CA1296921C - Apparatus for the noninvasive determination and acoustical representation of the dynamic behavior of peripheral venous hemodynamic - Google Patents
Apparatus for the noninvasive determination and acoustical representation of the dynamic behavior of peripheral venous hemodynamicInfo
- Publication number
- CA1296921C CA1296921C CA000532249A CA532249A CA1296921C CA 1296921 C CA1296921 C CA 1296921C CA 000532249 A CA000532249 A CA 000532249A CA 532249 A CA532249 A CA 532249A CA 1296921 C CA1296921 C CA 1296921C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- measuring
- succession
- tones
- signal
- inflow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000000004 hemodynamic effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCN)=C(OC)C=C1Br YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000545067 Venus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150093411 ZNF143 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001020 rhythmical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings includes at least one light transmitter for directing light onto the skin of the subject under test and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected radiation and an evaluation and read-out circuit for ascertaining the temporal course of the blood outflow or inflow in the veins by measuring the changes in light reflection. The evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer that emits a first signal to indicate readiness of the apparatus to effect measurement, a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of the blood outflow or inflow, and a third signal which indicates the end of the measuring.
A measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings includes at least one light transmitter for directing light onto the skin of the subject under test and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected radiation and an evaluation and read-out circuit for ascertaining the temporal course of the blood outflow or inflow in the veins by measuring the changes in light reflection. The evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer that emits a first signal to indicate readiness of the apparatus to effect measurement, a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of the blood outflow or inflow, and a third signal which indicates the end of the measuring.
Description
The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral blood outflow and flow disturbances in the extremiti~s of human beings.
Measuring devices of this type are disclosed for instance, in German Patent No. 31 00 610.8 and German Patent No. 33 18 746Ø In the measuring device disclosed in German Patent No. 31 00 610.8, the temporal course of the reflected or dispersed back part of the radiation is evaluated in an analog manner and recorded by means of a recording device. In the measuring device disclosed in German Patent No. 33 18 746.0, the analog signal is translated or converted into a digital signal by means of a transmission-reception data connection point circuit and transferred to a calculator device. The calculator device calculates the physical rating parameters for the analog light reflection curves. This measuring device is, accordingly, particularly suitable for conducting and evaluating a test series.
Both prior art measuring devices share the drawback that they cannot easily be constructed as handy, portable apparatus: neither the recording device described in German Patent No. 31 00 610.8 nor the common micro-computer with floppy disk drives, etc. described in German 25 Patent No. 33 18 746.0 can be miniaturized to the extent that they can be readily fabricated into a portable apparatus. Moreover, the power consumption of the prior art measuring devices is too great for portable apparatuses.
It is especially disadvantageous with regard to the prior art measuring devices that the operating staff determines the commencement and the termination of each measurement, thereby making subjective measurement errors possible.
An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of 1 ~t`~
peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, which can also be constructed as a portable, hand-held apparatus.
Accordingly, the invention provides a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, having at least one light transmitter and one light receiver as well as an evaluation and read-out unit to ascertain the temporal course of the outflow and inflow of blood in the veins by means of measuring the change in light reflection, whereby said evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer for emitting a first signal to indicate that the apparatus is ready to measure, a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of blood outflow or inflow, and a third signal, which indicates the end of the measurement.
The present invention is thus based on the fundamental idea that the evaluation circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and the read-out of the measuring results is provided by means of an electroacoustic transducer. In this manner, it is possible to construct the measuring apparatus of the present invention as a compact and light-weight apparatus having low-power consumption requirements. The physician can easily carry the apparatus of the present invention around with him, by way of example, during an activity program in which physical exercises, etc. are performed and is able with little effort to examine the inflow or outflow of the veins immediately following the exercises, whereby the evaluation and read-out circuit emits a first signal which, by way of illustration, is an optical attention-attracting signal or, more preferably, an audible sound indicating to the examining individual that the apparatus is ready to measure and also provide a value representative of constant quiescent blood circulation of the skin. The actual measuring result, i.e. the measured light reflection is represented by a second succession of audible tones, the frequency of which follows the change in intensity of the light reflection, e.g. as a result of leg movements, until the blood outflow or inflow terminates. The end of the measurement, i.e., the return of a constant skin circulation following the executed movement, is indicated by a third signal, again preferably by a third audible tone or by a third succession of tones or even, for example, the end of the tone.
