CA1290841C - Electromagnetic identification system - Google Patents
Electromagnetic identification systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1290841C CA1290841C CA000535272A CA535272A CA1290841C CA 1290841 C CA1290841 C CA 1290841C CA 000535272 A CA000535272 A CA 000535272A CA 535272 A CA535272 A CA 535272A CA 1290841 C CA1290841 C CA 1290841C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- interrogation field
- code
- responder
- transmitter
- identification system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10029—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
- G06K7/10039—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot interrogator driven, i.e. synchronous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains
- B61L25/04—Indicating or recording train identities
- B61L25/043—Indicating or recording train identities using inductive tags
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
Abstract
Title: Electromagnetic identification system.
ABSTRACT:
An electromagnetic identification system of the kind comprising a transmitter for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone, at least one passive responder capable of disturbing said interrogation field, and detection means for detecting a disturbance of the interrogation field caused by a responder. The responders comprise a single receiver circuit which in response to an interrogation field, via rectifier means, can supply energy to active digital encoding means comprising a binary-code defining means, and the encoding means is arranged, in operation, through a switch means, to vary the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit in the rhythm of the binary code to generate a code signal that is detect-able by the detection means. The encoding means is arranged to control the switch member during pre-determined periods of time for varying the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit. The pre-determined periods of time alter-nate with intervals during which the electrical character-istics of the receiver circuit are not affected. According to the present invention, the encoding means comprise a de-coding section which in response to a modulation of the interrogation field can, at least in part, change the binary code defined by the code-defining means, and there is provided a transmitter comprising a programmer for pro-viding such modulation. The transmitter is arranged, in operation, to generate a modulated interrogation field during said predetermined intervals.
ABSTRACT:
An electromagnetic identification system of the kind comprising a transmitter for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone, at least one passive responder capable of disturbing said interrogation field, and detection means for detecting a disturbance of the interrogation field caused by a responder. The responders comprise a single receiver circuit which in response to an interrogation field, via rectifier means, can supply energy to active digital encoding means comprising a binary-code defining means, and the encoding means is arranged, in operation, through a switch means, to vary the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit in the rhythm of the binary code to generate a code signal that is detect-able by the detection means. The encoding means is arranged to control the switch member during pre-determined periods of time for varying the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit. The pre-determined periods of time alter-nate with intervals during which the electrical character-istics of the receiver circuit are not affected. According to the present invention, the encoding means comprise a de-coding section which in response to a modulation of the interrogation field can, at least in part, change the binary code defined by the code-defining means, and there is provided a transmitter comprising a programmer for pro-viding such modulation. The transmitter is arranged, in operation, to generate a modulated interrogation field during said predetermined intervals.
Description
This invention relates to an electromagnetic identification system.
Electromagnetic identification systems of the kind to which the invention relates are disclosed in, for example, applicant's Netherlands Patent No. 176,404 granted September 12, 1~87 and in U.S. Patent No. 4,333,072, issued June 1, 1982 to Beigel.
These prior electromagnetic identification systems comprise a transmitter for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone, at least one passive responder capable of disturbing said interrogation field, and detection means for detecting a diskurbance of the interrogation field caused by a responder, the responders comprising a single receiver circuit which in response to an interrogation -field, via rectifier means, can supply energy to active digital encoding means comprising a binary-code defining means, said encoding means being arranged, in operation, through a switch means, to vary the electrical characteristics of said receiver circuit in the rhythm of the binary code to generate a code signal that is detectable by said detection means, said encoding means being arranged to control the switch member during pre-determined periods of time for varying the electrical characteristics of said receiver circuit, which pre-determined periods of time alternate with intervals during which the elec-trical characteristics of the receiver circuit are not affected.
rn/~
It is also known for the encoded responders of an electromagnetic identification system to be arranged so that, after the actual production process of the responder, the code of each responder can, at least in part, be proyrammed or re-programmed. In the past, for example, it has been proposed for the responders to be arranged so that the desired code can be programmed in the responder by breaking certain electrical connections mechanically from the outside.
It has also been proposed to make use of fusible links, which can be selectively broken by the wireless supply of sufficient energy.
Furthermore, it has been proposed in general, for example, in German Patent Application 3,412,610, German Patent Application 3,412,588, and the International Patent Application W0 86/00498 published January 30, 1986 in the name of Paalman, -to use a memory means in a coded responder, in which data can be stored or changed by wireless means.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a practical technique for programming or re-programming the code of a responder of an electromagnetic identification system of the kind in which, in operation, the responders generate a code signal with intervals.
For this purpose, according to the present invention, an electromagnetic identification system of the above kind is characterized in that said encoding means comprise a rn/J t ~.;29~
decoding section which, in response to a modulation of the interrogation field, can, at least in part, change the binary code defined by said code-defining means, and that there is provided a transmitter comprising a programmer for providing such modulation, said transmitter being arranged, in operation, to generate a modulated interroga-tion field during said predetermined intervals.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accom~-anyingdrawings, in which:
Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows one example of a prior art identification system;
Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows one embodiment of an ; identification system according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows signal distortion occurring in the identification system as shown in Fig. 2;
and Fig. 4 diagrammatically shows a variant of a responder for an identification system according to the present in-~ention.
Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows an example of a prior art identification system comprising a transmitter l which by means of an aerial 2 can generate an interrogation field in a detection zone. Furthermore, detection means 3 are provided which, in this example, are connected to the same aerial as the transmitter, and can detect the field disturbance caused by a responder 4 present in the detec-tion zone.
~ æ~
Responder 4 comprises a receiver circuit 5, which in this example is a tuned resonance circuit LC, but may alter-natively be a wide band circuit or an aerial, if desired.
Via a rectifier 6, shown diagrammatically, receiver circuit 5 provides supply energy to digi-tal encoding means 7 when the responder is in an interrogation field. Further-more, a buffer capacitor ~ is provided. The encoding means in operation provide a binary code signal that is unique for the responder in question or for the group to which the responder belongs. The code signal controls a switch member 9, for example, a transistor. The switch member affects the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit 5 in the rhythm of tha code signal. Thus, for example, the resonance frequency can be changed by short-circuiting a coil or capacitor forming part of the circuit.In the example shown, the receiver circuit is short-circuited via a resistor 10 in the rhythm of the code.
As, during the short-circuiting of the receiver circuit 5, the voltage provided by the rectifier falls off, at least in part, the responder is arranged so that the switch means can only affect the receiver circuit during certain periods of time. These periods of time alternate with pre-determined intervals during which the switch means is not energized. During these intervals, the buffer capacitor 8 can be fully charged again.
According to the present invention, these intervals can be utilized to advantage for sending out the informa-~ ~9~
tion required for programming or re-programming the code of a responder, defined by a code defining means or memory of the encoding means.
For this purpose, the code defining means should naturally be re-programmable, at least in part. Such a code defining means may, for example, comprise a RAM or, for example, an-E(E)PROM. In the case of a RAM, an auxiliary battery is often required.
Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows an example of an iden-tification system according to the present invention, arranged so that the code of a responder can be programmed or changed, at least in part, after the actual production process. Similar parts are designated by the same reference numerals as used in Fig. 1.
The transmitter 1 now comprises a programmer 21, by means of which the interrogation field can be modulated during the pre-determined intervals in which the switch means 9 is not operative.
The modulated signal is supplied by the receiver circuit 5, which in this example only comprises a coil L, to the encoding means 7, via a line 22. The encoding means ; now comprise a decoding section 23, which decodes the sig-nal received and, with the signals thus obtained, changes the contents of the code defining means 24.
In order to ensure that the modulation of the inter-rogation field endangers the provision ofenergy to the active responder circuits as little as possible, the trans--mission energy is preferably set as high as possible during the (re~programming of the responder. For this purpose the transmitter is provided with adjusting means 25, shown diagrammatically, by means of which the energy transmitted by the transmitter through aerial 2 can be adjusted.
