CA1302493C - Capacitive coupled power supplies - Google Patents
Capacitive coupled power suppliesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1302493C CA1302493C CA000594609A CA594609A CA1302493C CA 1302493 C CA1302493 C CA 1302493C CA 000594609 A CA000594609 A CA 000594609A CA 594609 A CA594609 A CA 594609A CA 1302493 C CA1302493 C CA 1302493C
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- power supply
- rectifier
- providing
- coupled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000490229 Eucephalus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/05—Capacitor coupled rectifiers
Abstract
CAPACITIVE COUPLED POWER SUPPLIES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A high frequency greater than one megahertz, rectifying power supply having circuitry for providing AC power, a plurality of capacitors responsive to the AC power for providing DC
isolation and for providing capacitively coupled AC power without inductors or reactors, and a plurality of rectifying circuits responsive to the capacitively coupled AC power for providing respective DC outputs, which does not utilize a coupler and bulky transformer. The outputs of the rectifying circuits are coupled in series or in parallel. The invention is utilized in applications wherein the required supply voltage is direct current.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A high frequency greater than one megahertz, rectifying power supply having circuitry for providing AC power, a plurality of capacitors responsive to the AC power for providing DC
isolation and for providing capacitively coupled AC power without inductors or reactors, and a plurality of rectifying circuits responsive to the capacitively coupled AC power for providing respective DC outputs, which does not utilize a coupler and bulky transformer. The outputs of the rectifying circuits are coupled in series or in parallel. The invention is utilized in applications wherein the required supply voltage is direct current.
Description
~3~Z~3 CAPACITIVE COUPLED POWER SUPPLIES
1 BACKGROUND _F THE INVENTION
The disclosed invention is generally directed to rectifying power supplies, and is more particularly directed to a high frequency rectifying power supply which does not utilize a complex transformer, Rectifying power supplies are utilized in certain applications where the required supply voltage is DC. The originating po~er source may provide an AC voltage or a DC
voltage. With a DC voltage supply, stepping the voltage up or down requires conversion of the DC power to AC power which may be accomplished, for example, with a square wave converter or a sinewave converter. Typically, the AC
voltage is generally stepped up or stepped down as re-quired by a transformer, and then rectified.
Significant improvements in the size and weight of rectlfying power supplies have been made by increasing the operating ~requency of the AC power. Particularly, higher operating requencies allow for significantly smaller capacitive elements However, operating frequencies have been limited by certain considerations including the increase of transformer size with frequency, and the in-ability of known transformer designs to operate at fre-quencies greater than one MHz. Particularly, with in-creased AC operating frequencies, transformer isolation is reduced, reflections increase, and core losses increase.
As a result of problems encountered with increased fre-quencies, diferent transformer designs have been made in attempts to allow for higher AC operating frequency 31 3~ 3 operation. Such designs, however, are complex and generally require time-consuming and costly development for particular applications. Moreover, such transformer designs do not provide significant increases in AC
operating frequ~ncies, and moreover are bulky.
A further consideration in the implementation of high frequency power supplies is the power handling limits of available diodes. If the number of secondary windings is reduced in attempting to make transformers smaller and less complex, then the power limits of available diodes may be exceeded. If more secondary windings are used to accommodate the power limits of available diodes, then transformer complexity and size increase.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide a high ~requency rectifying power supply which does not utilize a complex and bulky transformer.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide a high frequency rectifying power supply which has an AC
operating frequency of greater than 1 MHz.
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
A power supply comprising: means for providing AC power at a frequency greater than one megahertz; non-resonant means responsive to said AC power for providing DC
isolation and for providing capacitively coupled AC power without inductors or resistors; and a plurality of rectifying means responsive to said capacitively coupled AC
power for providing respective DC outputs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The advantages and features of the disclosed invention will readily be appreciated by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawing wherein:
'' ~3V~73 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a rectifying power supply in accoxdance with the invention wherein the outputs of the power supply rectifier/filter modules are serially coupled.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier/filter module which may be used in the power supply of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a block diayram of further rectifying power supply in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another recti~ying power supply in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following detailed description and in the several figures of the drawing, like elements are identified with like reference numerals.
Referring now to FIG. 1, illustrated therein is a high frequency recti~ying power supply 10 which includes a sinewave source 11 that is responsive to a DC supply voltage Vin. By way of example, Vin may be 200 volts.
The ~inewave source 11 can comprise known circuitry for converting a DC voltage to an AC voltage that varies sinusoidally. ~lternatively, a s~uare wave source may also be utilized. By way of more specific example, the sinewave source 11 may also include a low ratio transformer for providing transformer isolation and, if appropriate, a relatively small step-up or step-down in voltage. The ratio of such isolation transformer can range from (5:1 to (1:5).
The output of the sinewave source 11 has a peak voltage denoted Vp and is coupled via output lines 13, 15 to a rectifier/filter module 17. The rectifier/filter module 17 may be of conventional design for providing full wave rectification and filtering to provide a DC voltage output. A conventional example of circuitry for the ~3~P~
1 rectifier/filter module 20 is discussed further herein in conjunction with FIG. 2.
Coupling capacitors 19, 21 have first terminals respectively coupled to the output lines 13, 15. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 19, 21 are coupled to the input oE a rectifier/filter module 23, which may be of the same circuit structure as the recti-fier/filter module 17.
The second terminals of the coupling capacito:rs 19, 21 are further coupled to the first terminals of coupling capacitors 25, 27. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 25, 27 are coupled to the input of a recti-fier/filter module 29, which may be of the same circuit structure as the rectifier/filter modules 17, 23 discussed above.
The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 25, 27 are further coupled to the further coupling capacitors 31, 33. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 31~ 33 are coupled to an associated rectifier/filter module (not shown).
As shown in FIG. 1, N rectifier/filter modules may be utilized, the rectifier/filter module 35 being the Nth module, with all of the rectifier/filter modules having~
associated coupling capacitors, except for the first one, which in this case is identified with the reference numeral 17. In essence, a pair of coupling capacitors is associated with each of the rectifier/filter modules that are in addition to the first rectifier/filter module 17.
Such coupling capacitors are interposed between the inputs to the different rectifier/filter modules and are serially coupled.
As also shown in FIG. 1, the outputs of the recti-fier/filtex modules are connected serially to provide a maximum output voltage that is the sum of the respective output voltages. As discussed further below with respect :~3~ 3 1 to FIG. 2, the outputs of the rectifier/filter mQdules can be across respective output capacitors, and with such structure, the output capacitors of the rectifier/filter modules would be coupled serially. As indicated in FIG.
1, the first terminal of the output capacitor of the rectifier/filter module 17 is coupled to a common refer-ence potential, which may be considered ground. All output voltages are with respect to such common reference potential. The second terminal of the output capacitor of the rectifier/filter module 17 is connected to the first terminal of the output capacitor of the rectifier/filter module 23, and so forth. The second terminal of the Nth rectifier/filter module 35 provides a high voltage output which is the sum of the outputs of all of the recti-ier/filter modules. The third rectifier/filter module 29 provides an output voltage which is the sum of the outputs provided by it and the preceding rectifier/filter modules.
The outputs respectively provided by the second and first rectifier/filter modules should be readily evident.
Assuming small losses in the coupling capacitors, the output voltage VOUt provided at the Nth rectifier/-filter module 35 is approximately two-thirds of N times the peak voltage Vp provided by the sinewave source 11.
It should be noted that the increase in the equiva-lent series resistance of the coupling capacitors provides a limit on the number of rectifier/filter modules that can be utilized in the power supply 10. For example, or an AC operating fre~uency greater than 1 MH~ and an input voltage of 200 volts, it has been determined that 20-30 rectifier/filter modules appears to be a reasonable upper limit with the circuit structure of the FIG. 1~ A greater number may result in unacceptable open loop regulation, while in a closed loop system the variation would have to be absorbed in the dynamic range of the power supply 10.
Further, high e~uivalent series resistance resul~s in high PD 86055 378/Pll 1 power dissipation, which results in shorter component lifetimes. An alternate configuration that addresses these considerations is discussed further herein relative to FIG. 3, Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated therein is a schematic of a rectifier/filter module 20 which may be utilized in the power supply 10 of FIG. 1~ Specifically~
the rectifier/filter module 20 includes a first pair of serially connected diodes lll, 113 in parallel with a second pair of serially connected diodes 115, 117. A pair of balanced inductors 121, 123 are connected in series with the diode pairs, and function to ensure continuous operation of the diodes 111, 113, 115, 117. A smoothing capacitor 119 is connected .in series with the balanced inductors 121, 123. The output of the rectifier/fi.lter module 20 is across the smoothing capacitor 119.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a high voltage recti.fying power supply 30 includes a sinewave source 211 which is responsive to a DC input voltage Vin, which by way of example may be 200 volts. The output of the sinewave source 211 has a peak voltage denoted Vp and is on output lines 213, 215. The first terminals of coupling capaci-tors 217, 219 are coupled to the sinewave source output lines 213, 215. The second terminals of the capacitors 217, 219 are connected to the input of a rectifier/filter module 211, which may be of conventional design such as the rectifier/filter module 20 of FIG. 2.
The first terminals of coupling capacitors 223, 225 are respecti~ely coupled to the output lines 213, 215 of the sinewave source 211. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 223, 225 are coupled to the input of a rectifier/filter module 227 which also may be of conven-tional design such as the rectifier/filter module 20 of FIG. 2.
PD 86055 378/Pll ~3~ 3 1 Further rectifier/filter modules and associated coupling capacitors can be coupled to the output lines 213, 215, as illustrated by the Nth pair of coupling capacitors 229, 231 and the associated N~h rectifier/-filter module 233.
In the high voltage rectifying power supply 30 of FIG. 3, each of the rectifier/filter modules is coupled to the output of tne sinewave source 211 via respective coupling capacitors.
The outputs of the rectifier/filter modules 221, 227, 233 are coupled in series ko provide a high voltage output V0ut. Again assuming small losses in the coupling capacitors, the output voltage provided by the serially coupled rectifier/filter outputs is approximately two-thirds of N times the peak output voltage Vp of ~he sinewave source 211.
Since the coupling capacitors in the power supply 30 are not serially coupled as to each other, more recti-fier/filter modules can be utilized with the power supply 30 of FIG~ 3 than with the power supply 10 of FIG. 1.
Thus, the power supply 30 can provide for a greater step-up in voltage.
Referring now to FIG. 4, shown therein is a rectify--~
ing power supply 40 which may be utilized to provide lower voltages with high current. Specifically, power supply 40 is similar to the power supply 30 of FIG. 3, except that the outputs of the rectifier/filter modules of the power supply 40 are coupled in parallel. The output voltage provided by the power supply 40 is approximately two-thirds the peak output voltage Vp provided by the sinewave source 311. The available current will be high as a result of the parallel configuration of the outputs o the rectifier/filter modules.
PD 86055 378/Pll ~L3~ 3 1 The following are examples of operating parameters and component values for the power supply 10 of FIG. 1, where the Fs is the requency of the output of the sine-wave source 11 which has a peak voltage Vp:
Vin: 200 volts V~: 1200 volts Fs 2 MHz V : 10.4 kilovolts out Total Power: 1 kilowatt Capacitors_19, 21, 25, 27, 31, 33: 50,000 picofarads Inductors 121, 123: 120 microhenrys Diodes 111, 113, 115, 117: Type SPD524, Solid State Devices, La Mirada, California _ lter Capacitor 119: 2,000 picofarads Number of rectifier/ilter modules: 13 The following are examples o operating parameters and component values for the power supply 30 of FIG. 3, where the Fs is the frequency of the ou-tput of the sine-wave source 211 which has a peak voltage Vp:
~i 200 volts _~: 1200 volts Fg: 2 MHz VOUt: 8.0 kilovolts Total Power: 4 kilowatts Capacitors 217, 219, 223, 225, 229, 231: 50,000 picofarads Inductors 121, 123: 24 microhenrys Diodes lll, 113, 115, 117: Type SPD524, Solid State Devices, La Mirada, Caliornia Filter Capacitor_119: 13,000 picofarads Number of rectifiertfilter module~: 10 PD 860S5 378/Pll 1 The following are examples of operating parameters and component values for the power supply 40 of FIG~ 4, where the Fs is the frequency of the output of the sine-wave source 311 which has a peak voltage Vp:
Vin: 30 volts Vp: 7~5 ~olts Fs 10 MHz VOUt: 5 volts Total Power: 7.5 watts -Canacitors 317, 319, 323, 325, 329, 331: 50,000 picofarads Inductors 121, 123: 24 microhenrys Diodes 111, 113, 115, 117: Type 31DQ03, International Rectifier, E1 Segundo, California Filter Ca~acitor 119: .025 microfarads Number_of rectifier/filter modules: 5 While the foregoing power supply structures have been discussed as stand-alone circuits, it should be readily appreciated that they can comprise modular build-~0 ing blocks which can be connected in series or parallel to achieve the desired voltage and/or current outputs.
The foregoing has been a disclosure of a rectifying power supply structure which eliminates the need for an expensive and complex transformer, operates at frequencies greater than 1 MHz, and provides other distinct advan-tages. Such other advantages include uncomplicated design with predictable response, adaptability or a modular structure, adaptability for use as compact, inexpensive building blocks, which reduces cost in both development and manufacturing. Other advantages include low stored energy in the power supply, and ~aster open loop response for regulated power supply applications. Still further advantages include reduced size and weight, and increased efficiency and reliabilityO Finally, since the limita-tions of high voltage transformers do not come into play, ~L3(}2~3 1 the disclosed invention allows for AC operating fre-quencies substantially higher than what is presently practical.
Although the foregoing has been a description and illustration of specific embodiments of the invention, various modifications and changes thereto can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as de~ined by the following claims.
PD B6055 378/Pll
1 BACKGROUND _F THE INVENTION
The disclosed invention is generally directed to rectifying power supplies, and is more particularly directed to a high frequency rectifying power supply which does not utilize a complex transformer, Rectifying power supplies are utilized in certain applications where the required supply voltage is DC. The originating po~er source may provide an AC voltage or a DC
voltage. With a DC voltage supply, stepping the voltage up or down requires conversion of the DC power to AC power which may be accomplished, for example, with a square wave converter or a sinewave converter. Typically, the AC
voltage is generally stepped up or stepped down as re-quired by a transformer, and then rectified.
Significant improvements in the size and weight of rectlfying power supplies have been made by increasing the operating ~requency of the AC power. Particularly, higher operating requencies allow for significantly smaller capacitive elements However, operating frequencies have been limited by certain considerations including the increase of transformer size with frequency, and the in-ability of known transformer designs to operate at fre-quencies greater than one MHz. Particularly, with in-creased AC operating frequencies, transformer isolation is reduced, reflections increase, and core losses increase.
As a result of problems encountered with increased fre-quencies, diferent transformer designs have been made in attempts to allow for higher AC operating frequency 31 3~ 3 operation. Such designs, however, are complex and generally require time-consuming and costly development for particular applications. Moreover, such transformer designs do not provide significant increases in AC
operating frequ~ncies, and moreover are bulky.
A further consideration in the implementation of high frequency power supplies is the power handling limits of available diodes. If the number of secondary windings is reduced in attempting to make transformers smaller and less complex, then the power limits of available diodes may be exceeded. If more secondary windings are used to accommodate the power limits of available diodes, then transformer complexity and size increase.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide a high ~requency rectifying power supply which does not utilize a complex and bulky transformer.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide a high frequency rectifying power supply which has an AC
operating frequency of greater than 1 MHz.
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
A power supply comprising: means for providing AC power at a frequency greater than one megahertz; non-resonant means responsive to said AC power for providing DC
isolation and for providing capacitively coupled AC power without inductors or resistors; and a plurality of rectifying means responsive to said capacitively coupled AC
power for providing respective DC outputs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The advantages and features of the disclosed invention will readily be appreciated by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawing wherein:
'' ~3V~73 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a rectifying power supply in accoxdance with the invention wherein the outputs of the power supply rectifier/filter modules are serially coupled.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier/filter module which may be used in the power supply of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a block diayram of further rectifying power supply in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another recti~ying power supply in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following detailed description and in the several figures of the drawing, like elements are identified with like reference numerals.
Referring now to FIG. 1, illustrated therein is a high frequency recti~ying power supply 10 which includes a sinewave source 11 that is responsive to a DC supply voltage Vin. By way of example, Vin may be 200 volts.
The ~inewave source 11 can comprise known circuitry for converting a DC voltage to an AC voltage that varies sinusoidally. ~lternatively, a s~uare wave source may also be utilized. By way of more specific example, the sinewave source 11 may also include a low ratio transformer for providing transformer isolation and, if appropriate, a relatively small step-up or step-down in voltage. The ratio of such isolation transformer can range from (5:1 to (1:5).
The output of the sinewave source 11 has a peak voltage denoted Vp and is coupled via output lines 13, 15 to a rectifier/filter module 17. The rectifier/filter module 17 may be of conventional design for providing full wave rectification and filtering to provide a DC voltage output. A conventional example of circuitry for the ~3~P~
1 rectifier/filter module 20 is discussed further herein in conjunction with FIG. 2.
Coupling capacitors 19, 21 have first terminals respectively coupled to the output lines 13, 15. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 19, 21 are coupled to the input oE a rectifier/filter module 23, which may be of the same circuit structure as the recti-fier/filter module 17.
The second terminals of the coupling capacito:rs 19, 21 are further coupled to the first terminals of coupling capacitors 25, 27. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 25, 27 are coupled to the input of a recti-fier/filter module 29, which may be of the same circuit structure as the rectifier/filter modules 17, 23 discussed above.
The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 25, 27 are further coupled to the further coupling capacitors 31, 33. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 31~ 33 are coupled to an associated rectifier/filter module (not shown).
As shown in FIG. 1, N rectifier/filter modules may be utilized, the rectifier/filter module 35 being the Nth module, with all of the rectifier/filter modules having~
associated coupling capacitors, except for the first one, which in this case is identified with the reference numeral 17. In essence, a pair of coupling capacitors is associated with each of the rectifier/filter modules that are in addition to the first rectifier/filter module 17.
Such coupling capacitors are interposed between the inputs to the different rectifier/filter modules and are serially coupled.
As also shown in FIG. 1, the outputs of the recti-fier/filtex modules are connected serially to provide a maximum output voltage that is the sum of the respective output voltages. As discussed further below with respect :~3~ 3 1 to FIG. 2, the outputs of the rectifier/filter mQdules can be across respective output capacitors, and with such structure, the output capacitors of the rectifier/filter modules would be coupled serially. As indicated in FIG.
1, the first terminal of the output capacitor of the rectifier/filter module 17 is coupled to a common refer-ence potential, which may be considered ground. All output voltages are with respect to such common reference potential. The second terminal of the output capacitor of the rectifier/filter module 17 is connected to the first terminal of the output capacitor of the rectifier/filter module 23, and so forth. The second terminal of the Nth rectifier/filter module 35 provides a high voltage output which is the sum of the outputs of all of the recti-ier/filter modules. The third rectifier/filter module 29 provides an output voltage which is the sum of the outputs provided by it and the preceding rectifier/filter modules.
The outputs respectively provided by the second and first rectifier/filter modules should be readily evident.
Assuming small losses in the coupling capacitors, the output voltage VOUt provided at the Nth rectifier/-filter module 35 is approximately two-thirds of N times the peak voltage Vp provided by the sinewave source 11.
It should be noted that the increase in the equiva-lent series resistance of the coupling capacitors provides a limit on the number of rectifier/filter modules that can be utilized in the power supply 10. For example, or an AC operating fre~uency greater than 1 MH~ and an input voltage of 200 volts, it has been determined that 20-30 rectifier/filter modules appears to be a reasonable upper limit with the circuit structure of the FIG. 1~ A greater number may result in unacceptable open loop regulation, while in a closed loop system the variation would have to be absorbed in the dynamic range of the power supply 10.
Further, high e~uivalent series resistance resul~s in high PD 86055 378/Pll 1 power dissipation, which results in shorter component lifetimes. An alternate configuration that addresses these considerations is discussed further herein relative to FIG. 3, Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated therein is a schematic of a rectifier/filter module 20 which may be utilized in the power supply 10 of FIG. 1~ Specifically~
the rectifier/filter module 20 includes a first pair of serially connected diodes lll, 113 in parallel with a second pair of serially connected diodes 115, 117. A pair of balanced inductors 121, 123 are connected in series with the diode pairs, and function to ensure continuous operation of the diodes 111, 113, 115, 117. A smoothing capacitor 119 is connected .in series with the balanced inductors 121, 123. The output of the rectifier/fi.lter module 20 is across the smoothing capacitor 119.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a high voltage recti.fying power supply 30 includes a sinewave source 211 which is responsive to a DC input voltage Vin, which by way of example may be 200 volts. The output of the sinewave source 211 has a peak voltage denoted Vp and is on output lines 213, 215. The first terminals of coupling capaci-tors 217, 219 are coupled to the sinewave source output lines 213, 215. The second terminals of the capacitors 217, 219 are connected to the input of a rectifier/filter module 211, which may be of conventional design such as the rectifier/filter module 20 of FIG. 2.
The first terminals of coupling capacitors 223, 225 are respecti~ely coupled to the output lines 213, 215 of the sinewave source 211. The second terminals of the coupling capacitors 223, 225 are coupled to the input of a rectifier/filter module 227 which also may be of conven-tional design such as the rectifier/filter module 20 of FIG. 2.
PD 86055 378/Pll ~3~ 3 1 Further rectifier/filter modules and associated coupling capacitors can be coupled to the output lines 213, 215, as illustrated by the Nth pair of coupling capacitors 229, 231 and the associated N~h rectifier/-filter module 233.
In the high voltage rectifying power supply 30 of FIG. 3, each of the rectifier/filter modules is coupled to the output of tne sinewave source 211 via respective coupling capacitors.
The outputs of the rectifier/filter modules 221, 227, 233 are coupled in series ko provide a high voltage output V0ut. Again assuming small losses in the coupling capacitors, the output voltage provided by the serially coupled rectifier/filter outputs is approximately two-thirds of N times the peak output voltage Vp of ~he sinewave source 211.
Since the coupling capacitors in the power supply 30 are not serially coupled as to each other, more recti-fier/filter modules can be utilized with the power supply 30 of FIG~ 3 than with the power supply 10 of FIG. 1.
Thus, the power supply 30 can provide for a greater step-up in voltage.
Referring now to FIG. 4, shown therein is a rectify--~
ing power supply 40 which may be utilized to provide lower voltages with high current. Specifically, power supply 40 is similar to the power supply 30 of FIG. 3, except that the outputs of the rectifier/filter modules of the power supply 40 are coupled in parallel. The output voltage provided by the power supply 40 is approximately two-thirds the peak output voltage Vp provided by the sinewave source 311. The available current will be high as a result of the parallel configuration of the outputs o the rectifier/filter modules.
PD 86055 378/Pll ~L3~ 3 1 The following are examples of operating parameters and component values for the power supply 10 of FIG. 1, where the Fs is the requency of the output of the sine-wave source 11 which has a peak voltage Vp:
Vin: 200 volts V~: 1200 volts Fs 2 MHz V : 10.4 kilovolts out Total Power: 1 kilowatt Capacitors_19, 21, 25, 27, 31, 33: 50,000 picofarads Inductors 121, 123: 120 microhenrys Diodes 111, 113, 115, 117: Type SPD524, Solid State Devices, La Mirada, California _ lter Capacitor 119: 2,000 picofarads Number of rectifier/ilter modules: 13 The following are examples o operating parameters and component values for the power supply 30 of FIG. 3, where the Fs is the frequency of the ou-tput of the sine-wave source 211 which has a peak voltage Vp:
~i 200 volts _~: 1200 volts Fg: 2 MHz VOUt: 8.0 kilovolts Total Power: 4 kilowatts Capacitors 217, 219, 223, 225, 229, 231: 50,000 picofarads Inductors 121, 123: 24 microhenrys Diodes lll, 113, 115, 117: Type SPD524, Solid State Devices, La Mirada, Caliornia Filter Capacitor_119: 13,000 picofarads Number of rectifiertfilter module~: 10 PD 860S5 378/Pll 1 The following are examples of operating parameters and component values for the power supply 40 of FIG~ 4, where the Fs is the frequency of the output of the sine-wave source 311 which has a peak voltage Vp:
Vin: 30 volts Vp: 7~5 ~olts Fs 10 MHz VOUt: 5 volts Total Power: 7.5 watts -Canacitors 317, 319, 323, 325, 329, 331: 50,000 picofarads Inductors 121, 123: 24 microhenrys Diodes 111, 113, 115, 117: Type 31DQ03, International Rectifier, E1 Segundo, California Filter Ca~acitor 119: .025 microfarads Number_of rectifier/filter modules: 5 While the foregoing power supply structures have been discussed as stand-alone circuits, it should be readily appreciated that they can comprise modular build-~0 ing blocks which can be connected in series or parallel to achieve the desired voltage and/or current outputs.
The foregoing has been a disclosure of a rectifying power supply structure which eliminates the need for an expensive and complex transformer, operates at frequencies greater than 1 MHz, and provides other distinct advan-tages. Such other advantages include uncomplicated design with predictable response, adaptability or a modular structure, adaptability for use as compact, inexpensive building blocks, which reduces cost in both development and manufacturing. Other advantages include low stored energy in the power supply, and ~aster open loop response for regulated power supply applications. Still further advantages include reduced size and weight, and increased efficiency and reliabilityO Finally, since the limita-tions of high voltage transformers do not come into play, ~L3(}2~3 1 the disclosed invention allows for AC operating fre-quencies substantially higher than what is presently practical.
Although the foregoing has been a description and illustration of specific embodiments of the invention, various modifications and changes thereto can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as de~ined by the following claims.
PD B6055 378/Pll
Claims (7)
1. A power supply comprising:
means for providing AC power at a frequency greater than one megahertz;
non-resonant means responsive to said AC power for providing DC isolation and for providing capacitively coupled AC power without inductors or resistors; and a plurality of rectifying means responsive to said capacitively coupled AC power for providing respective DC
outputs.
means for providing AC power at a frequency greater than one megahertz;
non-resonant means responsive to said AC power for providing DC isolation and for providing capacitively coupled AC power without inductors or resistors; and a plurality of rectifying means responsive to said capacitively coupled AC power for providing respective DC
outputs.
2. The power supply of claim 1 wherein said non-resonant means comprises a plurality of serially coupled capacitors, and wherein said plurality of rectifying means are connected to respectively associated ones of said capacitors.
3. The power supply of claim 2 further including other rectifying means non-capacitively coupled and directly connected to said AC power providing means for providing a DC output.
4. The power supply of claim 3 wherein said DC outputs of said plurality of rectifying means and said other rectifying means are serially connected.
5. The power supply of claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of capacitors is directly connected to said AC
providing means and wherein each of said rectifying means is respectively associated with certain ones of said plurality of capacitors.
providing means and wherein each of said rectifying means is respectively associated with certain ones of said plurality of capacitors.
6. The power supply of claim 5 wherein said DC outputs of said plurality of rectifying means are serially connected.
7. The power supply of claim 5 wherein said DC outputs of said plurality of rectifying means are connected in parallel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US173,223 | 1988-03-24 | ||
| US07/173,223 US4841429A (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1988-03-24 | Capacitive coupled power supplies |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1302493C true CA1302493C (en) | 1992-06-02 |
Family
ID=22631052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000594609A Expired - Lifetime CA1302493C (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1989-03-23 | Capacitive coupled power supplies |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4841429A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0334285B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3024764B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU603505B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1302493C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68914873T2 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL89557A (en) |
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-
1988
- 1988-03-24 US US07/173,223 patent/US4841429A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-03-09 IL IL8955789A patent/IL89557A/en unknown
- 1989-03-09 AU AU31156/89A patent/AU603505B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-03-21 DE DE68914873T patent/DE68914873T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-21 EP EP89105027A patent/EP0334285B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-23 CA CA000594609A patent/CA1302493C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-24 JP JP1073721A patent/JP3024764B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU603505B2 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| EP0334285B1 (en) | 1994-04-27 |
| EP0334285A3 (en) | 1990-01-24 |
| IL89557A0 (en) | 1989-09-10 |
| US4841429A (en) | 1989-06-20 |
| IL89557A (en) | 1994-07-31 |
| AU3115689A (en) | 1989-10-26 |
| DE68914873T2 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
| EP0334285A2 (en) | 1989-09-27 |
| DE68914873D1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| JP3024764B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 |
| JPH02146962A (en) | 1990-06-06 |
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