The acoustical read-out of the measuring results makes it possible for the examining individual to analyze the outflow or inflow of the veins or arteries and to detect abnormal changes, etc. with unexpected reliability.
It is, moreover, possible to use the tone generator and the electro-acoustic transducer, e.g., a loudspeaker, provided according to the invention, to support the activity program of the examining individual, by way of example, by means of a rhythmic succession of tones. of course, it is possible to select from different successions of tones to support different activity programs.
The apparatus of the present invention can, by way of illustration, calibrate itself, whereby energy applied to the light transmitter or transmitters is continuously raised until the signal measured by the light receiver or receivers has attained a specific signal-to-noise interval.
The first tone, indicating the commencement of readiness to measure, can then be emitted following termination of the self-calibration cycle.
The apparatus of the present invention can, of course, also be provided with a memory as well as a data output port. The measurement results can be stored in the memory and subsequently be transferred to another 12~
evaluation instrument. Naturally, it is also possible to transfer the measurement results and/or evaluation-results during the measurement via a data line to another evaluation instrument, by way of illustr~tion, a microcomputer or a printer.
The present invention provides a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, having at least one light transmitter for directing light onto the skin of a human being and one light receiver for sensing light reflected therefrom as well as an evaluation and read-out circuit to ascertain the temporal course of the blood outflow or inflow in the veins by measuring the changes in light reflection. The invented apparatus distinguishes itself in that the evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer and emits a first signal to indicate readiness of the apparatus to effect measurement; a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of the blood outflow or inflow; and a third signal which indicates the end of the measuring sequence.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like parts are designated by like reference characters, and in which:
Figure 1 illustrates an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in schematic form connected to a human subject;
Figure 2 depicts a block diagram of an evaluation and read-out circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 3a and 3b illustrate a representation of the measurement results selected in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
,~
Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the read-out of the acoustical representation of Figure 3, and Figure 5 illustrates an additional variation of the acoustical representation of Figures 4a and 4b.
As shown in schematic form in Figure 1, a measuring apparatus 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is constructed as a small, portable apparatus. The measuring apparatus 1 is provided with an electro-acoustic transducer 3, by way of illustration, a loudspeaker, a LCD display unit 4, a plug 5 for an optical measuring head 2 having one or several light transmitters and receivers, which can be placed on the extremities of human beings, a plug 6 for earphones, as well as a plug 7 for connection to a stationary evaluation instrument to transfer data from the measuring apparatus 1. An on/off switch 8, a function key 9 for selecting the various operations and an indicator key 10 (e.g., for the menu guide) are also provided.
Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the evaluation and read-out circuit in accordance with the present invention, whereby the elements that are the same as in Figure 1 are designated with the same reference characters.
A microprocessor 12, a drive unit 13 for the light transmitter of the optical measuring head 2, and a receiver 14 for the light receiver of the optical measuring head 2 form an active control loop 11, whereby the drive unit 13 and the receiver 14 may be arranged in a manner similar to that disclosed in German Patent Nos. 31 Oo 610 and 33 18 746.
Figures 3 to 5 illustrate the mode of operation of the measuring apparatus 1 of Figures 1 and 2. Figure 3a shows an example of a vein pressure curve, as it is obtained invasively by means of so-called phlebodynamometry. In phase I, a constant blood circulation of the skin is obtained from a seated patient 12~21 and, as shown is an almost constant pressure P0. In phase II, the patient performs movements. Accordingly, the pressure drops from the value P0 to the pressure Pm characteristic of the respective state of the patient's blood vessels. Following termination of the activity or movement phase, the pressure rises again in phase III to approximately the initial value P0. The time it takes for the pressure to rise again to the initial value P0 is also an indication of the respective state of the patient's blood vessels.
As illustrated in detail, by way of example, in German Patent No. 31 00 610, the light reflection detected by the optical detection head 2 follows the pressure curve illustrated in Figure 3a.
Figure 3b illustrates the acoustical read-out obtained with a measuring apparatus in accordance with the present invention using the pressure curve depicted in Figure 3a. After the constant blood circulation in the skin of a seated patient is obtained and the self-calibration of the measuring apparatus 1 has been achieved, an audio tone with a frequency of fO, for example, 1000 Hz., is emitted for a period of, by way of illustration, 10 seconds. Prior to the start of the first activity phase, the tone is briefly interrupted. These interruptions can be, by way of illustration, 1 or 2 seconds prior to the start of the first activity phase and are an indication to the examining individual that the activity program is beginning. In activity phase II, a tone is emitted during the time tb the frequency of which decreases corresponding to the drop in pressure from P0 to Pm from fO to fm.
Following termination of activity phase II, the frequency of the emitted tone is normed from the individual frequency fm for each person examined to a standard freq~ency fn~
whose value is, by way of illustration, 250 Hz (fJ4). This frequency is preferred because the human ear is best able to differentiate changes in frequency in this frequency range.
During the inflow phase III, the frequency rises from the value fn to the initial value fO~ At the end of the inflow phase III, a tone of constant frequency is emitted during a period of, by way of illustration, 10 seconds. Subsequently measurement is terminated.
Termination of measurement is indicated to the examining individual and preferably to the person being examined by the end of the tone.
Nonevasive measurement of dynamic behaviour of peripheral venus hemodynamics takes place as described in German Pat. No. 3,100,610. In particular, the measurement device comprises a sensor which is placed on the skin of the subject in which a luminous diode serves as a light transmitter and a light receiver, e.g., a photo-sensitive dial. Reflected light is reflected by different layers of the subject's skin and received by the luminous diode. It is known in the art that the degree of reflection of light is correlated with emptying and filling of the veins, as described in German Pat. No. 3,100,610. According to the present invention, the emitted signal from the photo-sensitive diode is amplified and transposed, e.g., by means of a microcomputer, into a signal the frequency of which is within the sound frequency range of the acoustic spectrum.
Figure 4b shows the reading on the LCD display unit 4 during measurement, corresponding to Figure 3b, so that a more detailed description of Figure 4a is not necessary. At the start of measuring, display unit 4 contains information indicating that self-calibration is being conducted at the time or how such time remains until the start of measuring. Subsequently, it indicates the number of tones still to be heard during the activity program and thereby the time remaining for the activity program. During the inflow phase it can, by way of illustration, display in a quasi analog manner the current 12~;32~
sXin reflection by the representation of a graph-like bar.
Following termination of the inflow phase, the display unit 4 indicates, after a brief analysis period, e.g., the time required for the inflow. Switching to various other reading values ensues by means of the indicator key 10. In this manner, the display unit 4 supports, on the one hand, the acoustical result read-out, and can, on the other hand, be used for an interactive dialogue with the menu guide.
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the acoustical read-out of the measuring results in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the person being examined is guided, during the activity phase, by the succession of tones emitted via the loudspeaker 3, whereby the tones can, by way of illustration, vary over an octave.
The start of the inflow phase is indicated by the change in the tone by two octaves to lower frequencies, whereby the start tone fO preferably lies again at 1000 Hz. The inflow phase is again indicated by a change in pitch of the emitted tone.
Hereinbefore the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments of the invention. Naturally, the most diverse modifications are possible within the scope of the invention idea. By way of illustration, it is possible to guide the patient acoustically via the loudspeaker unit 3 while blood inflow or outflow is indicated to the examining individual by means of earphones. The frequency of the produced tones can, of course, also shift counter to the change in detected pressure. Furthermore, it is possible with the aid of the indicator key 10 to read-out other calculated parameters from the measured and stored measurement data following the termination of each measurement. With the aid of the function key 9 the following program packages can, by way of example, be selected from the program memory of the microcomputer 12: a standard measurement program, a data read-out program, and a learning and training program .~, .
lZ~
for the operating staf f .
.
Measuring devices of this type are disclosed for instance, in German Patent No. 31 00 610.8 and German Patent No. 33 18 746Ø In the measuring device disclosed in German Patent No. 31 00 610.8, the temporal course of the reflected or dispersed back part of the radiation is evaluated in an analog manner and recorded by means of a recording device. In the measuring device disclosed in German Patent No. 33 18 746.0, the analog signal is translated or converted into a digital signal by means of a transmission-reception data connection point circuit and transferred to a calculator device. The calculator device calculates the physical rating parameters for the analog light reflection curves. This measuring device is, accordingly, particularly suitable for conducting and evaluating a test series.
Both prior art measuring devices share the drawback that they cannot easily be constructed as handy, portable apparatus: neither the recording device described in German Patent No. 31 00 610.8 nor the common micro-computer with floppy disk drives, etc. described in German 25 Patent No. 33 18 746.0 can be miniaturized to the extent that they can be readily fabricated into a portable apparatus. Moreover, the power consumption of the prior art measuring devices is too great for portable apparatuses.
It is especially disadvantageous with regard to the prior art measuring devices that the operating staff determines the commencement and the termination of each measurement, thereby making subjective measurement errors possible.
An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of 1 ~t`~
peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, which can also be constructed as a portable, hand-held apparatus.
Accordingly, the invention provides a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, having at least one light transmitter and one light receiver as well as an evaluation and read-out unit to ascertain the temporal course of the outflow and inflow of blood in the veins by means of measuring the change in light reflection, whereby said evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer for emitting a first signal to indicate that the apparatus is ready to measure, a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of blood outflow or inflow, and a third signal, which indicates the end of the measurement.
The present invention is thus based on the fundamental idea that the evaluation circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and the read-out of the measuring results is provided by means of an electroacoustic transducer. In this manner, it is possible to construct the measuring apparatus of the present invention as a compact and light-weight apparatus having low-power consumption requirements. The physician can easily carry the apparatus of the present invention around with him, by way of example, during an activity program in which physical exercises, etc. are performed and is able with little effort to examine the inflow or outflow of the veins immediately following the exercises, whereby the evaluation and read-out circuit emits a first signal which, by way of illustration, is an optical attention-attracting signal or, more preferably, an audible sound indicating to the examining individual that the apparatus is ready to measure and also provide a value representative of constant quiescent blood circulation of the skin. The actual measuring result, i.e. the measured light reflection is represented by a second succession of audible tones, the frequency of which follows the change in intensity of the light reflection, e.g. as a result of leg movements, until the blood outflow or inflow terminates. The end of the measurement, i.e., the return of a constant skin circulation following the executed movement, is indicated by a third signal, again preferably by a third audible tone or by a third succession of tones or even, for example, the end of the tone.
The acoustical read-out of the measuring results makes it possible for the examining individual to analyze the outflow or inflow of the veins or arteries and to detect abnormal changes, etc. with unexpected reliability.
It is, moreover, possible to use the tone generator and the electro-acoustic transducer, e.g., a loudspeaker, provided according to the invention, to support the activity program of the examining individual, by way of example, by means of a rhythmic succession of tones. of course, it is possible to select from different successions of tones to support different activity programs.
The apparatus of the present invention can, by way of illustration, calibrate itself, whereby energy applied to the light transmitter or transmitters is continuously raised until the signal measured by the light receiver or receivers has attained a specific signal-to-noise interval.
The first tone, indicating the commencement of readiness to measure, can then be emitted following termination of the self-calibration cycle.
The apparatus of the present invention can, of course, also be provided with a memory as well as a data output port. The measurement results can be stored in the memory and subsequently be transferred to another 12~
evaluation instrument. Naturally, it is also possible to transfer the measurement results and/or evaluation-results during the measurement via a data line to another evaluation instrument, by way of illustr~tion, a microcomputer or a printer.
The present invention provides a measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, having at least one light transmitter for directing light onto the skin of a human being and one light receiver for sensing light reflected therefrom as well as an evaluation and read-out circuit to ascertain the temporal course of the blood outflow or inflow in the veins by measuring the changes in light reflection. The invented apparatus distinguishes itself in that the evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer and emits a first signal to indicate readiness of the apparatus to effect measurement; a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of the blood outflow or inflow; and a third signal which indicates the end of the measuring sequence.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like parts are designated by like reference characters, and in which:
Figure 1 illustrates an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in schematic form connected to a human subject;
Figure 2 depicts a block diagram of an evaluation and read-out circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 3a and 3b illustrate a representation of the measurement results selected in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
,~
Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the read-out of the acoustical representation of Figure 3, and Figure 5 illustrates an additional variation of the acoustical representation of Figures 4a and 4b.
As shown in schematic form in Figure 1, a measuring apparatus 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is constructed as a small, portable apparatus. The measuring apparatus 1 is provided with an electro-acoustic transducer 3, by way of illustration, a loudspeaker, a LCD display unit 4, a plug 5 for an optical measuring head 2 having one or several light transmitters and receivers, which can be placed on the extremities of human beings, a plug 6 for earphones, as well as a plug 7 for connection to a stationary evaluation instrument to transfer data from the measuring apparatus 1. An on/off switch 8, a function key 9 for selecting the various operations and an indicator key 10 (e.g., for the menu guide) are also provided.
Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the evaluation and read-out circuit in accordance with the present invention, whereby the elements that are the same as in Figure 1 are designated with the same reference characters.
A microprocessor 12, a drive unit 13 for the light transmitter of the optical measuring head 2, and a receiver 14 for the light receiver of the optical measuring head 2 form an active control loop 11, whereby the drive unit 13 and the receiver 14 may be arranged in a manner similar to that disclosed in German Patent Nos. 31 Oo 610 and 33 18 746.
Figures 3 to 5 illustrate the mode of operation of the measuring apparatus 1 of Figures 1 and 2. Figure 3a shows an example of a vein pressure curve, as it is obtained invasively by means of so-called phlebodynamometry. In phase I, a constant blood circulation of the skin is obtained from a seated patient 12~21 and, as shown is an almost constant pressure P0. In phase II, the patient performs movements. Accordingly, the pressure drops from the value P0 to the pressure Pm characteristic of the respective state of the patient's blood vessels. Following termination of the activity or movement phase, the pressure rises again in phase III to approximately the initial value P0. The time it takes for the pressure to rise again to the initial value P0 is also an indication of the respective state of the patient's blood vessels.
As illustrated in detail, by way of example, in German Patent No. 31 00 610, the light reflection detected by the optical detection head 2 follows the pressure curve illustrated in Figure 3a.
Figure 3b illustrates the acoustical read-out obtained with a measuring apparatus in accordance with the present invention using the pressure curve depicted in Figure 3a. After the constant blood circulation in the skin of a seated patient is obtained and the self-calibration of the measuring apparatus 1 has been achieved, an audio tone with a frequency of fO, for example, 1000 Hz., is emitted for a period of, by way of illustration, 10 seconds. Prior to the start of the first activity phase, the tone is briefly interrupted. These interruptions can be, by way of illustration, 1 or 2 seconds prior to the start of the first activity phase and are an indication to the examining individual that the activity program is beginning. In activity phase II, a tone is emitted during the time tb the frequency of which decreases corresponding to the drop in pressure from P0 to Pm from fO to fm.
Following termination of activity phase II, the frequency of the emitted tone is normed from the individual frequency fm for each person examined to a standard freq~ency fn~
whose value is, by way of illustration, 250 Hz (fJ4). This frequency is preferred because the human ear is best able to differentiate changes in frequency in this frequency range.
During the inflow phase III, the frequency rises from the value fn to the initial value fO~ At the end of the inflow phase III, a tone of constant frequency is emitted during a period of, by way of illustration, 10 seconds. Subsequently measurement is terminated.
Termination of measurement is indicated to the examining individual and preferably to the person being examined by the end of the tone.
Nonevasive measurement of dynamic behaviour of peripheral venus hemodynamics takes place as described in German Pat. No. 3,100,610. In particular, the measurement device comprises a sensor which is placed on the skin of the subject in which a luminous diode serves as a light transmitter and a light receiver, e.g., a photo-sensitive dial. Reflected light is reflected by different layers of the subject's skin and received by the luminous diode. It is known in the art that the degree of reflection of light is correlated with emptying and filling of the veins, as described in German Pat. No. 3,100,610. According to the present invention, the emitted signal from the photo-sensitive diode is amplified and transposed, e.g., by means of a microcomputer, into a signal the frequency of which is within the sound frequency range of the acoustic spectrum.
Figure 4b shows the reading on the LCD display unit 4 during measurement, corresponding to Figure 3b, so that a more detailed description of Figure 4a is not necessary. At the start of measuring, display unit 4 contains information indicating that self-calibration is being conducted at the time or how such time remains until the start of measuring. Subsequently, it indicates the number of tones still to be heard during the activity program and thereby the time remaining for the activity program. During the inflow phase it can, by way of illustration, display in a quasi analog manner the current 12~;32~
sXin reflection by the representation of a graph-like bar.
Following termination of the inflow phase, the display unit 4 indicates, after a brief analysis period, e.g., the time required for the inflow. Switching to various other reading values ensues by means of the indicator key 10. In this manner, the display unit 4 supports, on the one hand, the acoustical result read-out, and can, on the other hand, be used for an interactive dialogue with the menu guide.
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the acoustical read-out of the measuring results in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the person being examined is guided, during the activity phase, by the succession of tones emitted via the loudspeaker 3, whereby the tones can, by way of illustration, vary over an octave.
The start of the inflow phase is indicated by the change in the tone by two octaves to lower frequencies, whereby the start tone fO preferably lies again at 1000 Hz. The inflow phase is again indicated by a change in pitch of the emitted tone.
Hereinbefore the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments of the invention. Naturally, the most diverse modifications are possible within the scope of the invention idea. By way of illustration, it is possible to guide the patient acoustically via the loudspeaker unit 3 while blood inflow or outflow is indicated to the examining individual by means of earphones. The frequency of the produced tones can, of course, also shift counter to the change in detected pressure. Furthermore, it is possible with the aid of the indicator key 10 to read-out other calculated parameters from the measured and stored measurement data following the termination of each measurement. With the aid of the function key 9 the following program packages can, by way of example, be selected from the program memory of the microcomputer 12: a standard measurement program, a data read-out program, and a learning and training program .~, .
lZ~
for the operating staf f .
.
Claims (6)
1. A measuring apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances in the extremities of human beings, having at least one light transmitter and one light receiver as well as an evaluation and read-out unit to ascertain the temporal course of the outflow and inflow of blood in the veins by means of measuring the change in light reflection, whereby said evaluation and read-out circuit is provided with a digitally controlled tone generator and an electroacoustic transducer for emitting a first signal to indicate that the apparatus is ready to measure, a second succession of tones, the frequency of which follows the changes in the intensity of the light reflection until termination of blood outflow or inflow, and a third signal, which indicates the end of the measurement.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first and third signal are acoustic signals.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tone generator emits another succession of tones between the first tone and the second succession of tones to support an activity program.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein an additional succession of short impulses is integrated in the second succession of tones in order to improve the time information.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said apparatus calibrates itself before commencing measurement and the tone generator emits the first tone after termination of said self-calibration.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said apparatus is provided with a memory to store the measured results digitally.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3609073A DE3609073C2 (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1986-03-18 | Measuring device for non-invasive detection of peripheral drainage and flow disorders in human extremities |
| DEP3609073.5 | 1986-03-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1296921C true CA1296921C (en) | 1992-03-10 |
Family
ID=6296672
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000532249A Expired - Fee Related CA1296921C (en) | 1986-03-18 | 1987-03-17 | Apparatus for the noninvasive determination and acoustical representation of the dynamic behavior of peripheral venous hemodynamic |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4836212A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0238064B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE78678T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1296921C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3609073C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK140787A (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5588428A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1996-12-31 | The University Of Akron | Method and apparatus for non-invasive volume and texture analysis |
| DE4433578B4 (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 2005-06-09 | ELCAT Gesellschaft für Industrie- und Medizin-Elektronik mbH | Circulatory monitor for the continuous quantitative reproduction of peripheral blood volume pulses |
| US6150941A (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2000-11-21 | Integrated Medical System, Inc. | Stand-off non-invasive acoustic baby monitor |
| DE10304338A1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-19 | Soehnle-Waagen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for determining the light reflection, in particular for determining the refilling time of the leg veins |
| DK2368553T3 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2015-02-09 | Progenics Pharm Inc | Pharmaceutical preparation comprising methylnaltrexone |
| GB2413078C (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2012-08-15 | Dialog Devices Ltd | A system or method for assessing a subject's pedalblood circulation. |
| US8524731B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2013-09-03 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
| US8518962B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2013-08-27 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists |
| US9662390B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
| US9662325B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
| AR057035A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2007-11-14 | Progenics Pharm Inc | SYNTHESIS OF (R) -N-METHYLNTREXONE, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES |
| AR057325A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2007-11-28 | Progenics Pharm Inc | SYNTHESIS OF (S) -N-METHYLNTREXONE, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES |
| US20080194611A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-08-14 | Alverdy John C | Modulation of Cell Barrier Dysfunction |
| CA2682129A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystal forms and uses thereof |
| WO2008121348A2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
| ES2493590T3 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2014-09-12 | Wyeth Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
| DE102007034874A1 (en) | 2007-07-24 | 2009-01-29 | Medi Gmbh & Co. Kg | Opto-electronic device for performing non-invasive, contactless and space-resolved detection of dermal vein status, has unit selecting beams converted into signals that are manipulated such that signals are reproduced as volumes of area |
| CA2713568C (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2016-09-20 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Preparation and use of (r),(r)-2,2'-bis-methylnaltrexone |
| EP2278966B1 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2019-10-09 | The University of Chicago | Treatment with opioid antagonists and mtor inhibitors |
| CA2676881C (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2017-04-25 | Wyeth | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
| DE102010056615A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-05 | Vladimir Blazek | Opto-electronic, camera-based device for noninvasive, noncontact and spatially resolved detection of vital signs of child, has video camera that is located outside of incubator and is directed at selected skin area of body |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3658060A (en) * | 1969-08-19 | 1972-04-25 | Bendix Corp | Audible blood pressure monitor |
| US3895316A (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1975-07-15 | W P Instr Inc | Complex tone modulation |
| US4009708A (en) * | 1975-05-29 | 1977-03-01 | Fay Jr John J | Pulse rate recorder |
| US4325383A (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-04-20 | Lacks Harold G | System and method for measuring and recording blood pressure |
| DE3040831C2 (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1982-07-22 | Vogel & Halke, 2000 Hamburg | Circuit arrangement for a light barrier for measuring tissue blood flow |
| DE3100610C2 (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1983-07-07 | Vladimir Dr.-Ing. Blazek | Measuring device for the non-invasive determination of venous or arterial outflow and flow disturbances |
| US4703758A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1987-11-03 | Yoshiaki Omura | Non-invasive monitoring of blood flow and cerebral blood pressure using ultra miniature reflection type photoelectric plethysmographic sensors or ultrasonic doppler flow meter |
| DE3409792A1 (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1984-09-20 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi, Osaka | Pulse counter |
| DE3318746C2 (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1985-08-14 | Vladimir Dr.-Ing. 5100 Aachen Blazek | Device for recording and analyzing the blood flow condition of the human skin |
| US4591729A (en) * | 1984-06-26 | 1986-05-27 | Sita Bauelemente Gmbh | Control unit for switching on a teaching device |
-
1986
- 1986-03-18 DE DE3609073A patent/DE3609073C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-03-17 US US07/026,606 patent/US4836212A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-17 CA CA000532249A patent/CA1296921C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-18 AT AT87103980T patent/ATE78678T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-03-18 DE DE8787103980T patent/DE3780663D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-18 DK DK140787A patent/DK140787A/en unknown
- 1987-03-18 EP EP87103980A patent/EP0238064B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0238064A3 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| DE3609073C2 (en) | 1995-08-10 |
| EP0238064A2 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
| EP0238064B1 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| ATE78678T1 (en) | 1992-08-15 |
| DE3780663D1 (en) | 1992-09-03 |
| DK140787A (en) | 1987-09-19 |
| DK140787D0 (en) | 1987-03-18 |
| US4836212A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
| DE3609073A1 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1296921C (en) | Apparatus for the noninvasive determination and acoustical representation of the dynamic behavior of peripheral venous hemodynamic | |
| EP0956812B1 (en) | Pulse wave detection method, artery position detection method and pulse wave detection apparatus | |
| US4774959A (en) | Narrow band ultrasonic frequency attentuation bone measurement system | |
| CN103079463B (en) | Arm insertion type sphygmomanometer | |
| US6709407B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for fetal audio stimulation | |
| US5699809A (en) | Device and process for generating and measuring the shape of an acoustic reflectance curve of an ear | |
| US5868682A (en) | Device and process for generating and measuring the shape of an acoustic reflectance curve of an ear | |
| US4086916A (en) | Cardiac monitor wristwatch | |
| US4201225A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring stimulated acoustic reflex latency time | |
| CN100571614C (en) | Blood pressure monitor | |
| US5009231A (en) | Microprocessor controlled apparatus for the noninvasive determination of peripheral outflow and flow disturbances | |
| EP1569549A1 (en) | Combined wrist blood pressure and ecg monitor | |
| KR100235170B1 (en) | A device and process for generating and measuring the shape of an acoustic reflectance curve of an ear | |
| KR100264011B1 (en) | An apparatus and a method for detecting the sound of human body | |
| WO1996023293A9 (en) | A device and process for generating and measuring the shape of an acoustic reflectance curve of an ear | |
| US4485823A (en) | Apparatus for diagnosing environmental tissue of tooth | |
| US4515164A (en) | Differential doppler for blood flow measurement | |
| JPH10179528A (en) | Pulse analysis device | |
| US5902252A (en) | Device and process for measuring acoustic reflectance | |
| JP4680411B2 (en) | Arterial blood pressure measuring method and arterial blood pressure measuring device | |
| US3921623A (en) | Heart beating examining apparatus | |
| JPH05329110A (en) | Active state bioinformation measuring/recording apparatus | |
| US11389075B2 (en) | Veterinary pulse probe | |
| GB1562706A (en) | Apparatus for the measurement of the arterial pressure of a patient | |
| CN208893112U (en) | A kind of ischemic adaptation training apparatus and system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |