CA1287191C - Process for the irradiation of large units of objects to be irradiated by means of ionizing radiation - Google Patents
Process for the irradiation of large units of objects to be irradiated by means of ionizing radiationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1287191C CA1287191C CA000518716A CA518716A CA1287191C CA 1287191 C CA1287191 C CA 1287191C CA 000518716 A CA000518716 A CA 000518716A CA 518716 A CA518716 A CA 518716A CA 1287191 C CA1287191 C CA 1287191C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- irradiated
- objects
- irradiation
- density
- units
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
- G21K5/02—Irradiation devices having no beam-forming means
Abstract
Process for the Irradiation of Large Units of Objects to Be Irradiated by Means of Ionizing Radiation Abstract The invention relates to a process for the irradiation of dis-posable healthcare articles and foodstuffs with gamma or X-rays in order to destroy micro-organisms and harmful insects object of the invention is to improve dosage of the invention is accomplished in that the objects to be irradiated (5) of a shipping unit is arranged in such a manner that there is an area of less density in the center (6) than in the peripheral area, whereby the shipping unit must be irradiated from at least two sides by a source of radiation (1).
Description
3~
I'r~ces, f~r the Irrl(liati~n ~f L~r-e Un:its ~f ~I~-jects t~ ~e Irra(Iint:e(l I)V ~ICal]S af I~ni~il1P Ra(li;1t;~11 ;
r;,e invellti~rl re1ates ta a pr~cess ~r the irradiati~n ~f ~bjects t~ be irradiate(l ~ich gamllla ~r X-rays. The illvent-i~n is particu-1ar1y suita~le L~r the irra(liati~n ~f disp~sable healtllcare articles an(l f~(lstuffs ~ ich h;lve tleell assem~1ed in~ 1ar~e shippill~ units. As Icn~wn fr~ the state ~f the art, i~lli7.ill',, racliati~n Call, e.g. destr~y mier~-~rOallis~lls alld h.lrllfu1 insects ~r alter the charclcteristics ~f f~dstuffs ~r f~dller.
~lith increasinO use ~f this teclln~l~gy, the shippillg units t~
be irra~iated grew increasingly larger ~ue t~ m~re rati~nal handlil10. A shipping un-it here~-i[l reLers t~ an arrangel:lellt ~f ~l~jeets t~ ~e irra~iate~ ~hieh are m~ve~ as ~ne ullit withill an irradiati~n apparatus. rypicaL sllippillg units are cart~[ls, erates, I)arre1s ~r ~jects t~ ~e irradiat?(l stac!ce~l ~n pallets.
~lith incre,lsin~ si~e and/~r dellsity the irradi;lti~n bec~mes U;l-even. Tlle irradiatiall effieie!lcy may als~ distinctly decrease as the weigllt ~L the shipl)ing units increases.
Irradiati~n efficiency, ~r f~r sh~rt efficiellcy, reter:, t~ the e::pl~ited part ~f the entire el;litted ra(lilti~n, wllereL)y tllat part ~f the d~sa,,e in the ~I)ject5 t~ l)e irralliatell t~llt lies ~g 17~,~7 ab~ve mi~ ulll d~sage is c~nsi(lere(l n~t e.:?l~ite(l. Illc r~
~f ma~ uri1 t~ l;lillil.~llm d~s.l~e ~!i.tllirl a shippirlg unlt is sclec~e(l as thc dr~ree ~f (l~sa,7e unif~rnlity.
Tlle ~Jbject ~Jr tlle invellti~n is t~ ir.lpr~ve the cfLicienc~ a!l( d~sage uniL~rni~y 1ih(~n large ship~ 7 urlits are em~ ye~
T'ne ~bject ~ the inverlti~n is acc~mplishe(l in that tlle ~bjerts t~ be irradiate(l are arran,7etl in sucll a manner t'~at thc avera gn dcrlsity ill the cellter is less tl1an in the peripi-eral arca a~ld tlle rildi.ati~n enters fr~m at least twc) main directi~ns.
.~ny ty~)e anti shape ~f radiati~ll s~urce o1ay be usc(l. [l~rc~ver, the pr~Jcess is suitable f~Jr every type ~f m~velllellt ~ the ~bjects t~J be irradiated ab~ut ti1e s~urce ~f radiati~tl ~llich is als~
suitable f~r the irratiiati~Jn ~Jf .shipping units havin~ unif~rm dcnsity. '~'here ~lay als~ bc atdditi~nal ~bjertc t~J be irradi.lted between the s~urce ~Jf radiati~n and thc sllip[)ing unit, ~hicll wealens the r~diati~JIl f~r part ~J tile shippill~!7 Ullit ~r the entire shipping unit. Any type ~L shiel(lil1g devices wiiich are intended t~ impr~ve d~Jsage unif~rm:ity may als~ be c~ntinuetl t~ be used.
It is, l~ rt>ver, t~ be n~ted that d~sage unif~rmity is already marlcedly irnpr~ved by the invented pr~Jcess. The effect ~f the shieldincg devices may theref~re be reduc-7(1.
The invented pr~cess is particularly effective ~berl the radiati~n penetrates the ~bjects t~ be irradiated fr~m at least l~ directi~l1s.
Irr~diati~n fr~m 4 directi~Jns may ~ccur in th~t, e.g. a cu~id shippillg unit is turned 90 de,7ress7 eacl1 time. llle radi.lti~n tllcll erltcrs tllc~ jccts t~ be irr.~ tc~(l tlL~u~7!l t ~l C ~ S i (l 7 '; r~ L
i - , 7~9~
of the superflcics. The ~bjccts t~ l)c irradiated may als~ l)e irradiatcd fr~ all directi~lls, e.g. ~y means af c~ntillually r~tating a shipl)inn unit. The invellted pr~cess is, h~-/evcr, n~t limited t~ an irradiati~n fr~D~ all sides b~ the means ~f ratatin~ ~r m~vinO t~le shippin~ unit. In ad(liti~n t~ irra~i-atinO fr~l the si~es, it is alsa p~ssi~le t~ irra~iate fr~m ab~ve ~r bel~w. A similar appnratus is (lescribetl in, e.~.
D]. 2 14/ ~u~.
Tl~e inner area in th~ center ~ a shil)pirlv unit, whicll has less density than tlle peripheral ar~a, ma~J have difLCrellt Shcl~CS. The sllape ~Ç tlle inller area depends ~n the numl)er ~Ç sides fr~nl WiliC-l the radiati~n enters the ~l~jects t~ be irradiate(l.
F~r ~etter understandin~,:the f~ winO descripti~n assumcs that tllc ~bjects t~ be irra~iated are arranOed in small cart~ns ~n a c~mmcrcial pallet and a l~ng vertical saurce ~f ratliati~n is eln-pl~yed ~r that the sllippin~ unit is c~nte)~ed vertically at s~me p~int. Tlle inner area is c~nsidered empty.
In the case ~f tw~-sided irradiati~ nl~ tw~ walls arc Ç~rmed with these cart~ns wllicll c~nfine the shippill~ unit in thc direc-ti3ll ~f the inc~l~in~ radiati~n.
In tlle case ~f irradiati~n fr~m at least f~ur sides thr~Jugll the lateral surfaces, e.~. thr~ugll the su~erLicics, the cart~ns arc staclce~ t~ f~rm a cl~sed wall ~n all 4 sides.
In the case ~f at least .~ur-si(led irradiati~ll thraugh the lateral surfaces and addti~nal irradiati~n fr~m a~ve and ~el~w, the car-t~ns are stacked in such a manner that a cl~sed inner area is created wllictl is free ~f ~I)jects t~ be irra(lilted. ~rhiS inllcr area is thus c~oll)rised ~f 4 walls, a fl~r an(l a ceilin~. The inner area is created, e.~. in that an empty cart~n is si~pl~
place(l in thc center. The ad~ al irradi;lti~ll fr~;~ a thir~
~, . . .
.
,.- - :, ~ r371~
rncnsi~ll may be r alized by me~ns ~f ~(I(Ii~i~u~] s~urc~s ~f ra~ia-ti~n rJr by tilting the shil)pillg unit.
The si~e ~f the inner area de?ellds ~n the size ~f the shippin~
unit bein~ used, the density ~' the ~bjccts t~ ~e irradiated and tlle penetratisn capacity ~f the ra(liati~r. s~urce being el~pl~ye~, m~re~ver, als~ wlletller the shippinn units are c~nveyed past the radiati~n s~urce in ~ne r~ r t~/~. T~r~ r~s means hereill thai 2 ship~ g units are irradiated in a tandem arrangement.
~n inner area having little density is usually n~t pr~fital)le f~r small shippin~ unit~ an~ lar~e slippin~ ~riits having little density, because irradiati~n cfficiency is re,-luced arl(l ~nly an im-pr~ved d~sage unif~rmity is attaincd. IJhen usinn C~-~O as the s~urce ~f radiati~n and irradiati~n is fr~m 4 directians in a single r~w arrangment, an e~arninati~n is rec~mmended when the density ~f the pr~duct and the thiclcness t~ be irradiatell e~ceecls a value ~f appr~. 10 t~ 20 g/CM2.
The density ~f the inner area may decrease c~ntinually ~r in several steps t~ward the center. This can be achieved in that, e.g.
the same pr~duct is packaged Witil m~re intermcdiate space. Often, h~wever, an abrupt dr~p in density f~r the inner area is m~re practicable, preferably a reductl~n in density t~ a density ~f "O".
The inventi~n ns described by way ~f an illustrative emb~dilllent in figures l t~ 4 as f~ ws:
Fig.l sh~ws a view ~rith a r~d-shape(l radiati~ll s~urce and sevcral shipping UllitS ~E ~l~jects t~ bc irra(liatcd stacked ~n tcl) ~f each ':
.
. ' ~ .
.. , - . . . ..
' 7~9~
~ther.
r:ig. ~ sl~ Js a t~p view ~f l~i~. 1.
Fig. 3 and ~ip,. 4 sll~w the efficiency an(l d~sage unif~r~ity as a functi~n ~f tlle ~ensit~ ~f thc inner urea by ~ay ~f an example.
Fig. 1 illustrates a vertically arranged r~d-shaped C~-60 radia-ti~n s~urce 1, whicll is hangin" ~n a steel r~pe 2. ~s Fig. 2 als~
sh~ws, radiati~n s~Jurce 1 is surr~undc(l by 4 racks 3 having 4 ~,helves each, ~n which pallets 4 having the dimensi~ns~l20xl~cm are placed, WhiCIl are laaded 150CIil higll witll ~b~ects t~ be irra-diated 5 havirlg a (lensity ~f O.G g/cm3. The right si(le ~f ~i~,.l illustrates a cr~ss-secti~n ~f raclc 3 . Objects t~ be irri~di-ated 5 have an inner area 6 having the dilllellsi~ns ~f 60:;GO.~1.5cm, which may be fille~ with a density ran"inO betweell O and O.~O/cm3.
Raclcs 3 stand ~n r~tatblc platf~rms 7, whicll turn 9~ dgrees in 4 intervals f~ wing each l~ading and unl~ading ~f ~bjects t~ be irradiated s~ that ~jects t~ be irrndiuted 5 are unif~rmly irradiated fr~m 4 sides. On the left side ~f Fig. 1 are arr~s in-dicatin~ the manner in which the ~bjects t~ be irradiated may be l~aded and unl~aded. First the b~tt~m shipping unit c~nsistillU
~f a pallet ~ and ~bjects t~ be irradiated S i8 rem~vc(l. The remaining shipping units arethen l~wPred ~nc st~ry. Then an unir-radiated shipping unit may be placed in the t~p silelf wllicll h;ls bec~me empty. The handling ~f ~he ~hipping units is in the statc ~f the art manner ~f c~nveyance tcchn~l~gy.
l'ig. 3 illustrutes the calculatc(l eEEiciency in relutivc units - : -- - . . .
.
-_ 7 ~ 7~
as a Cunctian a} tl1e dnl~sity sE tl-e inl1er arca D fr~m ~l1e i1lus-tratc(l emb~imel1t ùe cribe(l al)~vc. lhe (Icnsitl is giVCI1 in ~-/cm3.
In tl1c case that the density ~f tl~e inner area an-l the (lel1sit;~
~E the ~jects t~ be irra(liate~ in the peripl1eral area are the sa~e 7 = l h~ ~cen assume~ . J .s~ /s that effici~ncy is increasc(i appr~,Y~ 51)/o witl1 a dcl1sity up t~ 0.')~,/CID3 in tlle inner area than witll~ut empl~yini tlle invented pr~Ce.s5. ~rllis IllCallS that witll thc inver1to-l pr~cess 5~, m~re thr~ughput may 1~e attained with the sarme size radiati~rl s~urce and the same radiati~n d~saie.
Fi~. 4 illustrates~a d~sage unif~rr,lity 11 in pr~p~rti~n t~ a d~n-sity ~ the inner are~a D frali1 the f~re~ne illustrative el~b~di-ment. ~I refors herein t~ the rati~ ~E ma~i;nu~1 t~ rninimum radia-ti~n d~sage within a shippill~ unit. Fi~. 4 sh~ws tllat d~sage~ uni-f~r!nity is ~istinctly better ~ en ei~pl~yin~ the invel1ted pr~cess Witl1 little density in tho inner area than Vit}1 fully l~aded pal-lets l1avin~ n~ inl1er area. This b~rdorlil1e casc may be read wl1en the density ~E the inner area is 0.5 n/cm~.
Thus the tw~ essential physical perf~rmance characteristics were sirnultane~usly impr~ved in this illustrativc eml)~dimcnt. It is, h~wcver, already pr~r.~ss wllel1, e.g. ~nly d~sa~e unif~r::1ity i~
impr~vcd. It i~ als~ pr~ress when the slnall Sl1ippil13 uni~J used in the state ~f the art are c~c1~ine(l int~ larger sllippil1g units in ~rder t~ be irradiated ucc~rdin~ t~ the invented pr~cess. In this manner pers~n~el c~sts c~n be reduc~d cal1si(leral~ly.
' ' .
: ~ , ' ' . , -
I'r~ces, f~r the Irrl(liati~n ~f L~r-e Un:its ~f ~I~-jects t~ ~e Irra(Iint:e(l I)V ~ICal]S af I~ni~il1P Ra(li;1t;~11 ;
r;,e invellti~rl re1ates ta a pr~cess ~r the irradiati~n ~f ~bjects t~ be irradiate(l ~ich gamllla ~r X-rays. The illvent-i~n is particu-1ar1y suita~le L~r the irra(liati~n ~f disp~sable healtllcare articles an(l f~(lstuffs ~ ich h;lve tleell assem~1ed in~ 1ar~e shippill~ units. As Icn~wn fr~ the state ~f the art, i~lli7.ill',, racliati~n Call, e.g. destr~y mier~-~rOallis~lls alld h.lrllfu1 insects ~r alter the charclcteristics ~f f~dstuffs ~r f~dller.
~lith increasinO use ~f this teclln~l~gy, the shippillg units t~
be irra~iated grew increasingly larger ~ue t~ m~re rati~nal handlil10. A shipping un-it here~-i[l reLers t~ an arrangel:lellt ~f ~l~jeets t~ ~e irra~iate~ ~hieh are m~ve~ as ~ne ullit withill an irradiati~n apparatus. rypicaL sllippillg units are cart~[ls, erates, I)arre1s ~r ~jects t~ ~e irradiat?(l stac!ce~l ~n pallets.
~lith incre,lsin~ si~e and/~r dellsity the irradi;lti~n bec~mes U;l-even. Tlle irradiatiall effieie!lcy may als~ distinctly decrease as the weigllt ~L the shipl)ing units increases.
Irradiati~n efficiency, ~r f~r sh~rt efficiellcy, reter:, t~ the e::pl~ited part ~f the entire el;litted ra(lilti~n, wllereL)y tllat part ~f the d~sa,,e in the ~I)ject5 t~ l)e irralliatell t~llt lies ~g 17~,~7 ab~ve mi~ ulll d~sage is c~nsi(lere(l n~t e.:?l~ite(l. Illc r~
~f ma~ uri1 t~ l;lillil.~llm d~s.l~e ~!i.tllirl a shippirlg unlt is sclec~e(l as thc dr~ree ~f (l~sa,7e unif~rnlity.
Tlle ~Jbject ~Jr tlle invellti~n is t~ ir.lpr~ve the cfLicienc~ a!l( d~sage uniL~rni~y 1ih(~n large ship~ 7 urlits are em~ ye~
T'ne ~bject ~ the inverlti~n is acc~mplishe(l in that tlle ~bjerts t~ be irradiate(l are arran,7etl in sucll a manner t'~at thc avera gn dcrlsity ill the cellter is less tl1an in the peripi-eral arca a~ld tlle rildi.ati~n enters fr~m at least twc) main directi~ns.
.~ny ty~)e anti shape ~f radiati~ll s~urce o1ay be usc(l. [l~rc~ver, the pr~Jcess is suitable f~Jr every type ~f m~velllellt ~ the ~bjects t~J be irradiated ab~ut ti1e s~urce ~f radiati~tl ~llich is als~
suitable f~r the irratiiati~Jn ~Jf .shipping units havin~ unif~rm dcnsity. '~'here ~lay als~ bc atdditi~nal ~bjertc t~J be irradi.lted between the s~urce ~Jf radiati~n and thc sllip[)ing unit, ~hicll wealens the r~diati~JIl f~r part ~J tile shippill~!7 Ullit ~r the entire shipping unit. Any type ~L shiel(lil1g devices wiiich are intended t~ impr~ve d~Jsage unif~rm:ity may als~ be c~ntinuetl t~ be used.
It is, l~ rt>ver, t~ be n~ted that d~sage unif~rmity is already marlcedly irnpr~ved by the invented pr~Jcess. The effect ~f the shieldincg devices may theref~re be reduc-7(1.
The invented pr~cess is particularly effective ~berl the radiati~n penetrates the ~bjects t~ be irradiated fr~m at least l~ directi~l1s.
Irr~diati~n fr~m 4 directi~Jns may ~ccur in th~t, e.g. a cu~id shippillg unit is turned 90 de,7ress7 eacl1 time. llle radi.lti~n tllcll erltcrs tllc~ jccts t~ be irr.~ tc~(l tlL~u~7!l t ~l C ~ S i (l 7 '; r~ L
i - , 7~9~
of the superflcics. The ~bjccts t~ l)c irradiated may als~ l)e irradiatcd fr~ all directi~lls, e.g. ~y means af c~ntillually r~tating a shipl)inn unit. The invellted pr~cess is, h~-/evcr, n~t limited t~ an irradiati~n fr~D~ all sides b~ the means ~f ratatin~ ~r m~vinO t~le shippin~ unit. In ad(liti~n t~ irra~i-atinO fr~l the si~es, it is alsa p~ssi~le t~ irra~iate fr~m ab~ve ~r bel~w. A similar appnratus is (lescribetl in, e.~.
D]. 2 14/ ~u~.
Tl~e inner area in th~ center ~ a shil)pirlv unit, whicll has less density than tlle peripheral ar~a, ma~J have difLCrellt Shcl~CS. The sllape ~Ç tlle inller area depends ~n the numl)er ~Ç sides fr~nl WiliC-l the radiati~n enters the ~l~jects t~ be irradiate(l.
F~r ~etter understandin~,:the f~ winO descripti~n assumcs that tllc ~bjects t~ be irra~iated are arranOed in small cart~ns ~n a c~mmcrcial pallet and a l~ng vertical saurce ~f ratliati~n is eln-pl~yed ~r that the sllippin~ unit is c~nte)~ed vertically at s~me p~int. Tlle inner area is c~nsidered empty.
In the case ~f tw~-sided irradiati~ nl~ tw~ walls arc Ç~rmed with these cart~ns wllicll c~nfine the shippill~ unit in thc direc-ti3ll ~f the inc~l~in~ radiati~n.
In tlle case ~f irradiati~n fr~m at least f~ur sides thr~Jugll the lateral surfaces, e.~. thr~ugll the su~erLicics, the cart~ns arc staclce~ t~ f~rm a cl~sed wall ~n all 4 sides.
In the case ~f at least .~ur-si(led irradiati~ll thraugh the lateral surfaces and addti~nal irradiati~n fr~m a~ve and ~el~w, the car-t~ns are stacked in such a manner that a cl~sed inner area is created wllictl is free ~f ~I)jects t~ be irra(lilted. ~rhiS inllcr area is thus c~oll)rised ~f 4 walls, a fl~r an(l a ceilin~. The inner area is created, e.~. in that an empty cart~n is si~pl~
place(l in thc center. The ad~ al irradi;lti~ll fr~;~ a thir~
~, . . .
.
,.- - :, ~ r371~
rncnsi~ll may be r alized by me~ns ~f ~(I(Ii~i~u~] s~urc~s ~f ra~ia-ti~n rJr by tilting the shil)pillg unit.
The si~e ~f the inner area de?ellds ~n the size ~f the shippin~
unit bein~ used, the density ~' the ~bjccts t~ ~e irradiated and tlle penetratisn capacity ~f the ra(liati~r. s~urce being el~pl~ye~, m~re~ver, als~ wlletller the shippinn units are c~nveyed past the radiati~n s~urce in ~ne r~ r t~/~. T~r~ r~s means hereill thai 2 ship~ g units are irradiated in a tandem arrangement.
~n inner area having little density is usually n~t pr~fital)le f~r small shippin~ unit~ an~ lar~e slippin~ ~riits having little density, because irradiati~n cfficiency is re,-luced arl(l ~nly an im-pr~ved d~sage unif~rmity is attaincd. IJhen usinn C~-~O as the s~urce ~f radiati~n and irradiati~n is fr~m 4 directians in a single r~w arrangment, an e~arninati~n is rec~mmended when the density ~f the pr~duct and the thiclcness t~ be irradiatell e~ceecls a value ~f appr~. 10 t~ 20 g/CM2.
The density ~f the inner area may decrease c~ntinually ~r in several steps t~ward the center. This can be achieved in that, e.g.
the same pr~duct is packaged Witil m~re intermcdiate space. Often, h~wever, an abrupt dr~p in density f~r the inner area is m~re practicable, preferably a reductl~n in density t~ a density ~f "O".
The inventi~n ns described by way ~f an illustrative emb~dilllent in figures l t~ 4 as f~ ws:
Fig.l sh~ws a view ~rith a r~d-shape(l radiati~ll s~urce and sevcral shipping UllitS ~E ~l~jects t~ bc irra(liatcd stacked ~n tcl) ~f each ':
.
. ' ~ .
.. , - . . . ..
' 7~9~
~ther.
r:ig. ~ sl~ Js a t~p view ~f l~i~. 1.
Fig. 3 and ~ip,. 4 sll~w the efficiency an(l d~sage unif~r~ity as a functi~n ~f tlle ~ensit~ ~f thc inner urea by ~ay ~f an example.
Fig. 1 illustrates a vertically arranged r~d-shaped C~-60 radia-ti~n s~urce 1, whicll is hangin" ~n a steel r~pe 2. ~s Fig. 2 als~
sh~ws, radiati~n s~Jurce 1 is surr~undc(l by 4 racks 3 having 4 ~,helves each, ~n which pallets 4 having the dimensi~ns~l20xl~cm are placed, WhiCIl are laaded 150CIil higll witll ~b~ects t~ be irra-diated 5 havirlg a (lensity ~f O.G g/cm3. The right si(le ~f ~i~,.l illustrates a cr~ss-secti~n ~f raclc 3 . Objects t~ be irri~di-ated 5 have an inner area 6 having the dilllellsi~ns ~f 60:;GO.~1.5cm, which may be fille~ with a density ran"inO betweell O and O.~O/cm3.
Raclcs 3 stand ~n r~tatblc platf~rms 7, whicll turn 9~ dgrees in 4 intervals f~ wing each l~ading and unl~ading ~f ~bjects t~ be irradiated s~ that ~jects t~ be irrndiuted 5 are unif~rmly irradiated fr~m 4 sides. On the left side ~f Fig. 1 are arr~s in-dicatin~ the manner in which the ~bjects t~ be irradiated may be l~aded and unl~aded. First the b~tt~m shipping unit c~nsistillU
~f a pallet ~ and ~bjects t~ be irradiated S i8 rem~vc(l. The remaining shipping units arethen l~wPred ~nc st~ry. Then an unir-radiated shipping unit may be placed in the t~p silelf wllicll h;ls bec~me empty. The handling ~f ~he ~hipping units is in the statc ~f the art manner ~f c~nveyance tcchn~l~gy.
l'ig. 3 illustrutes the calculatc(l eEEiciency in relutivc units - : -- - . . .
.
-_ 7 ~ 7~
as a Cunctian a} tl1e dnl~sity sE tl-e inl1er arca D fr~m ~l1e i1lus-tratc(l emb~imel1t ùe cribe(l al)~vc. lhe (Icnsitl is giVCI1 in ~-/cm3.
In tl1c case that the density ~f tl~e inner area an-l the (lel1sit;~
~E the ~jects t~ be irra(liate~ in the peripl1eral area are the sa~e 7 = l h~ ~cen assume~ . J .s~ /s that effici~ncy is increasc(i appr~,Y~ 51)/o witl1 a dcl1sity up t~ 0.')~,/CID3 in tlle inner area than witll~ut empl~yini tlle invented pr~Ce.s5. ~rllis IllCallS that witll thc inver1to-l pr~cess 5~, m~re thr~ughput may 1~e attained with the sarme size radiati~rl s~urce and the same radiati~n d~saie.
Fi~. 4 illustrates~a d~sage unif~rr,lity 11 in pr~p~rti~n t~ a d~n-sity ~ the inner are~a D frali1 the f~re~ne illustrative el~b~di-ment. ~I refors herein t~ the rati~ ~E ma~i;nu~1 t~ rninimum radia-ti~n d~sage within a shippill~ unit. Fi~. 4 sh~ws tllat d~sage~ uni-f~r!nity is ~istinctly better ~ en ei~pl~yin~ the invel1ted pr~cess Witl1 little density in tho inner area than Vit}1 fully l~aded pal-lets l1avin~ n~ inl1er area. This b~rdorlil1e casc may be read wl1en the density ~E the inner area is 0.5 n/cm~.
Thus the tw~ essential physical perf~rmance characteristics were sirnultane~usly impr~ved in this illustrativc eml)~dimcnt. It is, h~wcver, already pr~r.~ss wllel1, e.g. ~nly d~sa~e unif~r::1ity i~
impr~vcd. It i~ als~ pr~ress when the slnall Sl1ippil13 uni~J used in the state ~f the art are c~c1~ine(l int~ larger sllippil1g units in ~rder t~ be irradiated ucc~rdin~ t~ the invented pr~cess. In this manner pers~n~el c~sts c~n be reduc~d cal1si(leral~ly.
' ' .
: ~ , ' ' . , -
Claims (5)
1. A process for the irradiation of objects to be irradiated which has been combined into shipping units, wherein the objects to be irradiated of a shipping unit are arranged in such a manner that an area of less density is created in the center of the shipping unit than in the peripheral area and that radiation enters from at least two main directions.
2. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the objects to be irradiated are arranged in such a manner that the density in the center is from 0% to 100% less than in the peripheral area.
3. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the objects are to be irradiated are arranged in such a manner that they have a radial density gradient.
4. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein radiation enters the objects to be irradiated from at least four main directions.
5. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein radiation enters the objects to be irradiated from at least four main directions and two additional directions which stand vertically in relating to the other main directions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19853533826 DE3533826A1 (en) | 1985-09-23 | 1985-09-23 | METHOD FOR RADIATION OF LARGE RADIATION UNITS BY MEANS OF IONIZING RADIATION |
| DEP3533826.1 | 1985-09-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1287191C true CA1287191C (en) | 1991-07-30 |
Family
ID=6281665
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000518716A Expired - Lifetime CA1287191C (en) | 1985-09-23 | 1986-09-22 | Process for the irradiation of large units of objects to be irradiated by means of ionizing radiation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0238568B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1287191C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3533826A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1987001862A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6763085B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2004-07-13 | Cleaner Food, Inc. | Irradiation apparatus and method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19650842A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-05-28 | Gamma Service Produktbestrahlu | Gamma irradiation plant transport system conveying products on pallets in carriages |
| DE19650845A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-05-28 | Gamma Service Produktbestrahlu | Safety system for continuously- or intermittently-operated gamma ray sterilisation plant |
| EP1459770A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-22 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Process and apparatus for irradiating product pallets |
| EP1464343A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2004-10-06 | Ion Beam Applications | Apparatus and process for irradiating product pallets |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH524392A (en) * | 1970-06-04 | 1972-06-30 | Sulzer Ag | Container for holding an item to be irradiated |
| CH547608A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1974-04-11 | Sulzer Ag | IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR IRRADIATION OF GOODS PACKED IN PACKAGES. |
| DE2358652C3 (en) * | 1973-11-24 | 1979-07-19 | Karl-Heinz 6233 Kelkheim Tetzlaff | Irradiation device for the uniform irradiation of items to be irradiated by means of electromagnetic radiation of more than 5 keV energy |
| DE2501381C2 (en) * | 1975-01-15 | 1982-06-24 | Karl-Heinz 6233 Kelkheim Tetzlaff | Process for irradiating objects or goods in a gamma irradiation system |
-
1985
- 1985-09-23 DE DE19853533826 patent/DE3533826A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-09-22 CA CA000518716A patent/CA1287191C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-23 EP EP19860905725 patent/EP0238568B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-23 WO PCT/DE1986/000393 patent/WO1987001862A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-09-23 DE DE8686905725T patent/DE3685108D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6763085B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2004-07-13 | Cleaner Food, Inc. | Irradiation apparatus and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0238568A1 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| EP0238568B1 (en) | 1992-04-29 |
| WO1987001862A1 (en) | 1987-03-26 |
| DE3685108D1 (en) | 1992-06-04 |
| DE3533826A1 (en) | 1987-04-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1287191C (en) | Process for the irradiation of large units of objects to be irradiated by means of ionizing radiation | |
| Hsu | On global stability of a predator-prey system | |
| US3281307A (en) | Packing | |
| HUP0203308A2 (en) | Storage container for radioactive materials | |
| CA2100734A1 (en) | Heat Exchanger for Dusty Environment | |
| US5235239A (en) | Window construction for a particle accelerator | |
| MX9203933A (en) | REACTOR SYSTEM FOR VINYL CHLORIDE SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION. | |
| US4241349A (en) | Apparatus for disposing corner cube reflector for detection | |
| Nyblom | Note on interpolated order statistics | |
| DE3467399D1 (en) | Segmental baffle high performance shell and tube heat exchanger | |
| FR2676992B3 (en) | HANDLING AND STORAGE BOX. | |
| GB2021970A (en) | Packing body | |
| KR20040054718A (en) | Object distribution | |
| US20230018325A1 (en) | Lighting apparatus including a sound dampening baffle assembly and a sound dampening baffle assembly for a lighting apparatus | |
| AR010578A4 (en) | STACKABLE TUBULAR METALLIC STRUCTURE TO HANG A LARGE SIZE BAG | |
| FI72080C (en) | UPPHAENGNINGSFAESTE AV FOERVARINGSROER FOER DOKUMENT. | |
| DEJONGE | Analysis of ordering scheme for the unknowns during the solving of geodetic least squares systems | |
| OXLEY | Partial support for the 22 nd Southeastern International Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computing(Final Report, 1 Oct. 1990- 30 Sep. 1991) | |
| FR2707386B1 (en) | Captive drone aerial observation system. | |
| Jin | Hazardous materials routing: A probabilistic perspective. | |
| FR2649781B1 (en) | VENTILATION AND COOLING DEVICE FOR CASSETTE SUPPORT OF UV TRANSMITTERS | |
| Walsh | Optimum ammunition properties for salvos | |
| SU985855A1 (en) | Microwave attenuator | |
| KR840006315A (en) | Pellets and containers for transportation | |
| ES1017974Y (en) | OSCILLATING VENTILATION DEVICE FOR FARMS AND INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSES. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |