CA1305514C - Method and device for tagging a macro-organism - Google Patents
Method and device for tagging a macro-organismInfo
- Publication number
- CA1305514C CA1305514C CA000548708A CA548708A CA1305514C CA 1305514 C CA1305514 C CA 1305514C CA 000548708 A CA000548708 A CA 000548708A CA 548708 A CA548708 A CA 548708A CA 1305514 C CA1305514 C CA 1305514C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tag
- wire
- orientation
- magnetizing
- end portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
- G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
- G06K1/125—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by magnetic means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure In a method and apparatus for magnetizing an identification tag prior to insertion thereof into a host macro-organism, the tag is provided with a magnetic field having an orientation opposed to the magnetic field of an injection wire from which the tag has been cut. The tag and the leading end of the wire repel one another and facilitate implantation of the tag into the macro-organism by preventing withdrawal of the tag with the wire upon termination of an injection operation.
Description
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METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TAGGING A MACRO-ORGANISM
Background of the Invention This inventlon relates to tagging macro-organisms in order to facilitate research on the macro-organisms.
More particularly, the invention relates to the injection into a macro-organism of a magnetized tag severed from a supply of wire and incrementally advanced to an implanting device.
U.S. Patent 3,820,545 to Jefferts discloses a method and apparatus for implanting such tags. The tags are injected into macro-organisms in an unmagnetized state and subsequently magnetized in place for later detection. U.S. Patents 3,128,744 and 3,313,301 issued to Bergman and Jefferts disclose earlier related prior art systems. The '744 patent discloses a small magnetically coded tag, while the '301 patent is directed to an instrument for implanting such tags.
As it now will be necessary to refer to the drawings, they will first be described briefly as 2a follows:
Figure la is a longitudinal cross-sactional view of a toroidal prior art magnetizer.
Figure lb is a longitudinal cross sectional view of another prior art magnetizer which magnetizes tags after their insertion into macro-organisms.
Figure 2a is a longitudinal cross~sectional view of an injection needle containing a magnetized tag with the same direction of magnetization as an injection wira.
Figure 2b is a view similar to Figure 2a, showing a magnetized tag with a direction o~ magnetization opposite to the magnetization of an injection wire.
Figure 3a is a front elevational view of a magnetizer according to the present invention.
Figure 3b is a side elevational view of the magnetizer shown in Figure 3a.
Figure 4a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of , an alternate magnetizer according to the present invention.
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Figure 4b is of an axial view of the magnetizer shown in Figure 4a.
Figure 5a is a detailed partial cross-sectional of the magnetizer of Figure 4, showing the tag and wire passing through the magnetizing gap.
Figure 5b is a view similar to Figure 5a, showing the tag as it passes out of the magnetizing gap.
Figure 6a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention, illus-trating a rotary shear prior to a cutting operation.Figure 6b shows the apparatus of Figure 6a upon a shearing of a tip from a magnetized tag wire.
Figure 6c shows the apparatus of Figures 6a and 6b with the rotating shear rotated 180 from the position shown in Figure 6a, whereby the tag has a direction of magnetization opposite to the direction of magnetization of the wire.
Figure lb illustrates a prior art magnetizer of the kind for magnetizing tags after implantation. A tagged specimen is guided, in the direction indicated by an arrow 154, through a permanent magnet toroid 150 having a downstream magnetic flux shield 152 usually made of soft iron. The shield 152 is necessary to prevent demagnetization of the tag as the ~ish in which the tag is implanted passes out of the magnetizing field.
One alternative to magnetizing a tag inside the organism is to reduce the size of the magnetizer and install it around the injection needle, so that the magnetizer works to magnetize the tag before implantation. Figure la shows an unsatisfactory permanent magnet toroid 160 for accomplishing such a magnetization subsequent to implantation. A fringing field 162 has a direction opposite to the direction of a primary field 164 in a transverse plane passing through the geometric center of the toroid. As a result a tag magnetized by the primary field tends to become !`~
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demagnetized by the fringing field upon passage of the tagged fish beyond the toroid. This approach has the additional shortcoming that the magnetizer magnetizes both the tag and the wire with the consequence that the tag is attracted to the wire and may be accidentally extracted from the specimen as the needle and wire are withdrawn after tagging.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus of the above-described type wherein a tag is magnetized prior to injection into a macro-organism.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for forming a magnetized tag and injecting the tag into a macro -organism.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide such an improved method and apparatus wherein magnetic attraction between a magneti2ed tag and an injecting wire is eliminated to prevent of the tag from a macro-organism upon completion of an implantation operation.
Summary of the Invention Various aspects of the invention are as follows: :
: In a method for tagging a macro-organism, : 25 including the step of forming from one end of a wire a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said method further including the step of injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle, said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation,:
the improvement comprising the step of:
setting said first orientation and said second 3~ orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end ' ' '' ' ~: ' ;
of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
A method for tagging a macro-organism, comprising the steps of:
severing an end portion of a wi.re;
magnetizing the severed end portion to form a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation;
providing a leading end of said wire, upon formation of said severed end portion, with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself partially inserted into said body tissues;
setting said ~irst orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately aft~x injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby ~aid leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from said body tissues together with said wire; and withdrawing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
A method for tagging a macro-organism, comprising the steps of:
magnetizing one end of a wire;
severing an end portion of said one end of said ; wire to form a tag having a magnetic ~ield with a first : orientation, said wire having upon said step of severing a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
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rotating said tag about an axis substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of said wire so that said first orientation and said second orientation are opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself inserted into said body tissues; and removing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
A device for tagging a macro-organism, comprising:
a hollow injection needle at least partially insertable into body tissues of the macro-organism;
a wire at least partially disposable in said needle for pushing a tag through said needle, said needle having an inner diameter larger than an outer dimension of said tag and said wire, said naedle and said wire defining an injection path;
: 20 means located along said path for severing an end portion from a leading end of said wire, means located along said path for magnetizing said end portion, the magnetized and severed end portion constituting said tag, said tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said leading end of said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a magnetic field with a second orientation;
means engageable with said wire for moving said wire through said needle to thereby push said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism upon a partial insertion o~ said needle into said body tissues; and means, operatively connected to at least one of:
said means f;or magnetizing and said means for severing, ; for setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end ; 5 .
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of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
Description of Preferred Embodiments As illustrated in Fig. lb, a conventional tag magnetizer used for magnetiziny identification tags upon implantation thereof into specimens such as fish comprises a permanent magnet toroid 150 provided on a downstream side with a magnetic flux shield 152.
Magnetization is accomplished upon movement of the tagged specimens through the toroid and shield in an axial direction indicated by arrow 154.
If the prior art magnetizer of Figure lb is reduced in size and placed around an injection needle 212 ~Figs.
2a and 2b) in order to magnetize a tag 202 prior to implantation thereof into the body tissues o~ a macro-organism, tag 202 and a metal injection wire 207 used for pushing the tag into the macro-organism's body tissues are provided with magnetic field orientations such as those indicated in Fig. 2a. Specifically, tag 202 has a magnetic field with a north pole 204 and an associated south pole 206, while wire 207 has a north pole 208 and a corresponding south pole (not illus~
trated). Both tag 202 and a leading end of wire 207 are contained within an elongate chamber 210 of injection needle 212. South pole 206 of tag 202 is immediately adjacent to north pole 208 OI wire 207, whereby ,.. ;~
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1 tag 202 ~ill tend to adhere to the leading end oE wire 207 and 2 to be withdrawn therewith from a specimen upon the termination 3 of an injection operation.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TAGGING A MACRO-ORGANISM
Background of the Invention This inventlon relates to tagging macro-organisms in order to facilitate research on the macro-organisms.
More particularly, the invention relates to the injection into a macro-organism of a magnetized tag severed from a supply of wire and incrementally advanced to an implanting device.
U.S. Patent 3,820,545 to Jefferts discloses a method and apparatus for implanting such tags. The tags are injected into macro-organisms in an unmagnetized state and subsequently magnetized in place for later detection. U.S. Patents 3,128,744 and 3,313,301 issued to Bergman and Jefferts disclose earlier related prior art systems. The '744 patent discloses a small magnetically coded tag, while the '301 patent is directed to an instrument for implanting such tags.
As it now will be necessary to refer to the drawings, they will first be described briefly as 2a follows:
Figure la is a longitudinal cross-sactional view of a toroidal prior art magnetizer.
Figure lb is a longitudinal cross sectional view of another prior art magnetizer which magnetizes tags after their insertion into macro-organisms.
Figure 2a is a longitudinal cross~sectional view of an injection needle containing a magnetized tag with the same direction of magnetization as an injection wira.
Figure 2b is a view similar to Figure 2a, showing a magnetized tag with a direction o~ magnetization opposite to the magnetization of an injection wire.
Figure 3a is a front elevational view of a magnetizer according to the present invention.
Figure 3b is a side elevational view of the magnetizer shown in Figure 3a.
Figure 4a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of , an alternate magnetizer according to the present invention.
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Figure 4b is of an axial view of the magnetizer shown in Figure 4a.
Figure 5a is a detailed partial cross-sectional of the magnetizer of Figure 4, showing the tag and wire passing through the magnetizing gap.
Figure 5b is a view similar to Figure 5a, showing the tag as it passes out of the magnetizing gap.
Figure 6a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention, illus-trating a rotary shear prior to a cutting operation.Figure 6b shows the apparatus of Figure 6a upon a shearing of a tip from a magnetized tag wire.
Figure 6c shows the apparatus of Figures 6a and 6b with the rotating shear rotated 180 from the position shown in Figure 6a, whereby the tag has a direction of magnetization opposite to the direction of magnetization of the wire.
Figure lb illustrates a prior art magnetizer of the kind for magnetizing tags after implantation. A tagged specimen is guided, in the direction indicated by an arrow 154, through a permanent magnet toroid 150 having a downstream magnetic flux shield 152 usually made of soft iron. The shield 152 is necessary to prevent demagnetization of the tag as the ~ish in which the tag is implanted passes out of the magnetizing field.
One alternative to magnetizing a tag inside the organism is to reduce the size of the magnetizer and install it around the injection needle, so that the magnetizer works to magnetize the tag before implantation. Figure la shows an unsatisfactory permanent magnet toroid 160 for accomplishing such a magnetization subsequent to implantation. A fringing field 162 has a direction opposite to the direction of a primary field 164 in a transverse plane passing through the geometric center of the toroid. As a result a tag magnetized by the primary field tends to become !`~
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demagnetized by the fringing field upon passage of the tagged fish beyond the toroid. This approach has the additional shortcoming that the magnetizer magnetizes both the tag and the wire with the consequence that the tag is attracted to the wire and may be accidentally extracted from the specimen as the needle and wire are withdrawn after tagging.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus of the above-described type wherein a tag is magnetized prior to injection into a macro-organism.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for forming a magnetized tag and injecting the tag into a macro -organism.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide such an improved method and apparatus wherein magnetic attraction between a magneti2ed tag and an injecting wire is eliminated to prevent of the tag from a macro-organism upon completion of an implantation operation.
Summary of the Invention Various aspects of the invention are as follows: :
: In a method for tagging a macro-organism, : 25 including the step of forming from one end of a wire a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said method further including the step of injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle, said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation,:
the improvement comprising the step of:
setting said first orientation and said second 3~ orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end ' ' '' ' ~: ' ;
of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
A method for tagging a macro-organism, comprising the steps of:
severing an end portion of a wi.re;
magnetizing the severed end portion to form a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation;
providing a leading end of said wire, upon formation of said severed end portion, with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself partially inserted into said body tissues;
setting said ~irst orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately aft~x injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby ~aid leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from said body tissues together with said wire; and withdrawing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
A method for tagging a macro-organism, comprising the steps of:
magnetizing one end of a wire;
severing an end portion of said one end of said ; wire to form a tag having a magnetic ~ield with a first : orientation, said wire having upon said step of severing a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
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rotating said tag about an axis substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of said wire so that said first orientation and said second orientation are opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself inserted into said body tissues; and removing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
A device for tagging a macro-organism, comprising:
a hollow injection needle at least partially insertable into body tissues of the macro-organism;
a wire at least partially disposable in said needle for pushing a tag through said needle, said needle having an inner diameter larger than an outer dimension of said tag and said wire, said naedle and said wire defining an injection path;
: 20 means located along said path for severing an end portion from a leading end of said wire, means located along said path for magnetizing said end portion, the magnetized and severed end portion constituting said tag, said tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said leading end of said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a magnetic field with a second orientation;
means engageable with said wire for moving said wire through said needle to thereby push said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism upon a partial insertion o~ said needle into said body tissues; and means, operatively connected to at least one of:
said means f;or magnetizing and said means for severing, ; for setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end ; 5 .
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of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
Description of Preferred Embodiments As illustrated in Fig. lb, a conventional tag magnetizer used for magnetiziny identification tags upon implantation thereof into specimens such as fish comprises a permanent magnet toroid 150 provided on a downstream side with a magnetic flux shield 152.
Magnetization is accomplished upon movement of the tagged specimens through the toroid and shield in an axial direction indicated by arrow 154.
If the prior art magnetizer of Figure lb is reduced in size and placed around an injection needle 212 ~Figs.
2a and 2b) in order to magnetize a tag 202 prior to implantation thereof into the body tissues o~ a macro-organism, tag 202 and a metal injection wire 207 used for pushing the tag into the macro-organism's body tissues are provided with magnetic field orientations such as those indicated in Fig. 2a. Specifically, tag 202 has a magnetic field with a north pole 204 and an associated south pole 206, while wire 207 has a north pole 208 and a corresponding south pole (not illus~
trated). Both tag 202 and a leading end of wire 207 are contained within an elongate chamber 210 of injection needle 212. South pole 206 of tag 202 is immediately adjacent to north pole 208 OI wire 207, whereby ,.. ;~
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1 tag 202 ~ill tend to adhere to the leading end oE wire 207 and 2 to be withdrawn therewith from a specimen upon the termination 3 of an injection operation.
4 As illustrated in Fig. 2b, one way of avoiding the withdrawal of tag 202 with wire 207 owing to magnetic 6 attraction between opposite poles is to control or set the 7 magnetic fields of tag 202 and wire 207 so that a rear end of 8 tag 202 has a magnetic pole identical in polarity to a magnetic 9 pole at a forward end of wire 207. Por example, as illustrated in Figure 2b, south pole 206 of tag 202 may be disposed 11 adjacent to a south pole 214 generated at the forward end of 12 wire 207. In accordance with the magnetic field orientations 13 illustrated in Figure 2b, tag 202 is repelled by wire 207 and 14 is, therefore, not likely to be retracted or withdrawn therewïth upon the termination of an injection operation.
16 As illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b, a magnetizer for 17 providing a leading end of injection wire 207 with a magnetic 18 pole 214 of the same type as magnetic pole 206 at the rear end 19 of tag 202 immediately prior to and upon the injection of tag 202 into a macro-organism's body tissues comprises a magnetic 21 coil 320 wrapped around a central portion 322 of a magnetic 2~2 core 324 made of iron, ferrite or alloy. Core 324 includes a 23 pair of legs 326 and 328 having respective end portions 316 and 24 317 parallel to and spaced from one another to form a magnetlzing gap 318. An injection needle 312 preferably made 26 of a non-magnetic material such as beryllium copper or a 27 marginally magnetic mateial such as 315 Series stainless steel 28 traverses end portions 316;and 317 of core legs 326 and 328, as 29 well as magnetizing gap 318.
~ Another~ magnetizer 416, shown in Pigures 4a and 4b, .
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1 for providing a leading end of an injection wi{e with a 2 magnetic pole identical to the magnetic pole at the rear end of 3 the identification tag comprises a pair of structurally 4 identical iron, ferrite or alloy members 422 and 424 facing one another to form a magnetic gap 418. Members 422 and 424 6 surround an energizing coil 426 wound on a bobbin (not 7 illustrated). An injection needle 412 made of a non-magnetic 8 material such as beryllium copper or a marginally magnetic g material such as 316 Series stainless steel is disposed along an axis of symmetry of members 422 and 424 and energizing coil 11 426 and traverses members 422 and 424 and gap 418. Energizing 12 coil 426 is provided with a pair of energizing leads 428.
13 Yigure 5a is a detailed view of a portion of Figure 14 4a and shows an identification tag 502 and a leading end of an injection wire 507 positioned within magnetizing`gap 418. Tag 16 502 has entered the gap 41~ from the right side of Figure Sa 17 from a cutting mechanism (not illustrated) located upstream of 18 magnetizer 116 along the injection path partially defined by 19 needle 412. Tag 502 is formed by magnetizing to saturation a wire segment which has been severed from the leading end of 21 wire 507 by the cutting mechanism disposed upstream from 22 ; magnetizer 416.
23 Preferably, the cutting mechanism (similar to that 24 illustrated in Figure 6a~ and magnetizer 416 are stationary, while needle 50Z is shiftable. Needle 502 ~as an upstream end 26 ~ (see needle 612 in Figure 6a) disposed at an outlet of the 27 cutting mechanism for~receiving the severed wire end portion 28 therefrom, 29 Coil 426 (Figure 4b~ is energized by a current transmitted through wlres 428 prior to or upon the arrival of ~: :
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1 the severed wire segment at magnetizing gap 418. While the 2 severed wire portion is located within gap 418 as illustrated 3 in Figure 5a, the severed portion is magnetized to have a north 4 magnetic pole 50q and a south magnetic pole 506, thereby forming tag 502. Simultaneously, the leading end of wire 507 6 has been magnetized to have a north pole 508.
7 Tag 502 is pushed through gap 418 by injection wire 8 507 under the action of a drive mechanism 512 which is 9 operatively connected to or engaged with wire 507, as indicated at 514 in Figures 5a and 5b. Advantageously, the motion of the 11 severed wire portion into gap 418 and the motion of tag 502 12 through and away from gap 418 is a continuous operation 13 monitored by a~motion sensor 516 (Figure 5a), timed by a timer 518 (Figure 5b) or monitored by a counter 520 ~Figure 5b), the counter detecting stepping pulses provided to drive 512 in the 16 case that the drive includes a stepper motor 519. Preferably, ~; drive 512 takes the form of a pair of counterrotating rollers 18 (not shown) driven by stepper motor 519 and the arrival of tag ; ~ 502 at a critical position shown in Figure 5b is detected through the monitoring of stepping pulses Other devices for 21 detecting the motion of injection~wire 507 and the arrival of .~ :
22 tag 502 in the position illustrated in Figure 5b~will be 23 ~ readily conceived by one or ordinary skill in the art.
2~ The motion detector, whether in the form of motion ~::
sensor 516, timer 518 or counter 520, is operatively connected 26 to a control device 522 in turn coupled to a power source 523 ~ ~27 ~ connected to leads 428 l~igure 4a) for reversing the flow Oe ; ~ 28 current through coil 426 and thereby reversing the direction of Z9 a magnetizing field applied through members 422 and 424 at magnetizing gap 418.
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1 In the critical position illustrated in Pigure Sb, 2 tag 502 is shielded by a high permeability pole piece 532 cf 3 magnetic member 402. Accordingly, the magnetic field of tag 4 502 is not reversed or seriously reduced upon the reversal of the magnetic field in magnetizing gap 418. Tag 502 retains a 6 magnetic pole, e.a., a north magnetic pole 504, at its forward 7 end and a south magnetic pole 506 at its rear end. However, 8 the reversal of the magnetizing field effectuates a 9 magnetization of wire 507 so that the leading end thereof has a magnetic pole with the same identity or direction as the 11 magnetic pole at the rear end of tag 502. In particular, as 12 illustrated in Figures 5a and 5b, the leading end of injection 13 wire 507 may be remagnetized to have a south magnetic pole 514 14 instead of a north magnetic pole 508 as generated upon the lS arrival of tag 502 and the leading end of wire 507 at 16 magnetizing gap 418.
17 In the embodiments of the present invention 18 illustrated and described with respect to Figures 3a, 3b, 4a, 19 4b, 5a and 5b, the discussion of Figures Sa and Sb being applicable in part also to the particular structure illustrated 21 in Figures 3a and 3b, magnetization of the tag and reverse 22 magnetization of the leading end of the rejection wire take 23 place subsequently to a severing operation whereby a tag blank 24 is severed from the leading end of the wire. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention illustrated in 26 ~igures 6a, 6b, 6c, severing of the leading end of a wire 607 27 ; is performed after a magnetization step. A magnetizer such as 28 that illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b or Figures 4a and 4b, is 29 disposed upstream of a cutting device shown in Figures 6a, 6b and 6c. Wire 607 is conducted from the magnetizer to the 3~155~
¦ 1 cutting device through a wire guide 6qO. Upon the positioning 2 of a leading end portion 602 of wire 607 within a rotatable 3 component 644 of a rotary shear 642, as illustrated in ~igure 4 6a, the rotatable component is pivoted, as illustrated in s Figure 6b, to sever leading end portion 602 from wire 607.
6 Rotation continues until rotatable component 644 and leading 7 end portion or tag 602 have been rotated through an angle of 8 180~ about an axis extending substantially perpendicularly to 9 the injection path defined by wire 607 and an injection needle 612 connected to rotary shear 692 at an outlet end thereof.
11 Upon the rotation of rotatable component 644 and tag 602 12 through the 180 angle, the end state of which rotation is 13 illustrated in Figure 6c, wire 607 is shifted longitudinally by 14 a drive (e.gO, drive 512 in Figure 5a) to push tag 602 through lS rotary shear 642 and injection needle 612 and into the body 16 tissues of a macro-organism (not shown). Prior to an injection 17 stroke of wire 607, needle 612 is moved away from shear 642 and 18 a forward or distal end of the needle penetrates into body 19 tissues of the specimen.
The rotation of tag 602 upon the severing thereof 21 from the leading end of wire 607 provides tag 602 and the - 22 leading end of wire 607 with magnetic fields having opposite i ~ 23 orientations. In particular, tag 602 has a magnetic field with 24 a north magnetic pole 604 and a south magnetic pole 606 at a rear end and a forward end of the tag, respectively, while wire 26 608 has a magnetic field with a north pole 608 at the leading 27 end of the wlre. Accordingly, the tag and the wire repel one 2~ another, thereby facilitating withdrawal of wire 607 alone and 29 the implantation of tag 602 into the host macro-organism.
Although the invention has been described in terms of ~3~5S~
1 particular embodiments and applications, one of ordinary skill 2 in the art, in light of this teaching, can generate additional 3 embodiments and modifications without departing from the spirit 4 of or exceeding the scope of the claimed invention.
Accordingly it is to be understood that the descriptions and 6 illustrations herein are proffered by way of example to 7 facilitate comprehension of the invention and should not be 8 construed to limit the scope thereof.
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16 As illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b, a magnetizer for 17 providing a leading end of injection wire 207 with a magnetic 18 pole 214 of the same type as magnetic pole 206 at the rear end 19 of tag 202 immediately prior to and upon the injection of tag 202 into a macro-organism's body tissues comprises a magnetic 21 coil 320 wrapped around a central portion 322 of a magnetic 2~2 core 324 made of iron, ferrite or alloy. Core 324 includes a 23 pair of legs 326 and 328 having respective end portions 316 and 24 317 parallel to and spaced from one another to form a magnetlzing gap 318. An injection needle 312 preferably made 26 of a non-magnetic material such as beryllium copper or a 27 marginally magnetic mateial such as 315 Series stainless steel 28 traverses end portions 316;and 317 of core legs 326 and 328, as 29 well as magnetizing gap 318.
~ Another~ magnetizer 416, shown in Pigures 4a and 4b, .
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1 for providing a leading end of an injection wi{e with a 2 magnetic pole identical to the magnetic pole at the rear end of 3 the identification tag comprises a pair of structurally 4 identical iron, ferrite or alloy members 422 and 424 facing one another to form a magnetic gap 418. Members 422 and 424 6 surround an energizing coil 426 wound on a bobbin (not 7 illustrated). An injection needle 412 made of a non-magnetic 8 material such as beryllium copper or a marginally magnetic g material such as 316 Series stainless steel is disposed along an axis of symmetry of members 422 and 424 and energizing coil 11 426 and traverses members 422 and 424 and gap 418. Energizing 12 coil 426 is provided with a pair of energizing leads 428.
13 Yigure 5a is a detailed view of a portion of Figure 14 4a and shows an identification tag 502 and a leading end of an injection wire 507 positioned within magnetizing`gap 418. Tag 16 502 has entered the gap 41~ from the right side of Figure Sa 17 from a cutting mechanism (not illustrated) located upstream of 18 magnetizer 116 along the injection path partially defined by 19 needle 412. Tag 502 is formed by magnetizing to saturation a wire segment which has been severed from the leading end of 21 wire 507 by the cutting mechanism disposed upstream from 22 ; magnetizer 416.
23 Preferably, the cutting mechanism (similar to that 24 illustrated in Figure 6a~ and magnetizer 416 are stationary, while needle 50Z is shiftable. Needle 502 ~as an upstream end 26 ~ (see needle 612 in Figure 6a) disposed at an outlet of the 27 cutting mechanism for~receiving the severed wire end portion 28 therefrom, 29 Coil 426 (Figure 4b~ is energized by a current transmitted through wlres 428 prior to or upon the arrival of ~: :
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1 the severed wire segment at magnetizing gap 418. While the 2 severed wire portion is located within gap 418 as illustrated 3 in Figure 5a, the severed portion is magnetized to have a north 4 magnetic pole 50q and a south magnetic pole 506, thereby forming tag 502. Simultaneously, the leading end of wire 507 6 has been magnetized to have a north pole 508.
7 Tag 502 is pushed through gap 418 by injection wire 8 507 under the action of a drive mechanism 512 which is 9 operatively connected to or engaged with wire 507, as indicated at 514 in Figures 5a and 5b. Advantageously, the motion of the 11 severed wire portion into gap 418 and the motion of tag 502 12 through and away from gap 418 is a continuous operation 13 monitored by a~motion sensor 516 (Figure 5a), timed by a timer 518 (Figure 5b) or monitored by a counter 520 ~Figure 5b), the counter detecting stepping pulses provided to drive 512 in the 16 case that the drive includes a stepper motor 519. Preferably, ~; drive 512 takes the form of a pair of counterrotating rollers 18 (not shown) driven by stepper motor 519 and the arrival of tag ; ~ 502 at a critical position shown in Figure 5b is detected through the monitoring of stepping pulses Other devices for 21 detecting the motion of injection~wire 507 and the arrival of .~ :
22 tag 502 in the position illustrated in Figure 5b~will be 23 ~ readily conceived by one or ordinary skill in the art.
2~ The motion detector, whether in the form of motion ~::
sensor 516, timer 518 or counter 520, is operatively connected 26 to a control device 522 in turn coupled to a power source 523 ~ ~27 ~ connected to leads 428 l~igure 4a) for reversing the flow Oe ; ~ 28 current through coil 426 and thereby reversing the direction of Z9 a magnetizing field applied through members 422 and 424 at magnetizing gap 418.
g_ - '~ .
~3~;i5~
1 In the critical position illustrated in Pigure Sb, 2 tag 502 is shielded by a high permeability pole piece 532 cf 3 magnetic member 402. Accordingly, the magnetic field of tag 4 502 is not reversed or seriously reduced upon the reversal of the magnetic field in magnetizing gap 418. Tag 502 retains a 6 magnetic pole, e.a., a north magnetic pole 504, at its forward 7 end and a south magnetic pole 506 at its rear end. However, 8 the reversal of the magnetizing field effectuates a 9 magnetization of wire 507 so that the leading end thereof has a magnetic pole with the same identity or direction as the 11 magnetic pole at the rear end of tag 502. In particular, as 12 illustrated in Figures 5a and 5b, the leading end of injection 13 wire 507 may be remagnetized to have a south magnetic pole 514 14 instead of a north magnetic pole 508 as generated upon the lS arrival of tag 502 and the leading end of wire 507 at 16 magnetizing gap 418.
17 In the embodiments of the present invention 18 illustrated and described with respect to Figures 3a, 3b, 4a, 19 4b, 5a and 5b, the discussion of Figures Sa and Sb being applicable in part also to the particular structure illustrated 21 in Figures 3a and 3b, magnetization of the tag and reverse 22 magnetization of the leading end of the rejection wire take 23 place subsequently to a severing operation whereby a tag blank 24 is severed from the leading end of the wire. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention illustrated in 26 ~igures 6a, 6b, 6c, severing of the leading end of a wire 607 27 ; is performed after a magnetization step. A magnetizer such as 28 that illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b or Figures 4a and 4b, is 29 disposed upstream of a cutting device shown in Figures 6a, 6b and 6c. Wire 607 is conducted from the magnetizer to the 3~155~
¦ 1 cutting device through a wire guide 6qO. Upon the positioning 2 of a leading end portion 602 of wire 607 within a rotatable 3 component 644 of a rotary shear 642, as illustrated in ~igure 4 6a, the rotatable component is pivoted, as illustrated in s Figure 6b, to sever leading end portion 602 from wire 607.
6 Rotation continues until rotatable component 644 and leading 7 end portion or tag 602 have been rotated through an angle of 8 180~ about an axis extending substantially perpendicularly to 9 the injection path defined by wire 607 and an injection needle 612 connected to rotary shear 692 at an outlet end thereof.
11 Upon the rotation of rotatable component 644 and tag 602 12 through the 180 angle, the end state of which rotation is 13 illustrated in Figure 6c, wire 607 is shifted longitudinally by 14 a drive (e.gO, drive 512 in Figure 5a) to push tag 602 through lS rotary shear 642 and injection needle 612 and into the body 16 tissues of a macro-organism (not shown). Prior to an injection 17 stroke of wire 607, needle 612 is moved away from shear 642 and 18 a forward or distal end of the needle penetrates into body 19 tissues of the specimen.
The rotation of tag 602 upon the severing thereof 21 from the leading end of wire 607 provides tag 602 and the - 22 leading end of wire 607 with magnetic fields having opposite i ~ 23 orientations. In particular, tag 602 has a magnetic field with 24 a north magnetic pole 604 and a south magnetic pole 606 at a rear end and a forward end of the tag, respectively, while wire 26 608 has a magnetic field with a north pole 608 at the leading 27 end of the wlre. Accordingly, the tag and the wire repel one 2~ another, thereby facilitating withdrawal of wire 607 alone and 29 the implantation of tag 602 into the host macro-organism.
Although the invention has been described in terms of ~3~5S~
1 particular embodiments and applications, one of ordinary skill 2 in the art, in light of this teaching, can generate additional 3 embodiments and modifications without departing from the spirit 4 of or exceeding the scope of the claimed invention.
Accordingly it is to be understood that the descriptions and 6 illustrations herein are proffered by way of example to 7 facilitate comprehension of the invention and should not be 8 construed to limit the scope thereof.
~>~
: 24 ~ ~ :
: : 26 ~ :
~ ~ 27:
:
: :2 :~ ` : : :
: ~ :
.
',
Claims (16)
1. In a method for tagging a macro-organism, including the step of forming from one end of a wire a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said method further including the step of injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle, said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation, the improvement comprising the step of:
setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said step of forming includes the steps of severing a forward end portion of said wire and subjecting the severed end portion to a first magnetizing field having a first predetermined orientation, said step of setting including the step of subjecting said leading end of said wire to a second magnetizing field having a second predetermined orientation opposed to said first predetermined orientation.
3. The method defined in claim 2 wherein said step of forming further includes the step of pushing said wire and said severed end portion through said first magnetizing field, said step of setting further including the step of generating said second magnetizing field by reversing the orientation of said first magnetizing field upon the attainment of a predetermined position by said severed end portion relative to said first magnetizing field.
4. The method defined in claim 2, further comprising the step of shielding said tag from said second magnetizing field.
5. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said step of forming includes the steps of subjecting said one end of said wire to a magnetizing field and subsequently severing an end portion of said wire at said one end to thereby form said tag, said step of setting including the step of rotating said tag substantially 180° about an axis substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of said wire.
6. A method for tagging a macro-organism, comprising the steps of:
severing an end portion of a wire;
magnetizing the severed end portion to form a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation;
providing a leading end of said wire, upon formation of said severed end portion, with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself partially inserted into said body tissues;
setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from said body tissues together with said wire; and withdrawing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
severing an end portion of a wire;
magnetizing the severed end portion to form a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation;
providing a leading end of said wire, upon formation of said severed end portion, with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself partially inserted into said body tissues;
setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from said body tissues together with said wire; and withdrawing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
7. The method defined in claim 6 wherein said step of magnetizing includes the step of subjecting said tag to a first magnetizing field having a first predetermined orientation, said step of providing including the step of subjecting said leading end of said wire to a second magnetizing field having a second predetermined orientation, said step of setting including the step of controlling said second pretermined orientation to be opposed to said first orientation.
8. The method defined in claim 7, further comprising the step of pushing said severed end portion by means of said wire through said first magnetizing field, said step of controlling including the step of generating said second magnetizing field by reversing the orientation of said first magnetizing field upon attainment of a predetermined position by said severed end portion relative to said first magnetizing field.
9. The method defined in claim 8, further comprising the step of shielding said tag from said second magnetizing field.
10. A method for tagging a macro-organism, comprising the steps of:
magnetizing one end of a wire;
severing an end portion of said one end of said wire to form a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said wire having upon said step of severing a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
rotating said tag about an axis substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of said wire so that said first orientation and said second orientation are opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself inserted into said body tissues; and removing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
magnetizing one end of a wire;
severing an end portion of said one end of said wire to form a tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said wire having upon said step of severing a leading end with a magnetic field having a second orientation;
rotating said tag about an axis substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of said wire so that said first orientation and said second orientation are opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire;
injecting said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism by pushing said tag with said wire through a hollow injection needle itself inserted into said body tissues; and removing said wire and said needle from said body tissues.
11. The method defined in claim 10 wherein said step of rotating comprises the step of rotating said tag through an angle of approximately 180°.
12. A device for tagging a macro-organism, comprising:
a hollow injection needle at least partially insertable into body tissues of the macro-organism;
a wire at least partially disposable in said needle for pushing a tag through said needle, said needle having an inner diameter larger than an outer dimension of said tag and said wire, said needle and said wire defining an injection path;
means located along said path for severing an end portion from a leading end of said wire;
means located along said path for magnetizing said end portion, the magnetized and severed end portion constituting said tag, said tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said leading end of said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a magnetic field with a second orientation;
means engageable with said wire for moving said wire through said needle to thereby push said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism upon a partial insertion of said needle into said body tissues; and means, operatively connected to at least one of said means for magnetizing and said means for severing, for setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
a hollow injection needle at least partially insertable into body tissues of the macro-organism;
a wire at least partially disposable in said needle for pushing a tag through said needle, said needle having an inner diameter larger than an outer dimension of said tag and said wire, said needle and said wire defining an injection path;
means located along said path for severing an end portion from a leading end of said wire;
means located along said path for magnetizing said end portion, the magnetized and severed end portion constituting said tag, said tag having a magnetic field with a first orientation, said leading end of said wire having, upon formation of said tag, a magnetic field with a second orientation;
means engageable with said wire for moving said wire through said needle to thereby push said tag into body tissues of the macro-organism upon a partial insertion of said needle into said body tissues; and means, operatively connected to at least one of said means for magnetizing and said means for severing, for setting said first orientation and said second orientation to be opposite to one another at least in a region about a rear end of said tag and said leading end of said wire immediately prior to and immediately after injection of said tag into the macro-organism, whereby said leading end of said wire repels said tag and thereby prevents said tag from being withdrawn from the body tissues of the macro-organism together with said wire.
13. The device defined in claim 12 wherein said means for magnetizing is located downstream of said means for severing, whereby said end portion is first severed and subsequently magnetized, said means for magnetizing including means for producing a first magnetizing field having a first orientation for magnetizing the severed end portion, said means for setting including means for producing a second magnetizing field by reversing the orientation of said first magnetizing field upon the attainment of predetermined position by said severed end portion relative to said first magnetizing field, whereby said second orientation is opposed to said first directional orientation.
14. The device defined in claim 13, further comprising means for shielding said tag from said second magnetizing field.
15. The device defined in claim 12 wherein said means for magnetizing is located upstream of said means for severing, whereby said end portion is first magnetized and subsequently severed, said means for setting including means for rotating the magnetized and severed end portion substantially 180° about a transverse axis extending substantially perpendicularly to said path.
16. The device defined in claim 15 wherein said means for severing includes a rotatable member and drive means for rotating same about said transverse axis, said means for setting being operatively connected to said drive means for rotating said rotatable member about said transverse axis upon a positioning of the magnetized end portion of said wire at an upstream end portion of said rotatable member.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US916,165 | 1986-10-07 | ||
| US06/916,165 US4679559A (en) | 1986-10-07 | 1986-10-07 | Method and device for tagging a macro-organism |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1305514C true CA1305514C (en) | 1992-07-21 |
Family
ID=25436802
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000548708A Expired - Lifetime CA1305514C (en) | 1986-10-07 | 1987-10-06 | Method and device for tagging a macro-organism |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4679559A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63185326A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1305514C (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5074318A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1991-12-24 | Bio Medic Data Systems, Inc. | Animal marker |
| US5002548A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1991-03-26 | Bio Medic Data Systems, Inc. | Animal marker implanting system |
| US4787384A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1988-11-29 | Bio Medic Data System, Inc. | Animal marker implanting system |
| US5024727A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1991-06-18 | Bio Medic Data Systems, Inc. | Method of forming an animal marker implanting system |
| US4909250A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1990-03-20 | Smith Joseph R | Implant system for animal identification |
| US20110215922A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2011-09-08 | Armstrong Keith C | System and method for locating an individual |
| US20080316014A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-25 | Armstrong Keith C | System and a method for locating an individual |
| US7834760B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-11-16 | Armstrong Keith C | System and method for locating an individual |
| ES2347300T3 (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2010-10-27 | Inve Technologies Nv | METHOD FOR TREATING ARTEMY CYCLES. |
| US10101429B2 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2018-10-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Acoustic transmission device and process for tracking selected hosts |
| US10067112B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-09-04 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Autonomous sensor fish to support advanced hydropower development |
| US10236920B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2019-03-19 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Signal transmitter and methods for transmitting signals from animals |
| US11278004B2 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Transmitters for animals and methods for transmitting from animals |
| US10531639B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2020-01-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Systems and methods for monitoring organisms within an aquatic environment |
| US11533818B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2022-12-20 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Sensor assemblies and methods for emulating interaction of entities within water systems |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE743502C (en) * | 1942-07-09 | 1943-12-28 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Eye magnet made of a permanent magnet material with a preferred magnetic direction |
| US2517325A (en) * | 1947-04-07 | 1950-08-01 | Anthony H Lamb | Magnetic probe |
| US2853075A (en) * | 1956-07-10 | 1958-09-23 | Roy D Hoffman | Rumen trocar extricator |
| US3128744A (en) * | 1963-01-02 | 1964-04-14 | Keith B Jefferts | Method for investigating the migratory habits of macro-organisms |
| US3313301A (en) * | 1963-01-02 | 1967-04-11 | Keith B Jefferts | Instrument to implant tags in macro-organisms |
| US3369525A (en) * | 1966-04-13 | 1968-02-20 | Technical Res Co | Identification tag implanting machine |
| US3545405A (en) * | 1969-03-24 | 1970-12-08 | Keith B Jefferts | Apparatus for investigating the migratory habits of macro-organisms |
| US3820545A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1974-06-28 | K Jefferts | Tag implanting machine |
| FR2351646A1 (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1977-12-16 | Nogier Paul | IMPROVEMENTS IN ACUPUNCTURE METHODS AND EQUIPMENT |
| US4233964A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1980-11-18 | Jefferts Keith B | Internally readable identifying tag |
-
1986
- 1986-10-07 US US06/916,165 patent/US4679559A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-10-06 CA CA000548708A patent/CA1305514C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-06 JP JP62250811A patent/JPS63185326A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63185326A (en) | 1988-07-30 |
| US4679559A (en) | 1987-07-14 |
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