In order to determine the optimum transmission energy level for the (re)programming, the transmission energy is gradually increased from a low value. At a certain thres-hold value, the supply voltage across the buffer capacitor 8 in a responder being programmed will reach such a level that the Zener diode 26, which for security reasons will often be present anyway, becomes operative. At that moment there will be a sudden change in the amount of field energy absorbed by the responder. Such a leapwise change can be detected in a simple manner by detection means 3. The trans-mitter can then be adjusted, for example automatically through a line 27, to a level at which the Zener diode 26 is just not operative.
If desired, the transmitter can be arranged so that after energizing the programmer 21, the variation of the transmission energy and the subsequent adjustment of the optimum transmission energy level take place fully auto-matically.
Fig. 3 shows, at a , the signal across the receiver circuit of a responder during normal operation and, at b , during the (re)programming. Fig. 3a shows two periodsof time CI, during which a responder generates a coded signal ~ 29~
in an interrogation field. The periods of time CI alternate with pre-determined intervals P, during which energy is transferred only.
Fig. 3b shows that, in the intervals P, the signal is modulated for (re)programming a responder in the inter-vals P. As stated before, the transmission energy is then set at an optimum value. In addition, the programmer is preferably arranged so that the modulation depth caused by the programmer does not exceed a pre-determined vaLue, e.g., 50% of the amplitude.
Besides by means of detection of the field absorption, the transmission of the encoded information from the res-ponder can also be effected by switching from transmission to receiving, and this at the same frequency, in the periods of time CI in which this transfer is to take place. For this purpose, the coil or aerial of the transmitter can be switched to a receiver in these periods. Also, of course, use can be made of a receiver with its own coil or aerial.
To enable this form of transfer, which has the ad-vantage of being less sensitive to in~erference as a resultof, for example, the ~ese~e of metal, the electric circuit in the responder has to provide itself for the transfer signal with the correct frequency in the periods of time in which no transmission signal is present. Depending on the amount of energy in the energy buffer, this can also comprise a plurality of time zones.
Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically a responder suitable for this purpose. The receiver circuit of the responder is connected to an amplifier circuit 40, so that, upon receiving a signal from the transmitter this amplifier circuit passively follows the phase of the transmission signal presented, but when the transmission field drops out will begin to actively oscillate at the same frequency.
The transfer of the coded information from the res-ponder to the transceiver can then take place in the same manner as in the transfer through modulation of the field absorption, namely, by modulating the electrical character-istics of the receiver circuit in the responder. Also, to save energy, an inhibit line 42 could be provided in the amplifier, for example, by giving it the form of a so-called "NAND" gate. This last is especially of importance if a battery is added to increase the detection range.
It is observed that, after reading the above, various modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Thus, a responder could be arranged so that only a portion of the code can later be changed. If desired, a portion of the code defining means or memory can be used to indicate that in this portion and/or another portion the code must not be changed. Also, a responder can be arranged so that a portion of the code stored in the code defining means can be varied under the influence of signals from one or more sensors coupled to the responder. These may be, for example, sensors for physical or ~bio)chemical parameters, such as blood pressure, temperature, pressure, ~ 2~
. . .
heartrate,eye pressure, concentration of certain substances, etc. Such modifications are to be considered to be within the scope o the present invention.
* *
Electromagnetic identification systems of the kind to which the invention relates are disclosed in, for example, applicant's Netherlands Patent No. 176,404 granted September 12, 1~87 and in U.S. Patent No. 4,333,072, issued June 1, 1982 to Beigel.
These prior electromagnetic identification systems comprise a transmitter for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone, at least one passive responder capable of disturbing said interrogation field, and detection means for detecting a diskurbance of the interrogation field caused by a responder, the responders comprising a single receiver circuit which in response to an interrogation -field, via rectifier means, can supply energy to active digital encoding means comprising a binary-code defining means, said encoding means being arranged, in operation, through a switch means, to vary the electrical characteristics of said receiver circuit in the rhythm of the binary code to generate a code signal that is detectable by said detection means, said encoding means being arranged to control the switch member during pre-determined periods of time for varying the electrical characteristics of said receiver circuit, which pre-determined periods of time alternate with intervals during which the elec-trical characteristics of the receiver circuit are not affected.
rn/~
It is also known for the encoded responders of an electromagnetic identification system to be arranged so that, after the actual production process of the responder, the code of each responder can, at least in part, be proyrammed or re-programmed. In the past, for example, it has been proposed for the responders to be arranged so that the desired code can be programmed in the responder by breaking certain electrical connections mechanically from the outside.
It has also been proposed to make use of fusible links, which can be selectively broken by the wireless supply of sufficient energy.
Furthermore, it has been proposed in general, for example, in German Patent Application 3,412,610, German Patent Application 3,412,588, and the International Patent Application W0 86/00498 published January 30, 1986 in the name of Paalman, -to use a memory means in a coded responder, in which data can be stored or changed by wireless means.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a practical technique for programming or re-programming the code of a responder of an electromagnetic identification system of the kind in which, in operation, the responders generate a code signal with intervals.
For this purpose, according to the present invention, an electromagnetic identification system of the above kind is characterized in that said encoding means comprise a rn/J t ~.;29~
decoding section which, in response to a modulation of the interrogation field, can, at least in part, change the binary code defined by said code-defining means, and that there is provided a transmitter comprising a programmer for providing such modulation, said transmitter being arranged, in operation, to generate a modulated interroga-tion field during said predetermined intervals.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accom~-anyingdrawings, in which:
Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows one example of a prior art identification system;
Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows one embodiment of an ; identification system according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows signal distortion occurring in the identification system as shown in Fig. 2;
and Fig. 4 diagrammatically shows a variant of a responder for an identification system according to the present in-~ention.
Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows an example of a prior art identification system comprising a transmitter l which by means of an aerial 2 can generate an interrogation field in a detection zone. Furthermore, detection means 3 are provided which, in this example, are connected to the same aerial as the transmitter, and can detect the field disturbance caused by a responder 4 present in the detec-tion zone.
~ æ~
Responder 4 comprises a receiver circuit 5, which in this example is a tuned resonance circuit LC, but may alter-natively be a wide band circuit or an aerial, if desired.
Via a rectifier 6, shown diagrammatically, receiver circuit 5 provides supply energy to digi-tal encoding means 7 when the responder is in an interrogation field. Further-more, a buffer capacitor ~ is provided. The encoding means in operation provide a binary code signal that is unique for the responder in question or for the group to which the responder belongs. The code signal controls a switch member 9, for example, a transistor. The switch member affects the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit 5 in the rhythm of tha code signal. Thus, for example, the resonance frequency can be changed by short-circuiting a coil or capacitor forming part of the circuit.In the example shown, the receiver circuit is short-circuited via a resistor 10 in the rhythm of the code.
As, during the short-circuiting of the receiver circuit 5, the voltage provided by the rectifier falls off, at least in part, the responder is arranged so that the switch means can only affect the receiver circuit during certain periods of time. These periods of time alternate with pre-determined intervals during which the switch means is not energized. During these intervals, the buffer capacitor 8 can be fully charged again.
According to the present invention, these intervals can be utilized to advantage for sending out the informa-~ ~9~
tion required for programming or re-programming the code of a responder, defined by a code defining means or memory of the encoding means.
For this purpose, the code defining means should naturally be re-programmable, at least in part. Such a code defining means may, for example, comprise a RAM or, for example, an-E(E)PROM. In the case of a RAM, an auxiliary battery is often required.
Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows an example of an iden-tification system according to the present invention, arranged so that the code of a responder can be programmed or changed, at least in part, after the actual production process. Similar parts are designated by the same reference numerals as used in Fig. 1.
The transmitter 1 now comprises a programmer 21, by means of which the interrogation field can be modulated during the pre-determined intervals in which the switch means 9 is not operative.
The modulated signal is supplied by the receiver circuit 5, which in this example only comprises a coil L, to the encoding means 7, via a line 22. The encoding means ; now comprise a decoding section 23, which decodes the sig-nal received and, with the signals thus obtained, changes the contents of the code defining means 24.
In order to ensure that the modulation of the inter-rogation field endangers the provision ofenergy to the active responder circuits as little as possible, the trans--mission energy is preferably set as high as possible during the (re~programming of the responder. For this purpose the transmitter is provided with adjusting means 25, shown diagrammatically, by means of which the energy transmitted by the transmitter through aerial 2 can be adjusted.
In order to determine the optimum transmission energy level for the (re)programming, the transmission energy is gradually increased from a low value. At a certain thres-hold value, the supply voltage across the buffer capacitor 8 in a responder being programmed will reach such a level that the Zener diode 26, which for security reasons will often be present anyway, becomes operative. At that moment there will be a sudden change in the amount of field energy absorbed by the responder. Such a leapwise change can be detected in a simple manner by detection means 3. The trans-mitter can then be adjusted, for example automatically through a line 27, to a level at which the Zener diode 26 is just not operative.
If desired, the transmitter can be arranged so that after energizing the programmer 21, the variation of the transmission energy and the subsequent adjustment of the optimum transmission energy level take place fully auto-matically.
Fig. 3 shows, at a , the signal across the receiver circuit of a responder during normal operation and, at b , during the (re)programming. Fig. 3a shows two periodsof time CI, during which a responder generates a coded signal ~ 29~
in an interrogation field. The periods of time CI alternate with pre-determined intervals P, during which energy is transferred only.
Fig. 3b shows that, in the intervals P, the signal is modulated for (re)programming a responder in the inter-vals P. As stated before, the transmission energy is then set at an optimum value. In addition, the programmer is preferably arranged so that the modulation depth caused by the programmer does not exceed a pre-determined vaLue, e.g., 50% of the amplitude.
Besides by means of detection of the field absorption, the transmission of the encoded information from the res-ponder can also be effected by switching from transmission to receiving, and this at the same frequency, in the periods of time CI in which this transfer is to take place. For this purpose, the coil or aerial of the transmitter can be switched to a receiver in these periods. Also, of course, use can be made of a receiver with its own coil or aerial.
To enable this form of transfer, which has the ad-vantage of being less sensitive to in~erference as a resultof, for example, the ~ese~e of metal, the electric circuit in the responder has to provide itself for the transfer signal with the correct frequency in the periods of time in which no transmission signal is present. Depending on the amount of energy in the energy buffer, this can also comprise a plurality of time zones.
Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically a responder suitable for this purpose. The receiver circuit of the responder is connected to an amplifier circuit 40, so that, upon receiving a signal from the transmitter this amplifier circuit passively follows the phase of the transmission signal presented, but when the transmission field drops out will begin to actively oscillate at the same frequency.
The transfer of the coded information from the res-ponder to the transceiver can then take place in the same manner as in the transfer through modulation of the field absorption, namely, by modulating the electrical character-istics of the receiver circuit in the responder. Also, to save energy, an inhibit line 42 could be provided in the amplifier, for example, by giving it the form of a so-called "NAND" gate. This last is especially of importance if a battery is added to increase the detection range.
It is observed that, after reading the above, various modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Thus, a responder could be arranged so that only a portion of the code can later be changed. If desired, a portion of the code defining means or memory can be used to indicate that in this portion and/or another portion the code must not be changed. Also, a responder can be arranged so that a portion of the code stored in the code defining means can be varied under the influence of signals from one or more sensors coupled to the responder. These may be, for example, sensors for physical or ~bio)chemical parameters, such as blood pressure, temperature, pressure, ~ 2~
. . .
heartrate,eye pressure, concentration of certain substances, etc. Such modifications are to be considered to be within the scope o the present invention.
* *
Claims (11)
1. An electromagnetic identification system comprising a transmitter for generating an electromagnetic interrogation field in a detection zone, at least one passive responder capable of disturbing said interrogation field, and detection means for detecting a disturbance of the interrogation field caused by a responder, each responder comprising a single receiver circuit which in response to an interrogation field, via rectifier means, supplies energy to active digital encoding means comprising a binary-code defining means, said encoding means being arranged, in operation, through a switch means, to vary the electrical characteristics of said receiver circuit in accordance with the binary-code to generate a code signal that is detectable by said detection means, the control of the switch means by the encoding means occurring during pre-determined periods of time to vary the electrical characteristics of said receiver circuit, which pre-determined periods of time alternate with intervals during which the electrical characteristics of the receiver circuit are not varied, characterized in that said encoding means comprise a decoding section which in response to a modulation of the interrogation field can, at least in part, change the binary-code defined by said code-defining means and the system includes a transmitter comprising a programmer for providing such modulation, said last-mentioned transmitter being arranged to generate a modulated interrogation field during said intervals.
2. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter comprising a programmer is the same transmitter which generates an interrogation field in a detection zone.
3. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter comprising the programmer comprises adjusting means for varying the energy transmitted, the responder comprising a Zener diode which limits the supply voltage provided by the rectifier means to a pre-determined threshold value, and the adjusting means being arranged to adjust the energy transmitted to an energy level corresponding to said pre-determined threshold value of the supply voltage during programming.
4. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the programmer is arranged, starting from the energy level corresponding to the predetermined threshold value of the supply voltage, to effect an amplitude modulation of the interrogation field with a modulation depth not exceeding a pre-determined maximum value.
5. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the detection means are arranged, upon variation of the energy transmitted, to detect a sudden change of the amount of energy absorbed by a responder, and to provide a corresponding signal to the adjusting means.
6. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the binary-code defining means comprises an EEPROM.
7. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter is arranged to intermittently generate an interrogation field and that the responders ar arranged to generate a coded signal after the interrogation field ceases.
8. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that said responders are provided with an amplifier which after the interrogation field ceases, together with the receiver circuit, forms an oscillator attuned to the frequency of the interrogation field to extract energy from an energy buffer provided in said responder.
9. An electromagnetic identification system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said amplifier comprises an inhibit input that is energized so long as the responder extracts energy from the receiver circuit.
10. A responder for use in an electromagnetic identification system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
11. A method of programming the code of a coded responder which forms part of an electromagnetic identification system and is arranged to derive energy from an interrogation field through rectifier means and a voltage limiter, and in response to the interrogation field to generate a code signal during pre-determined periods of time alternating with time intervals, said code signal being in accordance with a digital code defined by a programmable code defining means forming part of active digital coding means including a decoding section in the responder, characterized in that a transmitter for generating the interrogation field is provided with a programmer for modulating said interrogation field; the energy transmitted by the transmitter is varied and the energy level at which a sudden increase in the energy absorbed by the responder is detected; the transmitter is then adjusted to an energy level corresponding to the detected energy level at least during the intervals when the responder does not generate a code signal; and that subsequently, during the intervals, the programmer is energized to modulate the interrogation field in accordance with a desired code, which code is decoded by the decoding section and written into the code defining means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8601021 | 1986-04-22 | ||
| NL8601021A NL8601021A (en) | 1986-04-22 | 1986-04-22 | PROGRAMMABLE RESPONDER. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1290841C true CA1290841C (en) | 1991-10-15 |
Family
ID=19847916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000535272A Expired - Fee Related CA1290841C (en) | 1986-04-22 | 1987-04-22 | Electromagnetic identification system |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5105190A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0242906B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JPH0691484B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE69517T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU589765B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1290841C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3774473D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK205387A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2027276T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL82299A0 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8601021A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO871647L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ220034A (en) |
Families Citing this family (115)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU589765B2 (en) | 1989-10-19 |
| EP0242906B1 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
| JPH0761032B2 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| DK205387A (en) | 1987-10-23 |
| ES2027276T3 (en) | 1992-06-01 |
| US5105190A (en) | 1992-04-14 |
| NO871647L (en) | 1987-10-23 |
| JPS62289023A (en) | 1987-12-15 |
| DK205387D0 (en) | 1987-04-22 |
| NZ220034A (en) | 1990-06-26 |
| EP0242906A1 (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| DE3774473D1 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
| JPH05347572A (en) | 1993-12-27 |
| NL8601021A (en) | 1987-11-16 |
| AU7185587A (en) | 1987-10-29 |
| ATE69517T1 (en) | 1991-11-15 |
| IL82299A0 (en) | 1987-10-30 |
| JPH0691484B2 (en) | 1994-11-14 |
| NO871647D0 (en) | 1987-04-21 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |