3 shoulc?.
preferably be a slow-speed motor, which in general involves higher manufacturing costs. T~owever, a reduction gear is thereby omitte~, and the spatial requirement is also minimal.
If the clisplay surface 6, e.g. the display array of a ~igital cloclc, where rotatec. around the ho]low central body 4, information displayec' thereupon would become un-reaclable because of its fast movement. Z~owever, an opti-cal bundling system is arranged in front of the c1isplay surface 5 which permits viewing only along an axis which is substantially perpenticular to the display surface h (even so viewing a~is at other angles woulc? also he ~oss-ible, but less expe~ient). [n the simplest c2se, th~is optical hunf?ling system consists of a series of louver-li!ce lamellae in t~e form of a lamellae grid 1~ like a louver blind directly in front of the display surface X, ;6~l7~7 n some o~ t~e lamellae in F:ig. 1 ~eing ~arti21:ly cut away for the purpose of showin~ the other la~el:lae ~-e~.ind them as ~ell. ~y mealls of this lamellae gricl 15, a kin~ of strohosco~ic ef fect is o~tained cluring the rotation of the housing 5, i.e. since the image clis~layed by t~e dis-plav surface S is only visa~le to a viewer at a certain point and in rapid repetition, it appears as as series of stationary exposures. T-.owever, every viewer has this im-pression, regardless of his angular ~isposition relativ to the display means.
In order to protect the rotating parts, a trarlsparent screen, consisting for example of plexiglass, is he].d .between a cover 1~ screwed onto the .h~ollow central por-tion a of the axle mounting 2 and a flange 17 of the axle mounting ~. In the em.boc~iment shown in Eig. 1, this screen 5~ is of semi-toroidal shape. If desirecl, the in-side of the screen 13 can he coate~ with a fluorescent suhstance in order to obtain a certain afterglow effect, t.hereby countering flickering in the event that the speed of rotation Orc the display array should be less than 48 rotations per second. ~owever, the rotation can easily be adjusted to any given speed if t.he motor used is a synchronous motor, or even a stepper motor which is prefera.bly operated continuously. However, other motors such as asynchronous motors can also he userl~
T~e screen 58 may serve as protection against access to the rotating parts and hence as protection agairlst in-jury; a further function is to project against dust anr~
contamination and, in th.e case of display means installed outdoors, also against the effects of t'~e weather it can also ~e the carrier of an image storage substance SUCh as fluorescent material.
~2~ 7 - I o-To improve ~he clirectional ef:fect even F~r~.er the screen 1~ or the screen 5~ ~ay be provic1eA wit~ an optical bund-ling system si~ilar to the lenticl~:Lar matrix 19 ~rovide;l on screen 11R, as Sh.O~`/Il in Fi.g. 2~. ~ screen such ~.s this can be ?rovi~ed in view of or in ac1dition to the larnell~e grid 15. If t~is screen 53 is modified in tnis ~ay, it not only provides protection against contamination hy dust, but also contributes to the directional effect by incorporating its own o~tical bunc1ling system. O~tical .bundling system such as this, ~or transmitted lig~t pro-jection are known and consist of Fresnel lenses, lenticu-lar matrices (pre~erre~) or o~tical fihers. In optical fiber syste~s, the length of th.e optical fi.bers corresponds to the thickness of the screen, the side sur-faces of the fibers are joined together, e.g. by glueincr, and the end surfaces of the i.~ers form the screen sur-faces. Less effective mo~1.ifications are prism or grain matrices (in the case of frosted glass screens).
In the emhodiment illustrated in Fig. 2A, the dis?lay surface consists of the reflective surface 23 of a mirror which reflects the screen 106 of a television set 105.
The television set 105 can, say for advertising ~urposes, also be connected to a still ~ictuxe video recorder, in which case the sereen 105 is rotated arounc1 a vertieal axis synchroneously with the mirror. ~otation o~ t;le television set 105 natura].ly involves ~roblems. ~owever, it is hy no means necessary for the device itself to rotate in that the ~icture shown on the scxeen 106 can be rotatecl electronically. ~s shown schematically in Fig.
2A, an ohjective lens system ~n is arrangec1 in front of the screen 1~5. Th.is objective lens system 20 ~las a relatively short focal lengt.h. and so it constitutes a wide-angle system for t~e ~u.r~ose of savlncr s?ace. T~e objective .lens system 20 has a tuhe ~ody 21 which is mounte~ in a manner not shown so as to he non-rota ah1e !~ut a~ially adjusta~le so that t~le ir~age can be focussed.
~Such an adjusting neans is not shown, and corlstitutes prior art techno:Logy. T~ie opticcil system may coMprise a prism for Maintaining the irnage i.n upri.g'l' con~ition, though the mirror 23 is rotate.r1. ~uc; a prism (not shown) may .be formed by a Dove-prism ~"hich has to ;~e connected to the drive in an appropriate manner to rotate around the optical axis.
A cylinder 22 is rotatably mounted on the tube '~o~1y 21 and, on its upper end, carries the mirror with the reflective surface 23. ~ight from the picture on t.he screen is transmitted through the o~j ective lens system 20 and is projected .~y the mirror surface 23 through a.
screen 11~ which is suP.~orted hy a housing 24 (only ?art of whic.h is shown). The rnirror is driven via a gearwheel 25 fastened to the rotatable tu.be 22, said gearwheel in turn meshing with a gearwheel 2~ of a motor 112. The gearwheels 25 and 2~ constitute a reduction gearing which, if required, can also consist of more than two gearwheels. If desired the drive can also be a ~elt drive, e.g. with toothed belts or the like.
The screen 1 18 is cvlindrical, and on its inside is furnished with the already rrientioned lenticular matrix 1~. As such, it wou.ld also !~e possihle to apply such a matrix to tlhe outside of the screen 11 S , .but tlle danger of contamination becornes greater and cleaning more i f f i cu lt .
In Fig. 2A, a special type of applicati.on i.s i.l.l ustrate.r1 .
Tlere, the television set 1()5 is equi~per1 with an antenna 27 whic.h .receives signals from a television camera 2~ via its antenna 29. T.he televis7.on camera 2~ is mounted on a rotary tripod 30, th.e turntahl e :~1 of whicll can ~>e ~1rivean with the aid of a ~.otor 32, so t!~at the camera 2~ rota~es aroun~1. a vertical axis 33. During the rotation of the camera 2~ it scans t~e sllrrounding panor~.rr,a throug~ 3hn cd2grees an~ tiansmits corresponr3ing vi~1eo signals via it antenna 29 to the te.levlsion set 1~5, ~"here it is receivec1 via the antenna 27. In this way the scener successively scanne.~ are repro~uce~1 on the screen 1Q6 in the same sequence.
If the mirror surface 23 rotates at the sa.ne speed as the turntable 31 of the tripod 30, the scenes scanned in succession ~y the camera 2~ would ~e projectecl. next to one another through the screen 11~. T1owever, this does not suffice if each successive scene in the entire panaroma is to be presen-ted to several viewers at the same time~ In order to make the same image simultaneously visi~le to viewers all axoun.r~ the screen 11~, the ~,irror surface 23 must rotate at many times the s~ee~1 of the rotary table 31. ~ synchronization adapter 34 connecting the two motors 32, 112, is providecl for synchronizins rotation of the mirror with rotation of the turntahle 31.
The synchronization adapter can be adjusted to provide the synchronization, for effects, if this is desired.
Fig. 2~ illustrates a moc'ification of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2A whereby another effect ressembling holography can ~e achievec1. To produce a view of a statue 36 with 2 three-dimensional effect, a camera 128 can be moved along a path around an axis 133 throucJll the st~.tue 36. The path can he formec1 ~y an annular xail 37 surrounding the axis 133. The rail 37 is expediently fitted with st2toc poles 38 of a linear motor, ~"hile the camera 12~, at al1 times aimec1 at the axis 133, can be moved along the rail 37 on a slide 39 carrying the rotor pole.~. In this c~se, tl~le synchroni2ation si~na1s for the motor 112 are either transmitte~ ~y means of a special freqllency ~an~. via an antenna 129 of the camera 12~, or the vi'eo synchroniza'-7~
ion sicjnals are simultaneouslv use~1 to control ~,~e ~ove-ment of '~ot1l the mrtor 3~ an~' 39 anr' the ~otor 112.
~eyond the mere novelty effect of sl~c~ an a.rrange~ent, it can a.lso ~e of practical signj..ficance. .7-~s iS kno~n, the presentation of j2welry for pur2oses of selling consti-tutes a considerab.le risk for the traveller. Conversely, if a jewelry piece to he presentecl is moun~ed on the axis 133 and p.hotographe~. with the camera 12~, vie~Js of this jewelry ~iece ta]cen from all sides can he transmittec~
from a secure location.
Fig. 3 illustrates apparatus similar .o the e~hodiment illustratecl in Fig. 1 in that a screen 21~, the function of which corres~oncls to the function of screen 1n in ~ig.
1 is also rotatable a~out a central axis. In. this case a rotor ~ousing 102 is rotat,a.~ly mounted on a ho.llow stan~
101 corresponding to the mast 1 in Fig. 1, said housing 102 being solidly connected with a screen housinc 117.
The rotor housing 102 can ~e rlriven in an anal ogous manner as axle mounting 2 of the em~odiment shor,ln in Fis.
1, it .~eing possible for a squirrel-cage motor to be ~rovided insicle the housing 102 in a si~ilar manner to that shown in Fig. 1. Insi~e of the housing 117 a mirror .having a reflective surface 123 is ~rovide~ for reflect-ing light from a lig~t source 41 onto ancl through a dis-~lay surface 205.
The screen housing 117 accommorlates ~. screen 21 Q, t~e cross section of which is shown at the left in Fig. 3. In this case, the display surfaee 2n~ is the surf2c2 of ~
transparent sheet or mas1c which allows ligh.t to pass only at pree.1etermine~. ~oints. T1~e .1ig,h1, se~1rce a.1 i.s a pro-jection la~p ~.i.t,er,1 w.1th a eoneave ~i.rror 4n inslrle the hol10~`7 sta.nd 1 n1 . In t.~ em1~o~.men'~, 1,-,ght p~sses through a h,undlinc,~ system .formed. ~y a lame,1.lae r,-r-~, 15 ~26~7~
?rovirle~ on t'-.e i~if1e o~ t~r. transr~re~t s'~ret or r1as'c ~earing the ~.is~lay sur.face 2n5 (c.f. ~ig. 1) ~.1Ong ~.n ancul2rly ~ova~lr~ axis ~ ich is ter-~enr1iclllar 'o ,~e r~ j C_ ~lay su.face 206, so that the i-r!ae on the ~1ls l~y sur-face 20~ c~n only be seen hrightly when lt is ap?ro~i-mately per~enrlicular to a viewing axis of a viel"er 2.n~.
this viewing axis is aligned with t~.e angularly Movr~le axis. However, if the housing 117 is rotate~. ~ast enoua~, the image is visable all arounr1. the housinc, 117 2t all ti~es.
I~!ith t.his emboc'i.rn.ent the lamel1ae grir'. 15 coul~, if desirer~, also be provic1ecl on the outsicle of t.'re screen 21~, howevrr, for safety reasons anrl ~ue to the xis'~ of dust contamination this is inapprop.-fiate.
As shown in Fia. 4, th~f' inV?ntion iS not limi er~ to apparatus provi~lng a display which. exten~.s througl1 3~0 ~egrees. Thus, as shown, an arc-shapr-~c1 screen 31~. can also ~e provided. Th.~s screen 318 is fittec1 on lts rear side with a lamellae grir.' 15. P. slide projector 42 projects an image from a c1iapositive insic'e said project-or via a lens system 43 to a display surfaee provi~.ec~ y the reflective surface 223 of a mirror of a galvanom.fter 45. The slide projeetor is inserterl into a housj.ng (not shown) supporting the sereen 318. The lens systern 43 is not one oi the usual projection system, but only a part of a telecentric system, the other ~art ~ of which ls schematically illustratec1 merely as a lens.
In this em~or'.i.ment, the movinfr coil an.f1. associate~l parts of the ga1vanometer f..5 serve as the im~ge movem.ent means which carry the rela~iv~ely small anf hence lo~ ass mlrror 223 on its ?.~XiS of. rotation ~6 in a si.ml]ar ~ay, as is known for othef purpr.)ses :fro~ r~-Dat-en~ n~
The axis ~.6 is expe.rl.jently locater1 in the center of the scre~?n ~1~. Conseq~entl~, ~ke in -.~'e i5 ?rojec~e~' out of the projector 42 onto the mirror surface 223, and from there t~rou~h the seconc~ part ~ of the ~rojectiorl .s~,~ste to the screen 31~. In a moc'ifiecl e~r~o~ ent, tl~-e telecen-tric o~tical svstem ~.3 an~ . is reolaced b~ a stan~.?.rc' ~rojection lens system. As is norma1 with such a lens syste~, its beam wic1ens anc1 for this reason t1~e mirror surface 223 must be relatively large. As compared ~o con-ven.ional image movement systeMs with salv2nometers tJlis is of less significance for the purpose at hanc.. However, the size of the mirror can .be reducen' by the us~ of a telemetric system, the mirror surface 223 of which iS at the o~tical center and -the size of whi.ch only af.~ects the opening of the system, and hence the brigh.tness. 7-Here, the mirror surface 2~3 plays the part of a cent.ral aperture.
The salvanometer 45 can be controlled b~ a l~nown trigger circuit 47, which using a voltage r?mp ~. controls t,he slo~ forwar~. motion of the nirror, the im.a.ge .'eing pro-jected relatively slowly to all parts of the screen 31~.
At the end of its ansular movement the mirror t,hen receives a fast swing-back pulse 49, followed by a bra]c-ing pulse 50 to break the swing-~'ack movement. This com-posite pulse is supplie~ in known manner by the circuit 47, and for presentation of the image to !~e c1isplayed can be projectecl along the entire length of the screen 318.
The image frequencies thereby achievab1 2 are relatively high, because galvanometers have little mass an~ movement of the m.irror surface 223 ca.n he ra~i~1ly rever.s~d.
However, the fast swing-'~ack movement i3 not absolute.ly necessary, instead it is quite pos.sihle for L!~e mi.rror surface 223 tp project t.he im?.,ge ont,o t,he screen 31Q
~hile pendulating to an~ fro at a re,lati.vely ,low spee~.
In this case t~e rotation s~eer~ shoul.~.he high enough to ensure t~at fro~ every o!~server r~osition ''1e i~lye ic seen at lectst ~ tires r~er second. 1', in t'llis cas,e, t'~e ra~if.' s~,lins-~)ac~ movemen', is not reouire-l, the rnirror can ~ave a laraer mass ~n~ he lar~e enoucJ~ to direct the image tkroucJ.h ~l standarr~ projecti,on ~.ens sys'er~ ~o t'ae screen 31~, in whic~ case the second part ~ of t~.e tele-centric system can a.lso be omittec1. For this purpose the galvonometer ~5 can be connectec' to a f urther C' rC-lit 51, ~hich generates an ascendina and a descenr7ing ramp signal .
In the scope of the invention numerous variantC are con-ceivable. For example, in a modification of -'he embodi-ment sho~"n in Fig. 1, a further ~.isp1ay surface with. the same imacJe can also ~e providefl on tke side r'iametrica1ly opposite ~.~e dis?lay surface ~, so t.h2t the speed required to avoid flickering c~,n ~e h?,l'e~. Tf tke .^1is-plcty surface 6 is omitted screen 1~ may providt? t,hF di,-play surfaee in that it carries a diapositive, or merely a mask, illuminated from the rear, w.hic.l1 only dema.rcates the outline of the image to be shown. Alternatively, the screen may be translucent and pos.sihly even colourer1. It is also apparent that only a little space requirecl to set up such a display s1eans since the mast 1 has a low space requirement, so that unused ground or floor space of very small dimensions can be used to set up suc.h ? mast;
similarly, a mast 1 can easily be accommo~'?,ted on shop window shelves because the required su~port surface are?.
is ve.ry small. As is known in the case of. dis~laying pla.cards, the presentation of severa1. displays is more effective in attrackina the a-ttention of passers-!~y, in w.hich case the various displays can constitu,'e mutually complementing information~ Th-e two rlis~lay surfaces can also be provlcJted ',~v self-.i.ll.umin?.t.incJ la~.lps or oth.er ligl~t sources ~rhlch possihly fllcker for tl~'? puroose of attraclcincr attentlo.n.
~2~ 7~
In t~e case o' ~`-e em'ao~i~e~t ill~lstr~.tr- in Fi.~. 2A, the vie~ina scr~en 10~ ~'oes not necess?rily nr~;e~ to '~ tnat of a television monitor. Instead i can ~e e~2e~'ient~
e.g. for pur~oses of ~'emc~stratio~, say on rlreAse~tati to use the vie~.7ina scrern of an oscilloseope monitor, in w.l.lich case t.~.e parts 19 to 26 can possi~ly interact 1/ith various exchangea.~le c1evices or clispla~ surfaces. ~ore-over, instead of deriving a signal fro~ the ca~era 28, the monitor 105 May .be eonnected to a vic,eo recorrler. In this ease, it may also ~e expeclient to provide a synehronization ac'apter 3~ ~hieh contains the vicl.eo synehronization signal of the recorcler..
Even thoug.h the stanrling surface (e.a. on real estat.e property), whieh is usually ex?ensiver~ .for arlvectising purposes, ean ~e extensively limited ~hen usin- a mas, 1, the invention is not limite~. to t'~e use of sUch a mast.
Fig. 5 shows an advertising ob1eet 52 in t'~e Corm of ?
.~ottle, whieh is highly overc1imensioned. In this ease it is advantageous to eorstruet it in severa.1 parts. A
screen ~art 418 of transparent material is therefore mounted on 2 supporting part 201 ~y means of a tongue--anc'-groove connection 53. The sup~orting ~art 2~1 is Curnished insic'e ~1ith a corresponr1ing ~aint eoating 5~.
Alternativelv, the part 201 can eonsist of opaque mate-rial. A eover p2rt 11~ is fastened on the sereen ~art ~1 by m.eans of a threa~. 55. T.he aclvertisina, o:~jeet 52 ean naturally .have any given sha e and is not limiter1 to the forri1 of a hottle. It ean have the .form o:' another type of eontainer or any other o.~jeet.
An annular, trianr3ular-c.eetj.on ~xae'~et is forme~ ins,ir1e the sup?orting part 201 and suLr,r~orts a rlate 57. A
f1anger' moto.r ?12 is eonnee~er' to the ~nC1exs-1e of the plate57 and has ~ sh.~ft ~.0 ~7h.ieh ,r~asses througn a rentral opening 59 ln t.hr p.1ate 57. Tnis motor 212 corresponr~c to 7~
- 1 ,,-the rloto~ 1;.7 an~ 1. anc' the ~oLor 11~ s~nc)~n ir ,i~. 1 anr7 A light source in t~e for~7. of cl :f1uore.c,ce77.t ~7ar7p 1~1, t're mountinc; of ^~hic1.~ is not .s1~o~^7n is ~osi~ione.~l a,7~ove ~l~e plate 57. A turnin~ loc]c 61 is fastened to ~77e 7~lp7?er en~
of the shaft 6~, as is !~no~:7n on motion-picture r7roject-ors. This turning loclc ~1 has a trans7arent sector 6.2 ~i~hich consists of c7.n 072ening, 70ut can ccnsist ol a glass 7.?late to More evenly distri.7~ute tlQe weight of th2 turninc loc.7~ 61. 7.~7hile the fluorescent lamp 1A1 anc the mirror 1aO are statlonary, lights from the fluorescent lam? 1a1 is supplied via the transparent sector 62 t.o -t7~e re-Slect-ive surSace 323 of a mirro.r located beh~nc' it on the late of the turning lock ~71. As ~ith th.e mirror surface .223 sh.own in Fig. a, tne mirror sur:face 323 ca.n he of substantially slnaller sides, espeeially if lt ls ?oss1!~le to make it ~7a.rt of a telecentric system, the focal poirt or the m7irror 1~0 lying on the reflective surface 323 of the .~irror.
The mirror surface 323 which is eonca.ve, transmits lla7lt received from the fluorescent lamp 1~1 through a .~.7emher provid.inc7 a c7isplay sur ace 306, saicl me~.loer ~e~ins trans-parent a.nd hearing an image, such as the trade na~e of a procluct, wllich is radiater' a~ll sicles simultane~ously c'ue to the rapl~. rotatlon of the motor slnaft 6~. T1ere agaln, the lamellae grid 15 is provldecl..for J!~asklng racliation of the ima~e except along radi2l axis passing pc~rpen~.lcu1ar-ly through the dlspl2y sur.~ace 30fi, .~ut the screen ~a.rL
~.18 can a~.litlonallv or alternatively he equlppe~ lth an optical system., such as a lens matr1x syste~ 1~ (c.f..
Fia. ~) t;~e displa.y surfa.ce 3~6 an~l the la.me~llae grl~ 15 constitute ~ar-ts of. a su?rL)ort .~ra~e, ~hic1~ vla upper cross~eam 63 supports tl~e mlrro.r ancl ccverlng ~c~.lls - l 9 -which, on the one hand, have a supportiny ef~ect, anc~, on the ot~er hand, blocJc any stray light to the sicles.
For moving-picture projectors the use of two-blade, three-b]ade and fourd-blacle locks is known. If the turn-ing lock 61 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is replaced by a three-blade lock, the display means can be of hexa-gonal form so that opposing, parallel sides are forme~l on the one hand by three mirrors, and on the other hand by three display surfaces 306, the axis of the three pairs of display surfaees and mirrors thus formed standing at an angle of 120 degrees to one another. In this case the motor 212 may be a 'ow-speed motor, i.e. it need only be one third as fast as required for the embodiment shown in Fig. 5. However, since low-speed motors are more expens-ive, and the provision of all parts in triplicate incurs additional costs in any case, the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 is preferred.
However, if desired, the optieal configuration of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 can be changed, possibly by arranging the table 56 and all parts thereupon somewhat lower, to provide a display surface 306 whieh rotates with the lock 61 and is attached to the transparent seetor of the loek 61 so that the display surfaee 306 is aeeommodated between the mirror 140 and the mirror sur-face 323. The clisplay surface 306 can also be arranged somewhat outside the plane of the loclc 61, and on the loek 61 in the area of the transparent sector 62 a lens system, especially a wide-angle lens system, can be mountecl on the lock 61 in the area of the transparent sector 62. Further, instead of providing a c'isplay sur-face 306 for displaying an image, it would be conceivable to conneet an advertising object as illustrated in Fig. 5 with a video system 105 (c.f. Fig. 2A) or a projector 42 to supply a changing image, such that the imaae shown on :~Z~61l~7 the screen 418 changes periodically. In this case the video system is expecliently in the form of known eidop~ors.
In the em~ocliment illustrate~ in Fig, 6, the dis2lay surface ~Q6 is the surface of a transparent sli~e A~7 ~hich is mounted vertically on a horizontal circular turntahle 408 anc1 arranged so that the display surface ~06 extends dimetrically across the turnta~le ~0~ and the turntable 408 is mountecl for rotation ahout a vertical axis alignec'. with the display surface ~06. A blacl~
lamellae grid 15 is fitted to the other surf~ce of the transparent slide 407 ancl light source 2~1 is mountecl on the turntable 408 on the same side of the transparent slide ~07 as the lamellae grid 15, P. cylindrical glass screen 518 is mounted on the turntable ~08 and a mirror 423 is fitted to the inside surface of the screen 51~, de surface of the screen 518, around the light source arouncl the light source 2~1. The turntable ~08 is caused to rotate at 3000 r.p.m. ancl light from the light source 2~1 is cdirected through the lamellae grid 15 along an axis which is perpendicular to the clisplay surface ~06 and which moves angularly around the vertical axis. The image formed on the transparent light ~07 is thereby clirected all around the vertical axis and visible to ohservers in all directions.
In the embodiment illustratec'! in Fig-. 7, the d,isplay sur-face 506 is the surface of a vertically arranged picture 507 which is rotatabIe about a vertical central axis which is aligned with the display surface 506. A ~lack lamellae g-rid 15 is fitted LO the display surface 5Q6 and the display surface 505 is illuminatecl by ~eans of two circular fluorescent tubes 3~1 mountecl respectively above and below the picture 507 within cylindrical housings 5ng. The picture 507 is carriec,. by two semi-ciccular 7~
suppo-ts 508 and rotate~. as 3000 revolutions per ~inute so that light from the fluorescerlt tubes 3a1 is reflected fro~ the c1isplay surface 506 so as to project t~e image sho~n on the display surace 506 along an axis ~:rhich is perpendicular to the display surface 5~6 an~ w11ich iS
angularly movahle about the vertical central axis.
In the emhodiment illustrated in Fig. ~, an enrless ~an~
610 of transparencies 611 is trained aroun~ four rollers 612, one of which, can be driven to position the transpa-rencies 611 successively over an aperture 615 in mas',cing means 616 ancl between a light source ~1a, anc~. a mirror 607 havins a reflective display surface 606 inclined at 45 degrees to a transparency 611 allgned with the aperture 615. The apparatus is mounted for rotation at 3000 revo-lution per minute about a vertical axis through the centre of the aperture 415 and a black lamellae grid 15 is fitted to the underside of the mirror so that lioht from .he light source 414 passes through the transparency 611 aligned with the aperture 615 to form an image which.
is reflected by the mirror 607 along an angularly movable horizontal axis. To change the image transmitted by the apparatus, it is merely necessary to drive the endless hand 61 n Or transparencies 611 around the rollers 61~
until a new transparency 611 is aligned with the aperture 615 in the masking means 616. In a mo~ificati.on of this appar2tus, the image reflected l~f the ~.irror 607 is shown on a cathode ray tube or television monitor instea~ of on a transparenc~f. A further mo1.ifiaction could consist in that, instead of an en~.11ess band 61n, a normal film is unwoun~ from a supply reel t,o a take up reel.
Claims (16)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A display means, for directing an image along an angularly movable axis; comprising:
a display surface arranged in a plane for displaying an image;
light source means for emitting light along an optical path comprising the optical axis for illuminating the display surface;
image movement means for moving the display surface so as to swing the angularly movable axis about a rotational axis;
and aperture means for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions;
the aperture means comprising optical bundling means which simul-taneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the displayed image along the movable axis and, at the same time, prevent light from being transmitted from said adjacent portions of the displayed image at an angle to said movable axis, while light reflecting means are provided for deviating the optical path of light emitted by the light source means, the display device further comprising a screen being transparent for transmitting the image which surrounds the moving image.
a display surface arranged in a plane for displaying an image;
light source means for emitting light along an optical path comprising the optical axis for illuminating the display surface;
image movement means for moving the display surface so as to swing the angularly movable axis about a rotational axis;
and aperture means for exposing adjacent portions of the display surface along lines of sight which, for each position of the movable axis, correspond with respective adjacent portions;
the aperture means comprising optical bundling means which simul-taneously transmit light from a plurality of adjacent portions of the displayed image along the movable axis and, at the same time, prevent light from being transmitted from said adjacent portions of the displayed image at an angle to said movable axis, while light reflecting means are provided for deviating the optical path of light emitted by the light source means, the display device further comprising a screen being transparent for transmitting the image which surrounds the moving image.
2. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image movement means are operable so that the image is directed repeat-edly in at least one direction at least 48 times a second.
3. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the opti-cal bundling means comprise an optical matrix on the transparent screen.
4. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein a light source is provided for illumination of the display surface pass-ing through a transparent display surface.
5. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image movement means comprise a squirrel-cage electric motor.
6. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image movement means comprise a synchronous electric motor.
7. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image movement means comprises an electric motor whose rotor is equipped with permanent magnets.
8. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image movement means comprise a stepper electric motor.
9. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image movement means comprise an external rotor electric motor.
10. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the optical bundling means comprise a lamellae grid located adjacent the display surface whereby each lamella is in a plane which severs the plane of said light reflecting means at an angle of 90 degrees.
11. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the image is provided by a cathode ray tube monitor having a viewing screen.
12. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein a vari-able-image transmitter in the form of a movable video camera is provided for transmitting different images to the display sur-face, and an image synchronizing device is provided for synchron-izing movement of the image movement means with movement of the camera.
13. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the display surface is the reflective surface of a mirror, and the image movement means comprise means for moving the display surface about the rotational axis.
14. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the light reflecting means is a rotating mirror.
15. A display means according to Claim 1, wherein the light reflecting means is a means which deflects the optical path by 90 degrees.
16. A display means according to Claim 1, comprising two different optical bundling means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2994/85-0 | 1985-07-10 | ||
| CH299485 | 1985-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1266177A true CA1266177A (en) | 1990-02-27 |
Family
ID=4246259
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000513434A Expired - Lifetime CA1266177A (en) | 1985-07-10 | 1986-07-09 | Display means for directing an image along an angularly movable axis |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4760443A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0208283B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6263986A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE46224T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU589853B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1266177A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3665509D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8708511D0 (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1987-05-13 | Urban Leisure Ltd | Decorative display |
| DE8890059U1 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-06-01 | Technolizenz B.V., Den Haag, Nl | |
| CH679530A5 (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1992-02-28 | Technolizenz Ets | |
| CH677156A5 (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1991-04-15 | Technolizenz Ets | |
| DE8811781U1 (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1988-11-03 | Bulus-Jeschke, Altan, 3300 Braunschweig, De | |
| DE9090039U1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1992-03-05 | Technolizenz Establishment, Triesen, Li | |
| GB2246231A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-01-22 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Liquid crystal displays. |
| FR2679362A1 (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-01-22 | Progyr | Image display device |
| US5450094A (en) * | 1991-08-03 | 1995-09-12 | Li; Zhe-An | Omnibearing display method and apparatus |
| JP3817020B2 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 2006-08-30 | ▲舘▼ ▲すすむ▼ | Image generation method and apparatus in virtual space, and imaging apparatus |
| US6072545A (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2000-06-06 | Gribschaw; Franklin C. | Video image rotating apparatus |
| CA2406411A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | C-360, Inc. | Illuminated viewing assembly, viewing system including the illuminated viewing assembly, and method of viewing therefor |
| US6950153B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2005-09-27 | 360 Tv, Inc. | Video image rotating apparatus |
| GB0419071D0 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-09-29 | Mgx Internat Ltd | Display device |
| CN1971675A (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-30 | 光远科技股份有限公司 | Cylindrical display screen |
| USD757010S1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Scanner turntable |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB299788A (en) * | 1927-10-31 | 1929-06-20 | Franciszek Wlodarski | Method or apparatus for rendering displays visible from all sides |
| DE1123626B (en) * | 1956-09-04 | 1962-02-08 | Lichtplastik G M B H & Co | Rotary clock |
| US3324760A (en) * | 1961-06-02 | 1967-06-13 | Robert B Collender | Three dimensional unaided viewing apparatus |
| US3463581A (en) * | 1966-01-17 | 1969-08-26 | Intermountain Res & Eng | System for three-dimensional panoramic static-image motion pictures |
| US3542948A (en) * | 1968-04-17 | 1970-11-24 | Us Navy | Panoramic display system |
| DE2146319B2 (en) * | 1970-10-20 | 1980-12-18 | Hauser, Raimund, Ddr. | Recording or playback device |
| US3976837A (en) * | 1975-03-19 | 1976-08-24 | Paul Wentworth Lang | 360° Viewing system |
| US4158487A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-06-19 | Collender Robert B | Stereoscopic real image scanning reproduction method and apparatus |
| GB2054901A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1981-02-18 | Dierks C H | Three Dimensional Images |
| US4431280A (en) * | 1981-11-24 | 1984-02-14 | Carvelo Lenard B | Planar rotational autostereoscopic display |
| US4499490A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1985-02-12 | Morgan Jack B | Scanning apparatus with video camera |
| JPS60501030A (en) * | 1983-04-07 | 1985-07-04 | マムジウ、アレクサンダ−・ミカエル | rotary optical switch |
| GB2157526B (en) * | 1983-05-16 | 1986-08-28 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Imaging systems |
-
1986
- 1986-07-06 DE DE8686109224T patent/DE3665509D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-06 EP EP86109224A patent/EP0208283B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-06 AT AT86109224T patent/ATE46224T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-09 US US06/883,579 patent/US4760443A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-09 AU AU59882/86A patent/AU589853B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-07-09 CA CA000513434A patent/CA1266177A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-10 JP JP61162897A patent/JPS6263986A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4760443A (en) | 1988-07-26 |
| DE3665509D1 (en) | 1989-10-12 |
| AU589853B2 (en) | 1989-10-19 |
| EP0208283B1 (en) | 1989-09-06 |
| ATE46224T1 (en) | 1989-09-15 |
| EP0208283A1 (en) | 1987-01-14 |
| JPS6263986A (en) | 1987-03-20 |
| AU5988286A (en) | 1987-01-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1266177A (en) | Display means for directing an image along an angularly movable axis | |
| US4943851A (en) | 360 degree viewing system having a liquid crystal display screen encircling a rotatable projection screen | |
| CN100595669C (en) | Two-sided display screen and its three-dimensional display apparatus | |
| US3720147A (en) | Mask for surveillance camera | |
| US20080266523A1 (en) | Display apparatus | |
| US6364490B1 (en) | Virtual image projection device | |
| US20080218854A1 (en) | Stereoscopic display device | |
| US5161054A (en) | Projected volume display system and method | |
| JP2002281527A (en) | Multilayer video display system and display method therefor | |
| US3744882A (en) | Composite lens for an optical communication system providing directly viewed real images | |
| US4319805A (en) | Rotary screen for receiving optical images particularly advertising images | |
| JP3121015B2 (en) | Apparatus for generating three-dimensional imaging | |
| CN111158162B (en) | Super multi-viewpoint three-dimensional display device and system | |
| JP2004279888A (en) | Display device | |
| US5080481A (en) | Screen simulator window | |
| JP2002271820A (en) | Simple three-dimensional display device | |
| CN211979351U (en) | Three-dimensional display device with simple body | |
| JP4063884B2 (en) | Device for displaying moving images on overlapping surfaces | |
| JPH0522754A (en) | Projecting type stereoscopic picture generating device | |
| CN110087056A (en) | A kind of more camera lens electronic devices of double screen | |
| KR100442738B1 (en) | 3-Dimensional Image Display Device Using Radial Projection | |
| KR200178696Y1 (en) | 3d display in space with concave and half mirror | |
| JP2000138951A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| KR100442739B1 (en) | Shutterless 3-Dimensional Image Display Device Using Radial Projection | |
| AU606279B2 (en) | Screen simulator window |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |