CA1280339C - Forming fabric structure to resist rewet of the paper sheet - Google Patents
Forming fabric structure to resist rewet of the paper sheetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1280339C CA1280339C CA000564198A CA564198A CA1280339C CA 1280339 C CA1280339 C CA 1280339C CA 000564198 A CA000564198 A CA 000564198A CA 564198 A CA564198 A CA 564198A CA 1280339 C CA1280339 C CA 1280339C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- yarns
- fabric
- ply
- forming
- plies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/903—Paper forming member, e.g. fourdrinier, sheet forming member
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/3195—Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/3195—Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]
- Y10T442/3203—Multi-planar warp layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/3195—Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]
- Y10T442/3211—Multi-planar weft layers
Abstract
PAPERMACHINE CLOTHING
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Forming fabrics are made in multilayer construction, with a hydrophobic top layer and a hydrophilic base layer or layers. The fabric is advantageous in a forming wire, obviating rewet in a forming paper sheet.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Forming fabrics are made in multilayer construction, with a hydrophobic top layer and a hydrophilic base layer or layers. The fabric is advantageous in a forming wire, obviating rewet in a forming paper sheet.
Description
11 ~136333~
FORMING FABRIC STRUCTURE TO RESIST REWET OF THE PAPER SHEET
BACKGROUND OF THE Ir~ENTION
. . ~
Fiel~ of The Invention The invention relates to forming fabrics used in papermaking machines.
Brief Description of The Prior Art Papermaking machines are well known in the art. The modern papermaking machine is in essence a device for removing water from the paper furnish. The water is removed sequentially in three stages or sections of the machine. In the first or forming section, the furnish is deposited on a moving forming wire and water drained through the wire to leave a paper sheet or web having a solids content of circa 18 to 25 percent by weight. The formed web is carried into a wet press _elt section and passed through one or more nip presses on a moving press felt to remove sufficient water to form a sheet. This sheet ;s 'ransferred to the drver section of the papermaking machine.
On papermaking machines, endless be?ts are employed in the various sections to carry the sheet or web. One form of belt which has been used extensively as a forming wire in the forming section of the papermaking machine is one fabricated from an open, multi-layer weave of synthetic, polymeric resin monofilaments. Such fabrics generally perform well in the forming section although there are certain limitations. For example, in the multi-layered weaves there is a tendency for the dry content of the sheet o$ forming paper to decrease after the last point of vacuum " ~8033~3 application on the machine, just prior to transfer of the sheet to the wet-press section of the machine. This decrease in dry content is termed "rewet". It is theorized that multiple layer forming fabrics carry water within the weave geometry and that as the sheet o~ ormed paper is carried by the fo,rming fabric beyond the last vacuum applicat10n, water migrates back into the carried sheet from the forming fabric.
The rorming fabrics of the invention minimize or eliminate the "rewet" phenomena and are therefore advantageous in promoting overall drying efficiency in the forming section of a papermaking machine.
Summary O r The Invention The invention comprises, in a multi-layered papermachine forming fabric which comprises a top laver for contacting the forming paper sheet and an underlying la~er for supporting th~ top layer, said multi-layers each comprising interwoven warp and weft yarns, the improvement, which comprises said top layer being hydrophobic and said underlying layer being hvdrophilic.
rief Description of th ~
Figure 1 is a partially fragmented schematic perspective view of the improved endless Fourdrinier forming belt fabric sf this invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic transverse or warpwise sectional view through a portion of the improved Fourdrinier fabric taken substantially along line 2-2 in Figure 1.
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Figure 3 is a fragmentary we~twise sectional view taken substantially along line 3-3 in Figure Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary top plan view of a portion of the fabric making up the belt of Figure 1.
Detailed Descriptlon of the Preferred Embodiments of The Invention Those skilled in the art will gain an appreciation of the preferred embodiments of the invention by a reading of the following description in conjunction with a viewing of the accompanying drawings of Figures 1-4, inclusive.
The preferred embodiment of the improved Fourdrinier forming fabric of the present invention is broadly designated at 10 in Figure 1 and comprises an outer or face plv or layer 11 and an inner or backing plv or la~er 12 which are arranged in superpose~ relationship, and both of which are preferably in endless form. The outer and inner plies ll, 1? also may be termed as respective top an~ bo~tom plies of the fabric, since the plies 11, 12 occupy such position when in use the when passing through the slurry-receiving upper reach of the forming fabric.
At least the top or outer ply 11 should be of a relatively fine mesh weave and, in any event, both of the plies 11, 12 should be of a mesh weave having at least 9 percent open area so as tc readily permit drainage therethrough of liquid from a slurry. The outer or top ply 1~ is woven of main warp yarns 13 and weft yarns 14, and the inner or bottom ply 1 is woven of main warp yarns 15 and weft yarns 16. Although each of the plies 11) 12 is shown as being in the form of a plain weave, it is to be understood that they may be of any other suitable weave constructlons.
The outer and inner plies 11, 12 of the fabric 10 are separate of each other. However, the plies 11, 12 are interconnected by a plurality of interlacing binder warp yarns 17 which extend generally parallel with the main warp yarns 13, 15 and which extend transversely across the fabric 10 (Figure 1). It s preferred that there are at least twice as many main warp yarns 13, lS in each respecti~e layer of the fabric 10 as there are binder warp yarns 17 Also, it is preferred that the binder warp yarns 17 are spaced weftwise apart from each o there as shown in Figures 3 and 4, for example, so that ~he outer and inner plies ll, 1.~ may shift or yield relative to each other when the fabric 10 is in use and as successive portions of the belt fabric are moving in engagement wi~h the cylindrical sur~aces o~
supportiny rolls of a papermaking machine, thereby reducing the abrasive action to which the inner or bottom ply 1~ may be subjected by frictional engagement with such surfaces.
Alternatively, the fabric 10 of the invention may be unitary, multi-layer stxucture free of binder yarns. The yarns 13, 14 are integrated with the base yarns 15, 16 by a warp yarn 13 from the top layer which occasionally dips to interweave with a weft yarn 16 in the fabric base layer, thereby providing what is commonly referred to in the art as a "stitching point." The entire fabric structure 10 may be characterized as a smooth faced, multi-layer weave. The fabric 10 may be woven on a conventional loom in a single operation. The base yarns lS, 16 are woven while the top yarns 13, 14 are woven directly above the a base yarns 15, 16. The combining of the tow yarn systems is performed .
during the weaving operation by sinking one of the yarns 13 to interlace with one of the base layer yarns 16 to provide the stitching points. The combining Or the two systems is preferahly in a set sequence, for example on ever~ other yarn 16 so as not to distort either the upper la~er Yarn surface or the lower yarn base layer.
Other multi-layered forming wire fabric constructions known to the art may be impro~ed by the present inventlon.
As shown in Figures ~ and 3, the plies 11, 12 are spaced apart for purposes of clarity. ~owever, it is to be un~erstoo~ that the two plies actually are held in contact with each other hy the binder warp yarns 17. As indicated above, it is preferred that there is a lesser number of binder warp yarns 17 in the Fourdrinier forming belt fabric 10 than there are warp yarns in each ply 11, 12 thereof. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, there is one binder warp yarn for every seven main warp yarns in each ply, for example. Also, binaer warp yarns 17 may be somewhat smaller than at least the warp and weft yarns 13, 14 of the ou~er or face play 11, if desired. As preferred, the binder warp yarns 17 are looped over alternate weft yarns 14 in outer ply 11 and they are looped beneath intervening weft yarns 16 in inner ply 12 of fabric 10.
When the Fourdrinier belt fabric 10 is woven in endless form, as shown in figure 1, it is to be noted that the weft yaxns 14, 16 in the two plies 11, 12 are continuous and extend longitudinally throughout the upper and lower reaches of the Fourdrinier forming belt fabric and, since the belt fabric 10 is woven in a progressive manner the weft yarns 14, 16 extend in generally helical form progressing from one edge of the fabric to the other. Of course, the warp yarns 33~
13, 15 17 of the endless Fourdrin-er forming belt fabric extend transverselv or across the belt ~abric.
The yarns 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 may be selected from a wide variety of known and conventionally used varns, subject to the requlrement ~or hydrophob~city/hydrophillcity described more fully hereinafter. Thus, the yarns l3, 14 15, 16 and 17 may be selected from, for examp7e, multi-filament yarns, monofiliment yarns or metal yarns covered with synthetic.
If plastic coated yarns are employed in weaving the fabric 10, it is preferred that they are used to extend in only the widthwise direction of the fabric formed therefrom and with yarns of more pliable synthetic and/or natural textile material extending in the lengthwise direction of the belt. By such an arrangement of the plastic coated metal yarns, they would be subjected to relatively little or not flexing as they passed about rolls and over 'he edges of suction box tops of a forming machine.
Further, if synthetic yarns are used, it is preferred that the fabric is heat-set to aid in preventing stretchin~, and it is preferred that the yarns are of the continuous filament type since they would normally be of gxeater tensile strength than staple-fiber synthetic yarns. In general, heat-setting may be carried out at temperatures of from about 150F to 400F for from 15 to 60 minutes. The degree of heat-setting required to achieve the desired structure of the fabric will of course vary depending on the polymer nature of the yarns. However, optimum times, temperatures and tensions placed on the fabric during heat-setting can be determined by those skilled in the art, employing trial and error technique for the difference yarn .
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~28~3~3~
materials. Typical svnthetic varns which may be used in the manufacture of the bel t fabric may be ormed from nylon, polyester, acrylic, polypropylene or other synthetic strand materials. ~s shown, all of the main warp yarns 13, 15 and the weft yarns 14, 16 are about he same size. It i8 apparent, however that may di4ferent sizes and type~ of yarns may be used in forming the ~abric 10 in accordance with this invention.
In the improved fabric 10 of the invention, the top layer or ply ll is hydrophobic in character while the underlying layer or ply 12 is hydrophilic in character. In other words, the top ply 11 will be water-repellent while the underlying play 12 will have an affinit~ for water.
More specifically, the top ply 11 may be composed of yarns and fibers that are hydrophobic either due to their basic polymeric character or to a treatment to promote water-repellency such as a treatment with a fluorochemical water repellent. Such treatments are well known; see for example Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia o Chemistry, Vol. 22, page 146.
The fibers and yarns composing the underly;.ng ply l2 may be hydrophilic either because of the hydrophilic nature of the yarns or as a result of treatment with, for example a surfactan~. Surfac~ant treatments of the ply 12 will also enhance hydrophilicity.
The term "sur~actant" as usPd herein is a contraction of "surface-active agent" and is broa~ly descxiptive term used to describe a chemical compound which is (1) soluble in at least one phase of a system, (~ has an amphipathic structure, (3) the molecules of which form oriented monolayers at phase interfaces, (4) exhibits an equilibrium 128~339 concentration as a solute at a phase interface, greater than its concentration in the bulk of the solution, (5) forms micelles when the concentration as a soluted in solution, exceeds a characteristic limiting value and ~6) exhibits some combination o. the functional properties of detergency, foaming, wetting, emulsifying, solubilizing and dlspersing.
Surface-active agents are generally classed as anionic, cationic or non-ionic. Preferred as surface-active agents in the method O r the nvention are those of the non-ionic tvpe. Non-ionic surface active agents are generally well-known as is the method of their preparation.
Representative are the alkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols such as they octylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols and nonylphenoxypoly (athyleneoxy~ ethanols having polyoxyethylene moieties averaging rom 8 to 15 unlts in length. Other non-ionic surfactants which ma~ be employed are represented by polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, long chain alkyl phosphine oxides, long chain alkylamine oxides and the like.
Other chemicals may impart either hydrophobic or hydrophilic characteristics and my be used to help in improving the water removal capabilities o the fabrics used in paper making appl~cations.
In use, the top ply 12 of the fabric 10 receives the wet paper web formed thereon. At the last point of vacuum application, water is drawn from the sheet, into the multi-layered forming fabric. Because of the hydrophobic~hydrophilic nature of the weave geometry, the water is attracted preferentially to the bottom layer or layers, thereby minimizing water availability to the top layer. Re~et of the paper web is minimized or avoided.
~28~335~
As shown in Figure 4, a top view of a portion of the fabric 10, the duplex weave is relatively open, i.e.; has at least about a 9 percent open area. The 9% open area through the belt fabric 10 generally i5 suitable to accommodate a slurry of pulp and water containing relatively short and fine fibers during the formation of a sheet of paper or the like thereon. In instances where the fibers of the slurry are appreciably longer, it is apparent that a more open mesh weave may be employed. IN an~ event, the open area of each ply should be such as to permit a rate of drainage of the liquid therethrough facilitating the formation of a sheet of paper of the desired quality upon the outer or face surface of the Fourdrinier forming belt fabric.
When ~he belt fabric is in use, the inner ply 1~
thereto is subjected to the larger portion of the wear of the composite 'abric, thereby generally protecting the warp and weft yarns ~3, 14 of the face ply from frictional wear, since a substantially greater portions of the frictional wear occuxs on the back or inner side of a Fourdrinier forming belt fabric than that occurring on the face or outer side thereof; e.g., the inner ply may creep in rictional engagement with the various rolls and may slide over and against foils, suction box tops and other supporting surfaces of a forming machine. Also, it is apparent that the inner ply 12 not only reinforces the top or outer ply 11, but it also enhances th~ dimensional stability of the forming fabric. The stability of the fabric 10 may be further enhanced by bonding the two plies 11, 12 together at suitably spaced areas, if desired. Such bonding may be effected by use of a suitable adhesive and~or by heat fusion or the p~ies together at such spaced areas.
33~39 It is preferred that the fabric 10 is woven in endless form, as described herein, so that the weft yarns thereof will extend lengthwise along the belt formed therefrom. It is apparent, howeve.r, that the fabric may be wo~en of the desired weftwise width and in indefinite warpwise lengths, after which the fabric may be cut to the desired warpwise lengths and opposite ends thereof then may be suitably splic~d together to form an endless belt therefrom.
The fol'owing example describes the manner and the process of making and using the invention and sets forth the best mode contemplated by then inventor of carry.ing out the .invention but is not to be considered as limiting.
33~
Example A fabric is prepared in a weave of . 020" diameter polypropylene monofilament machine direction yarns totalling 56 ends per inch interwo~len with .020" diameter monoilament polyester cross-machine direction yarns totalling 40 p~'cks per inch (20 top and 20 bottom in a two layer weave). After heat-setting, a fabric is obtained which has a smooth surface contacting out~r plane. The upper surface is treated with a chrome complex of a perfluorocarbonylic acid.
This fabric may be made endless through he use of the we11-known ~oining procedure whereby the ends of the fabric are woven one into the other, or by the use of the pin seam.
The fabric provides superior sheet support with reduced rewet to result in greater machine efficiencies.
The forming wires of the invention may also be finished by any conventional manner, i.e.; for example chemical treatments to offer specific properties of runability and resistance to chemical and abrasive degradation.
FORMING FABRIC STRUCTURE TO RESIST REWET OF THE PAPER SHEET
BACKGROUND OF THE Ir~ENTION
. . ~
Fiel~ of The Invention The invention relates to forming fabrics used in papermaking machines.
Brief Description of The Prior Art Papermaking machines are well known in the art. The modern papermaking machine is in essence a device for removing water from the paper furnish. The water is removed sequentially in three stages or sections of the machine. In the first or forming section, the furnish is deposited on a moving forming wire and water drained through the wire to leave a paper sheet or web having a solids content of circa 18 to 25 percent by weight. The formed web is carried into a wet press _elt section and passed through one or more nip presses on a moving press felt to remove sufficient water to form a sheet. This sheet ;s 'ransferred to the drver section of the papermaking machine.
On papermaking machines, endless be?ts are employed in the various sections to carry the sheet or web. One form of belt which has been used extensively as a forming wire in the forming section of the papermaking machine is one fabricated from an open, multi-layer weave of synthetic, polymeric resin monofilaments. Such fabrics generally perform well in the forming section although there are certain limitations. For example, in the multi-layered weaves there is a tendency for the dry content of the sheet o$ forming paper to decrease after the last point of vacuum " ~8033~3 application on the machine, just prior to transfer of the sheet to the wet-press section of the machine. This decrease in dry content is termed "rewet". It is theorized that multiple layer forming fabrics carry water within the weave geometry and that as the sheet o~ ormed paper is carried by the fo,rming fabric beyond the last vacuum applicat10n, water migrates back into the carried sheet from the forming fabric.
The rorming fabrics of the invention minimize or eliminate the "rewet" phenomena and are therefore advantageous in promoting overall drying efficiency in the forming section of a papermaking machine.
Summary O r The Invention The invention comprises, in a multi-layered papermachine forming fabric which comprises a top laver for contacting the forming paper sheet and an underlying la~er for supporting th~ top layer, said multi-layers each comprising interwoven warp and weft yarns, the improvement, which comprises said top layer being hydrophobic and said underlying layer being hvdrophilic.
rief Description of th ~
Figure 1 is a partially fragmented schematic perspective view of the improved endless Fourdrinier forming belt fabric sf this invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic transverse or warpwise sectional view through a portion of the improved Fourdrinier fabric taken substantially along line 2-2 in Figure 1.
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~'~8~33~
Figure 3 is a fragmentary we~twise sectional view taken substantially along line 3-3 in Figure Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary top plan view of a portion of the fabric making up the belt of Figure 1.
Detailed Descriptlon of the Preferred Embodiments of The Invention Those skilled in the art will gain an appreciation of the preferred embodiments of the invention by a reading of the following description in conjunction with a viewing of the accompanying drawings of Figures 1-4, inclusive.
The preferred embodiment of the improved Fourdrinier forming fabric of the present invention is broadly designated at 10 in Figure 1 and comprises an outer or face plv or layer 11 and an inner or backing plv or la~er 12 which are arranged in superpose~ relationship, and both of which are preferably in endless form. The outer and inner plies ll, 1? also may be termed as respective top an~ bo~tom plies of the fabric, since the plies 11, 12 occupy such position when in use the when passing through the slurry-receiving upper reach of the forming fabric.
At least the top or outer ply 11 should be of a relatively fine mesh weave and, in any event, both of the plies 11, 12 should be of a mesh weave having at least 9 percent open area so as tc readily permit drainage therethrough of liquid from a slurry. The outer or top ply 1~ is woven of main warp yarns 13 and weft yarns 14, and the inner or bottom ply 1 is woven of main warp yarns 15 and weft yarns 16. Although each of the plies 11) 12 is shown as being in the form of a plain weave, it is to be understood that they may be of any other suitable weave constructlons.
The outer and inner plies 11, 12 of the fabric 10 are separate of each other. However, the plies 11, 12 are interconnected by a plurality of interlacing binder warp yarns 17 which extend generally parallel with the main warp yarns 13, 15 and which extend transversely across the fabric 10 (Figure 1). It s preferred that there are at least twice as many main warp yarns 13, lS in each respecti~e layer of the fabric 10 as there are binder warp yarns 17 Also, it is preferred that the binder warp yarns 17 are spaced weftwise apart from each o there as shown in Figures 3 and 4, for example, so that ~he outer and inner plies ll, 1.~ may shift or yield relative to each other when the fabric 10 is in use and as successive portions of the belt fabric are moving in engagement wi~h the cylindrical sur~aces o~
supportiny rolls of a papermaking machine, thereby reducing the abrasive action to which the inner or bottom ply 1~ may be subjected by frictional engagement with such surfaces.
Alternatively, the fabric 10 of the invention may be unitary, multi-layer stxucture free of binder yarns. The yarns 13, 14 are integrated with the base yarns 15, 16 by a warp yarn 13 from the top layer which occasionally dips to interweave with a weft yarn 16 in the fabric base layer, thereby providing what is commonly referred to in the art as a "stitching point." The entire fabric structure 10 may be characterized as a smooth faced, multi-layer weave. The fabric 10 may be woven on a conventional loom in a single operation. The base yarns lS, 16 are woven while the top yarns 13, 14 are woven directly above the a base yarns 15, 16. The combining of the tow yarn systems is performed .
during the weaving operation by sinking one of the yarns 13 to interlace with one of the base layer yarns 16 to provide the stitching points. The combining Or the two systems is preferahly in a set sequence, for example on ever~ other yarn 16 so as not to distort either the upper la~er Yarn surface or the lower yarn base layer.
Other multi-layered forming wire fabric constructions known to the art may be impro~ed by the present inventlon.
As shown in Figures ~ and 3, the plies 11, 12 are spaced apart for purposes of clarity. ~owever, it is to be un~erstoo~ that the two plies actually are held in contact with each other hy the binder warp yarns 17. As indicated above, it is preferred that there is a lesser number of binder warp yarns 17 in the Fourdrinier forming belt fabric 10 than there are warp yarns in each ply 11, 12 thereof. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, there is one binder warp yarn for every seven main warp yarns in each ply, for example. Also, binaer warp yarns 17 may be somewhat smaller than at least the warp and weft yarns 13, 14 of the ou~er or face play 11, if desired. As preferred, the binder warp yarns 17 are looped over alternate weft yarns 14 in outer ply 11 and they are looped beneath intervening weft yarns 16 in inner ply 12 of fabric 10.
When the Fourdrinier belt fabric 10 is woven in endless form, as shown in figure 1, it is to be noted that the weft yaxns 14, 16 in the two plies 11, 12 are continuous and extend longitudinally throughout the upper and lower reaches of the Fourdrinier forming belt fabric and, since the belt fabric 10 is woven in a progressive manner the weft yarns 14, 16 extend in generally helical form progressing from one edge of the fabric to the other. Of course, the warp yarns 33~
13, 15 17 of the endless Fourdrin-er forming belt fabric extend transverselv or across the belt ~abric.
The yarns 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 may be selected from a wide variety of known and conventionally used varns, subject to the requlrement ~or hydrophob~city/hydrophillcity described more fully hereinafter. Thus, the yarns l3, 14 15, 16 and 17 may be selected from, for examp7e, multi-filament yarns, monofiliment yarns or metal yarns covered with synthetic.
If plastic coated yarns are employed in weaving the fabric 10, it is preferred that they are used to extend in only the widthwise direction of the fabric formed therefrom and with yarns of more pliable synthetic and/or natural textile material extending in the lengthwise direction of the belt. By such an arrangement of the plastic coated metal yarns, they would be subjected to relatively little or not flexing as they passed about rolls and over 'he edges of suction box tops of a forming machine.
Further, if synthetic yarns are used, it is preferred that the fabric is heat-set to aid in preventing stretchin~, and it is preferred that the yarns are of the continuous filament type since they would normally be of gxeater tensile strength than staple-fiber synthetic yarns. In general, heat-setting may be carried out at temperatures of from about 150F to 400F for from 15 to 60 minutes. The degree of heat-setting required to achieve the desired structure of the fabric will of course vary depending on the polymer nature of the yarns. However, optimum times, temperatures and tensions placed on the fabric during heat-setting can be determined by those skilled in the art, employing trial and error technique for the difference yarn .
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~28~3~3~
materials. Typical svnthetic varns which may be used in the manufacture of the bel t fabric may be ormed from nylon, polyester, acrylic, polypropylene or other synthetic strand materials. ~s shown, all of the main warp yarns 13, 15 and the weft yarns 14, 16 are about he same size. It i8 apparent, however that may di4ferent sizes and type~ of yarns may be used in forming the ~abric 10 in accordance with this invention.
In the improved fabric 10 of the invention, the top layer or ply ll is hydrophobic in character while the underlying layer or ply 12 is hydrophilic in character. In other words, the top ply 11 will be water-repellent while the underlying play 12 will have an affinit~ for water.
More specifically, the top ply 11 may be composed of yarns and fibers that are hydrophobic either due to their basic polymeric character or to a treatment to promote water-repellency such as a treatment with a fluorochemical water repellent. Such treatments are well known; see for example Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia o Chemistry, Vol. 22, page 146.
The fibers and yarns composing the underly;.ng ply l2 may be hydrophilic either because of the hydrophilic nature of the yarns or as a result of treatment with, for example a surfactan~. Surfac~ant treatments of the ply 12 will also enhance hydrophilicity.
The term "sur~actant" as usPd herein is a contraction of "surface-active agent" and is broa~ly descxiptive term used to describe a chemical compound which is (1) soluble in at least one phase of a system, (~ has an amphipathic structure, (3) the molecules of which form oriented monolayers at phase interfaces, (4) exhibits an equilibrium 128~339 concentration as a solute at a phase interface, greater than its concentration in the bulk of the solution, (5) forms micelles when the concentration as a soluted in solution, exceeds a characteristic limiting value and ~6) exhibits some combination o. the functional properties of detergency, foaming, wetting, emulsifying, solubilizing and dlspersing.
Surface-active agents are generally classed as anionic, cationic or non-ionic. Preferred as surface-active agents in the method O r the nvention are those of the non-ionic tvpe. Non-ionic surface active agents are generally well-known as is the method of their preparation.
Representative are the alkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols such as they octylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols and nonylphenoxypoly (athyleneoxy~ ethanols having polyoxyethylene moieties averaging rom 8 to 15 unlts in length. Other non-ionic surfactants which ma~ be employed are represented by polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, long chain alkyl phosphine oxides, long chain alkylamine oxides and the like.
Other chemicals may impart either hydrophobic or hydrophilic characteristics and my be used to help in improving the water removal capabilities o the fabrics used in paper making appl~cations.
In use, the top ply 12 of the fabric 10 receives the wet paper web formed thereon. At the last point of vacuum application, water is drawn from the sheet, into the multi-layered forming fabric. Because of the hydrophobic~hydrophilic nature of the weave geometry, the water is attracted preferentially to the bottom layer or layers, thereby minimizing water availability to the top layer. Re~et of the paper web is minimized or avoided.
~28~335~
As shown in Figure 4, a top view of a portion of the fabric 10, the duplex weave is relatively open, i.e.; has at least about a 9 percent open area. The 9% open area through the belt fabric 10 generally i5 suitable to accommodate a slurry of pulp and water containing relatively short and fine fibers during the formation of a sheet of paper or the like thereon. In instances where the fibers of the slurry are appreciably longer, it is apparent that a more open mesh weave may be employed. IN an~ event, the open area of each ply should be such as to permit a rate of drainage of the liquid therethrough facilitating the formation of a sheet of paper of the desired quality upon the outer or face surface of the Fourdrinier forming belt fabric.
When ~he belt fabric is in use, the inner ply 1~
thereto is subjected to the larger portion of the wear of the composite 'abric, thereby generally protecting the warp and weft yarns ~3, 14 of the face ply from frictional wear, since a substantially greater portions of the frictional wear occuxs on the back or inner side of a Fourdrinier forming belt fabric than that occurring on the face or outer side thereof; e.g., the inner ply may creep in rictional engagement with the various rolls and may slide over and against foils, suction box tops and other supporting surfaces of a forming machine. Also, it is apparent that the inner ply 12 not only reinforces the top or outer ply 11, but it also enhances th~ dimensional stability of the forming fabric. The stability of the fabric 10 may be further enhanced by bonding the two plies 11, 12 together at suitably spaced areas, if desired. Such bonding may be effected by use of a suitable adhesive and~or by heat fusion or the p~ies together at such spaced areas.
33~39 It is preferred that the fabric 10 is woven in endless form, as described herein, so that the weft yarns thereof will extend lengthwise along the belt formed therefrom. It is apparent, howeve.r, that the fabric may be wo~en of the desired weftwise width and in indefinite warpwise lengths, after which the fabric may be cut to the desired warpwise lengths and opposite ends thereof then may be suitably splic~d together to form an endless belt therefrom.
The fol'owing example describes the manner and the process of making and using the invention and sets forth the best mode contemplated by then inventor of carry.ing out the .invention but is not to be considered as limiting.
33~
Example A fabric is prepared in a weave of . 020" diameter polypropylene monofilament machine direction yarns totalling 56 ends per inch interwo~len with .020" diameter monoilament polyester cross-machine direction yarns totalling 40 p~'cks per inch (20 top and 20 bottom in a two layer weave). After heat-setting, a fabric is obtained which has a smooth surface contacting out~r plane. The upper surface is treated with a chrome complex of a perfluorocarbonylic acid.
This fabric may be made endless through he use of the we11-known ~oining procedure whereby the ends of the fabric are woven one into the other, or by the use of the pin seam.
The fabric provides superior sheet support with reduced rewet to result in greater machine efficiencies.
The forming wires of the invention may also be finished by any conventional manner, i.e.; for example chemical treatments to offer specific properties of runability and resistance to chemical and abrasive degradation.
Claims (6)
1. In a papermachine forming fabric which comprises a top layer for contacting the forming paper sheet and an underlying layer for supporting the top layer, said multi layers each comprising interwoven warp and weft yarns, the improvement, which comprises said top layer being hydrophobic and said underlying layer being hydrophilic.
2. A papermachine forming fabric comprising at least two woven plies of respective sets of weft yarns and warp yarns, binder warp yarns interwoven with the interconnecting said two plies, the upper of said plies being fabricated from hydrophobic materials and the lower of said plies being fabricated from hydrophilic materials.
3. A papermachine forming fabric, which comprises:
a multi-ply fabric, including a top ply and a bottom ply;
said top and bottom plies each comprising inter-woven warp and weft yarns;
said yarns in the top ply being hydrophobic;
said yarns in the bottom ply being hydrophilic.
a multi-ply fabric, including a top ply and a bottom ply;
said top and bottom plies each comprising inter-woven warp and weft yarns;
said yarns in the top ply being hydrophobic;
said yarns in the bottom ply being hydrophilic.
4. The fabric of claim 3, wherein the hydrophobicity of the yarns is due to chemical treatment.
5. The fabric of claim 3, wherein hydrophilicity of the yarns is due to chemical treatment.
6. The fabric of claim 3, wherein the yarns are all monofilament yarns.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/044,996 US4759976A (en) | 1987-04-30 | 1987-04-30 | Forming fabric structure to resist rewet of the paper sheet |
| US044,996 | 1993-04-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1280339C true CA1280339C (en) | 1991-02-19 |
Family
ID=21935449
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564198A Expired - Fee Related CA1280339C (en) | 1987-04-30 | 1988-04-14 | Forming fabric structure to resist rewet of the paper sheet |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4759976A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6414393A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU588506B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8800016A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1280339C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3801739A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI93560C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2614635B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2204607B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1219887B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO880266L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE467583B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA879176B (en) |
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| US5296290A (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1994-03-22 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent laminates |
| DE3742400A1 (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-07-06 | Mehler Vario System Gmbh | SANDWICH LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4923740A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-05-08 | Asten Group, Inc. | Multilayer forming fabric with high open area |
| US4921750A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-05-01 | Asten Group, Inc. | Papermaker's thru-dryer embossing fabric |
| US4931010A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1990-06-05 | Albany International Corp. | Fabrics having hydrophilic and hydrophobic foams |
| US4937102A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1990-06-26 | Albany International Corp. | Fabrics having hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings |
| FI81624C (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1990-11-12 | Tamfelt Oy Ab | PAPPERSMASKINDUK. |
| US5052448A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1991-10-01 | Huyck Corporation | Self stitching multilayer papermaking fabric |
| FR2645881B1 (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1992-06-12 | Hexcel Genin Sa | THERMO-PLASTIC FABRIC |
| US4973512A (en) * | 1990-04-03 | 1990-11-27 | Mount Vernon Mills, Inc. | Press felt for use in papermaking machine |
| US5238536A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1993-08-24 | Huyck Licensco, Inc. | Multilayer forming fabric |
| FI89819C (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-11-25 | Tamfelt Oy Ab | Wiper for paper machine |
| US5503196A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1996-04-02 | Albany International Corp. | Papermakers fabric having a system of machine-direction yarns residing interior of the fabric surfaces |
| US5614282A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-03-25 | Davlyn Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Fabric structural members |
| US6171446B1 (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 2001-01-09 | Shakespeare Company | Press felt with grooved fibers having improved dewatering characteristics |
| US6248210B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2001-06-19 | Fort James Corporation | Method for maximizing water removal in a press nip |
| US7959761B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2011-06-14 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Creping adhesive modifier and process for producing paper products |
| US20040209058A1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-10-21 | Chou Hung Liang | Paper products including surface treated thermally bondable fibers and methods of making the same |
| US8911592B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2014-12-16 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Multi-ply absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers |
| US7662257B2 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2010-02-16 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Llc | Multi-ply paper towel with absorbent core |
| US7494563B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2009-02-24 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Fabric creped absorbent sheet with variable local basis weight |
| US7789995B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2010-09-07 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products, LP | Fabric crepe/draw process for producing absorbent sheet |
| EP1556548B1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2008-11-19 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP | Process for making a creped cellulosic sheet |
| US7442278B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2008-10-28 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Fabric crepe and in fabric drying process for producing absorbent sheet |
| EP1567718B1 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2013-04-17 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP | Absorbent sheet exhibiting resistance to moisture penetration |
| US7297226B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2007-11-20 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus and method for degrading a web in the machine direction while preserving cross-machine direction strength |
| EP2492393B1 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2016-07-06 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP | Absorbent product with elevated CD stretch and low tensile ratios made with a high solids fabric crepe process |
| US8293072B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-10-23 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Belt-creped, variable local basis weight absorbent sheet prepared with perforated polymeric belt |
| US7503998B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2009-03-17 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | High solids fabric crepe process for producing absorbent sheet with in-fabric drying |
| US8178025B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2012-05-15 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Embossing system and product made thereby with both perforate bosses in the cross machine direction and a macro pattern |
| EP1808528A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-18 | Voith Patent GmbH | Paper machine fabric with release coating |
| US8540846B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2013-09-24 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Belt-creped, variable local basis weight multi-ply sheet with cellulose microfiber prepared with perforated polymeric belt |
| DK2792789T3 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2017-10-16 | Georgia Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Creepy absorbent fabric web with variable local basis weight |
| EP2057016B1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2017-04-26 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP | Multi-ply paper towel |
| WO2010033536A2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Dixie Consumer Products Llc | Food wrap basesheet with regenerated cellulose microfiber |
| US8251103B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-08-28 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with engineered drainage channels |
| US9267240B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2016-02-23 | Georgia-Pacific Products LP | High softness, high durability bath tissue incorporating high lignin eucalyptus fiber |
| US9309627B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2016-04-12 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | High softness, high durability bath tissues with temporary wet strength |
| CN104897488A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 浙江尤夫高新纤维股份有限公司 | Method for testing static creep endurance quality of PET industrial yarns |
| MX2018000749A (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2018-05-15 | Albany Int Corp | Compositions and methods for improved abrasion resistance of polymeric components. |
| GB2585818B (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2022-05-11 | Don & Low Ltd | Improvements in and relating to woven products |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2110388A (en) * | 1932-04-29 | 1938-03-08 | Eduard V Asten | Porous textile fabric |
| US2423828A (en) * | 1945-06-04 | 1947-07-15 | Albany Felt Co | Papermaker's felt |
| GB863508A (en) * | 1956-07-03 | 1961-03-22 | Scapa Dryers Ltd | Paper-makers' dryer felt |
| US3086276A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1963-04-23 | Lockport Felt Company Inc | Papermaker's felt |
| US3214326A (en) * | 1963-04-16 | 1965-10-26 | Huyck Corp | Paper pressing method, felt and apparatus |
| FR1384508A (en) * | 1964-03-07 | 1965-01-04 | Huyck Corp | Wet felt for paper maker, fabric press and method for removing water from a wet web, using this wet felt |
| NL135227C (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| DE2455185A1 (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-05-22 | Slaughter Philip H | FABRIC FOR THE MAKING OF PAPER |
| US3885602A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-05-27 | Creech Evans S | Woven fourdrinier fabric |
| US4162190A (en) * | 1974-04-29 | 1979-07-24 | Scapa-Porritt Limited | Paper makers wet felts |
| US3915202A (en) * | 1974-05-03 | 1975-10-28 | Albany Int Corp | Fourdrinier papermaking belts |
| JPS5642399U (en) * | 1979-09-12 | 1981-04-18 | ||
| JPS5735599U (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1982-02-24 | ||
| DE3301810C2 (en) * | 1983-01-20 | 1986-01-09 | Hermann Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg, 7410 Reutlingen | Composite fabric as a covering for the sheet forming part of a paper machine |
-
1987
- 1987-04-30 US US07/044,996 patent/US4759976A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-07 ZA ZA879176A patent/ZA879176B/en unknown
- 1987-12-10 SE SE8704935A patent/SE467583B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-22 FI FI875688A patent/FI93560C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-01-05 BR BR8800016A patent/BR8800016A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-12 JP JP63003267A patent/JPS6414393A/en active Granted
- 1988-01-22 NO NO880266A patent/NO880266L/en unknown
- 1988-01-22 DE DE3801739A patent/DE3801739A1/en active Granted
- 1988-02-02 FR FR8801199A patent/FR2614635B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-29 IT IT47789/88A patent/IT1219887B/en active
- 1988-04-14 CA CA000564198A patent/CA1280339C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-28 GB GB8810096A patent/GB2204607B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-02 AU AU15698/88A patent/AU588506B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0350037B2 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| GB2204607B (en) | 1991-05-08 |
| FI875688A0 (en) | 1987-12-22 |
| ZA879176B (en) | 1989-03-29 |
| DE3801739A1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| IT1219887B (en) | 1990-05-24 |
| SE8704935D0 (en) | 1987-12-10 |
| FI875688A (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| NO880266D0 (en) | 1988-01-22 |
| JPS6414393A (en) | 1989-01-18 |
| NO880266L (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| GB2204607A (en) | 1988-11-16 |
| FR2614635B1 (en) | 1994-05-27 |
| IT8847789A0 (en) | 1988-03-29 |
| AU588506B2 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| SE8704935L (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| SE467583B (en) | 1992-08-10 |
| FR2614635A1 (en) | 1988-11-04 |
| FI93560B (en) | 1995-01-13 |
| DE3801739C2 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
| FI93560C (en) | 1995-04-25 |
| US4759976A (en) | 1988-07-26 |
| AU1569888A (en) | 1988-11-03 |
| GB8810096D0 (en) | 1988-06-02 |
| BR8800016A (en) | 1988-11-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |