CA1322910C - Device for preventing involuntary micturition - Google Patents
Device for preventing involuntary micturitionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1322910C CA1322910C CA000577246A CA577246A CA1322910C CA 1322910 C CA1322910 C CA 1322910C CA 000577246 A CA000577246 A CA 000577246A CA 577246 A CA577246 A CA 577246A CA 1322910 C CA1322910 C CA 1322910C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- urethra
- knob
- preventing
- thin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/0004—Closure means for urethra or rectum, i.e. anti-incontinence devices or support slings against pelvic prolapse
- A61F2/0022—Closure means for urethra or rectum, i.e. anti-incontinence devices or support slings against pelvic prolapse placed deep in the body opening
Abstract
Abstract:
A device for preventing involuntary micturition, preferably in human females, comprises an oblong, comparatively thin shaft (1). This shaft (1) carries at least one knob (2, 3, 4) forming a thickening on the shaft (1) and being arranged at a distance from the proximal end of the shaft (1). The proximal end of the shaft (1) is provided with a comparatively thin, transverse flap (5).
A device for preventing involuntary micturition, preferably in human females, comprises an oblong, comparatively thin shaft (1). This shaft (1) carries at least one knob (2, 3, 4) forming a thickening on the shaft (1) and being arranged at a distance from the proximal end of the shaft (1). The proximal end of the shaft (1) is provided with a comparatively thin, transverse flap (5).
Description
Title: A device for preventing involuntarv micturition Technical Field 5 The present invention relates to a device for preventing involuntary micturition, preferably in human females.
Background Art 10 Numerous devices for preventing involuntary micturition in human females are known. Such devices include for instance a device inserted in the urethra by means of a special instrument, said device expanding in the urethra when the instrument is removed. Such devices are usually 15 difficult to manipulate and irritate a patient during use.
Disclosure of the Invention 20 The object of the present invention is to provide a device easy to insert and causing no irritation to a patient carrying the device.
The object of the invention is accomplished by a device 25 comprising an oblong, substantially form-stable body with varying cross-sectional diameter, the proximal end of the oblong body being provided with a comparatively thin, transverse flap.
30 As a result the inventive device is easily inserted in the urethra and has shown itself to be unproblematic during use. Moreover the device is easily removable, since it can be pressed out by the user during voluntary micturi-tion. Optionally it can also be withdrawn by holding on 35 to the flap at the proximal end. The flap acts also as a safeguard against the device being too deeply inserted in the urethra.
~`
According to the invention the oblong body is a comparatively thin shaft carrying at least one knob forming thickenings on the shaft and being arranged at a distance from the proximal end of the shaft. This embodiment of the inventive device is of special advantage with respect to prevention of involuntary micturition. This is predominantly due to its tendency to position itself in such a way that the knobs are located within the strongest sections of the urethral muscles, thus increasing the sphincteral pressure of the urethra.
In an especially preferred embodiment the shaft comprises three mutually spaced knobs.
In accordance with the invention the knob or knobs can be of ellipsoid shape thus achieving an especially gentle and well-functioning co-operation with the surrounding urethral tissue and muscles.
Further in accordance with the invention, the thin, transverse flap can have the form of an annular disc.
Thus the inventive device is easy to manipulate during the insertion and the optional withdrawal.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method for controlling involuntary micturition is contemplated by providing an elongated shaft having first and second ends, a transverse flap attached to the first end, and at least one knob located on the shaft near the second end. The knob is of sufficient size such that it can pass into the urethra and may be sd/lcd -1 3229 ~ O
retained therein. By grasping the first end, the second end can be inserted into the urethra and left therein until micturition is to be performed whereupon the shaft may be removed from the urethra to empty the bladder.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of an especially suitable embodiment of an inventive device, and Fig. 2 is a graphic representation of the pressure in the urethra of a person with a normally functioning urethra, and of a patient suffering from urinary incontinence.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention The device of Fig. 1 comprises an oblong body in form of sd/lcd '~
t~2~tO
a comparatively thin shaft 1 with three mutually spaced ellipsoid knobs 2, 3 and 4, the knob 4 being at the distal end of the shaft, said end being placed furthest inside the urethra during use. The proximal end of the shaft 1 5 is provided with a thin disc 5.
In a preferred embodiment the device is of a length of approx. 5 cm, and the shaft 1 is of annular cross-section with a diameter of approx. 2 mm. The knobs 2, 3 and 4 10 have a mutual distance of approx. 4 mm and their largest diameter measured perpendicular to the shaft is approx. 7 mm. The length of the knobs 2, 3 and 4 is approx. 8 mm, measured in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. The annular disc 5 is of a diameter of approx. 14 mm and of a 15 thickness of less than 0.5 mm. The entire device is suit-ably integrally made of a comparatively soft plastic material having such a rigidity that it is easily inserted in the urethra. The shaft is optionally hollow to receive an insertion means in form of a long, thin pin. The plastic 20 material is preferably tissue-compatible and desinfecting.
The urethra of an adult human female is usually of a length of 3-5 cm and surrounded by muscles over its entire length from the bladder to the external urethral ostium. The 25 strongest muscles of this muscle group are situated adjacent the bladder as well as in the middle of the urethra. These muscles usually seal off the urethra. A
graphic representation of the pressure maintaining a sealed urethra in a human female usually follows a curve depicted 30 at I in Fig. 2. The abscissa indicates the length of the urethra measured from the bladder to the external urethral ostium (M), and the ordinate indicates the pressure measured in Pa. Usually the pressure in the urethra is approx. 600 - 700 Pa. The intravesical pressure of a person 35 standing upright is normally between 300 and 400 Pa, as indicated by means of curve II in Fig. 2. Thus the normal safety margin is approx. 400 Pa over the entire length of t 3229 1 0 the urethra. Curve III of Fig.2 shows a pressure distribu-tion for-the urethra of a patient suffering from incon-tinence. As is apparent, only a short part of the urethra, i.e. approx. 5 mm, is subjected to a sphincteral pressure 5 higher than the intravesical pressure.
The device of Fig. 1 was tested with the patient on which the pressure distribution of curve III, Fig. 2, was measured. Prior to insertion of the device the ability of 10 the urethra to retain liquids was tested. The bladder was filled with 300 ml water (75% filled), whereupon the person was asked to take the elevator up to the next floor and return via the staircase. This trip was repeated twice.
During the experiment the person lost the 300 ml water and 15 additionally approx. 50-100 ml liquid produced during the experiment.
The experiment was then repeated with the device of Fig.
1 inserted in the urethra. During this experiment the 20 person lost only approx. 15 ml.
An examination of the position of the device in the urethra revealed that the knob 2 closest to the disc 5 was about in the middle of the urethra, i.e. within the area where 25 the sphincteral pressure is highest, while the two following knobs were positioned in the vesical ostium and inside the bladder, respectively. It cannot be excluded that the two latter knobs had some effect with respect to retaining liquid, but the presence of three knobs 2, 3 30 and 4 allows the device to obtain a better position with respect to the muscles of the urinary tract compared to a device with only one knob. By measuring the pressure in the urethra of a patient suffering from incontinence it is apparent where the muscles are strongest, thus permitting 35 the selection of the device best corresponding to the needs of the patient in question. In such a case the distances between the knobs and the annular disc 5 may differ from the ones above.
The above experiment was repeated with other patients, i.a.
also with men, and had the same promising results.
A special characteristic of the inventive device is that it turned out to act as a stimulant to the urethral muscles. Experiments have shown that these muscles dis-played a temporary increase in strength after use of the 10 inventive device.
The invention is described with respect to a preferred embodiment. Many alterations can, however, be made without thereby deviating from the scope of the invention. The 15 knobs can be of a shape other than ellipsoid. The annular disc can be replaced by a small strip projecting to one side with respect to the shaft. The device can, if so desired, be provided with a cavity (6) as to increase its flexibility. This cavity can for instance open out-20 wardly at the end where the annular disc is located. Insuch a case the inventive device can be inserted by means of a stiff, oblong means (not shown) inserted in the cavity (6) and removed after the inventive device has been posi-tioned in the urethra. The number of knobs can, if desired, 25 also differ from the one shown. Instead of a thin shaft with knobs the oblong body can be of larger diameter and provided with a number of recesses.
Background Art 10 Numerous devices for preventing involuntary micturition in human females are known. Such devices include for instance a device inserted in the urethra by means of a special instrument, said device expanding in the urethra when the instrument is removed. Such devices are usually 15 difficult to manipulate and irritate a patient during use.
Disclosure of the Invention 20 The object of the present invention is to provide a device easy to insert and causing no irritation to a patient carrying the device.
The object of the invention is accomplished by a device 25 comprising an oblong, substantially form-stable body with varying cross-sectional diameter, the proximal end of the oblong body being provided with a comparatively thin, transverse flap.
30 As a result the inventive device is easily inserted in the urethra and has shown itself to be unproblematic during use. Moreover the device is easily removable, since it can be pressed out by the user during voluntary micturi-tion. Optionally it can also be withdrawn by holding on 35 to the flap at the proximal end. The flap acts also as a safeguard against the device being too deeply inserted in the urethra.
~`
According to the invention the oblong body is a comparatively thin shaft carrying at least one knob forming thickenings on the shaft and being arranged at a distance from the proximal end of the shaft. This embodiment of the inventive device is of special advantage with respect to prevention of involuntary micturition. This is predominantly due to its tendency to position itself in such a way that the knobs are located within the strongest sections of the urethral muscles, thus increasing the sphincteral pressure of the urethra.
In an especially preferred embodiment the shaft comprises three mutually spaced knobs.
In accordance with the invention the knob or knobs can be of ellipsoid shape thus achieving an especially gentle and well-functioning co-operation with the surrounding urethral tissue and muscles.
Further in accordance with the invention, the thin, transverse flap can have the form of an annular disc.
Thus the inventive device is easy to manipulate during the insertion and the optional withdrawal.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method for controlling involuntary micturition is contemplated by providing an elongated shaft having first and second ends, a transverse flap attached to the first end, and at least one knob located on the shaft near the second end. The knob is of sufficient size such that it can pass into the urethra and may be sd/lcd -1 3229 ~ O
retained therein. By grasping the first end, the second end can be inserted into the urethra and left therein until micturition is to be performed whereupon the shaft may be removed from the urethra to empty the bladder.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of an especially suitable embodiment of an inventive device, and Fig. 2 is a graphic representation of the pressure in the urethra of a person with a normally functioning urethra, and of a patient suffering from urinary incontinence.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention The device of Fig. 1 comprises an oblong body in form of sd/lcd '~
t~2~tO
a comparatively thin shaft 1 with three mutually spaced ellipsoid knobs 2, 3 and 4, the knob 4 being at the distal end of the shaft, said end being placed furthest inside the urethra during use. The proximal end of the shaft 1 5 is provided with a thin disc 5.
In a preferred embodiment the device is of a length of approx. 5 cm, and the shaft 1 is of annular cross-section with a diameter of approx. 2 mm. The knobs 2, 3 and 4 10 have a mutual distance of approx. 4 mm and their largest diameter measured perpendicular to the shaft is approx. 7 mm. The length of the knobs 2, 3 and 4 is approx. 8 mm, measured in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. The annular disc 5 is of a diameter of approx. 14 mm and of a 15 thickness of less than 0.5 mm. The entire device is suit-ably integrally made of a comparatively soft plastic material having such a rigidity that it is easily inserted in the urethra. The shaft is optionally hollow to receive an insertion means in form of a long, thin pin. The plastic 20 material is preferably tissue-compatible and desinfecting.
The urethra of an adult human female is usually of a length of 3-5 cm and surrounded by muscles over its entire length from the bladder to the external urethral ostium. The 25 strongest muscles of this muscle group are situated adjacent the bladder as well as in the middle of the urethra. These muscles usually seal off the urethra. A
graphic representation of the pressure maintaining a sealed urethra in a human female usually follows a curve depicted 30 at I in Fig. 2. The abscissa indicates the length of the urethra measured from the bladder to the external urethral ostium (M), and the ordinate indicates the pressure measured in Pa. Usually the pressure in the urethra is approx. 600 - 700 Pa. The intravesical pressure of a person 35 standing upright is normally between 300 and 400 Pa, as indicated by means of curve II in Fig. 2. Thus the normal safety margin is approx. 400 Pa over the entire length of t 3229 1 0 the urethra. Curve III of Fig.2 shows a pressure distribu-tion for-the urethra of a patient suffering from incon-tinence. As is apparent, only a short part of the urethra, i.e. approx. 5 mm, is subjected to a sphincteral pressure 5 higher than the intravesical pressure.
The device of Fig. 1 was tested with the patient on which the pressure distribution of curve III, Fig. 2, was measured. Prior to insertion of the device the ability of 10 the urethra to retain liquids was tested. The bladder was filled with 300 ml water (75% filled), whereupon the person was asked to take the elevator up to the next floor and return via the staircase. This trip was repeated twice.
During the experiment the person lost the 300 ml water and 15 additionally approx. 50-100 ml liquid produced during the experiment.
The experiment was then repeated with the device of Fig.
1 inserted in the urethra. During this experiment the 20 person lost only approx. 15 ml.
An examination of the position of the device in the urethra revealed that the knob 2 closest to the disc 5 was about in the middle of the urethra, i.e. within the area where 25 the sphincteral pressure is highest, while the two following knobs were positioned in the vesical ostium and inside the bladder, respectively. It cannot be excluded that the two latter knobs had some effect with respect to retaining liquid, but the presence of three knobs 2, 3 30 and 4 allows the device to obtain a better position with respect to the muscles of the urinary tract compared to a device with only one knob. By measuring the pressure in the urethra of a patient suffering from incontinence it is apparent where the muscles are strongest, thus permitting 35 the selection of the device best corresponding to the needs of the patient in question. In such a case the distances between the knobs and the annular disc 5 may differ from the ones above.
The above experiment was repeated with other patients, i.a.
also with men, and had the same promising results.
A special characteristic of the inventive device is that it turned out to act as a stimulant to the urethral muscles. Experiments have shown that these muscles dis-played a temporary increase in strength after use of the 10 inventive device.
The invention is described with respect to a preferred embodiment. Many alterations can, however, be made without thereby deviating from the scope of the invention. The 15 knobs can be of a shape other than ellipsoid. The annular disc can be replaced by a small strip projecting to one side with respect to the shaft. The device can, if so desired, be provided with a cavity (6) as to increase its flexibility. This cavity can for instance open out-20 wardly at the end where the annular disc is located. Insuch a case the inventive device can be inserted by means of a stiff, oblong means (not shown) inserted in the cavity (6) and removed after the inventive device has been posi-tioned in the urethra. The number of knobs can, if desired, 25 also differ from the one shown. Instead of a thin shaft with knobs the oblong body can be of larger diameter and provided with a number of recesses.
Claims (23)
1. A device for preventing involuntary micturition, preferably in human females, comprising a substantially solid oblong; substantially form-stable flexible body with varying cross-sectional area depending on the distance from an end of the body and providing at least one knob forming a thickening arranged at a distance from a first end of the body, said knob sized to pass into the urethra and to retain the device in the urethra, and that the first end of the oblong body is provided with a comparatively thin, transverse flap, extending perpendicular to the axis of the body.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the oblong body is a shaft (1) having three mutually spaced knobs (2, 3, 4).
3. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the knob or knobs ( 2, 3, 4) are of a substantially ellipsoid shape.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the thin, transverse flap (5) has the shape of an annular disc.
5. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is made in form of one integral part of a plastic material.
6. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the body (1) is provided with a cavity (6) with an opening at the flap (5).
7. A device for preventing involuntary micturition, comprising a thin shaft having a first end, a second end and a closed-ended cavity, said shaft having three mutually spaced, ellipsoidal knobs arranged near the second end, said knobs being sized to pass into the urethra and to retain the device in the urethra, said cavity having an opening at said first end to receive an insertion means, said first end being attached to a thin, transverse flap in the shape of an annular disc, and said device being formed from a single piece of soft plastic.
8. A micturition controlling device comprising:
means for preventing involuntary micturition, said means comprising a closed shaft and having a first end and a second end;
means for positioning the preventing means in the urethra, said positioning means being located on the preventing means near the second end, said positioning means shaped and situated to cooperate with urethral muscles, said positioning means being sized to pass into the urethra and to retain the device in the urethra; and means for facilitating withdrawing the preventing means, said facilitating means being attached to the first end of the preventing means, said facilitating means further preventing the device being too deeply inserted into the urethra.
means for preventing involuntary micturition, said means comprising a closed shaft and having a first end and a second end;
means for positioning the preventing means in the urethra, said positioning means being located on the preventing means near the second end, said positioning means shaped and situated to cooperate with urethral muscles, said positioning means being sized to pass into the urethra and to retain the device in the urethra; and means for facilitating withdrawing the preventing means, said facilitating means being attached to the first end of the preventing means, said facilitating means further preventing the device being too deeply inserted into the urethra.
9. A device as in claim 8, wherein said preventing means comprises a shaft of variable diameter.
10. A device as in claim 9, wherein said shaft comprises at least one knob which is located near the second end of the shaft and which facilitates positioning of the device within the urethra.
11. A device as in claim 10, wherein said knob is of a substantially ellipsoidal shape.
12. A device as in claim 9, wherein said shaft comprises three mutually spaced knobs, which are located near the second end of the shaft and which facilitate positioning of the device within the urethra.
13. A device as in claim 8, wherein said facilitating means comprises a transverse flap.
14. A device as in claim 13, wherein said transverse flap has the shape of a thin, annular disc.
15. A device as in claim 8, further comprising means for insertion, said insertion means comprising a cavity in said shaft having an opening at the first end of the shaft and a means for filling the cavity.
16. A device as in claim 15, wherein said filling means is a long, thin pin.
17. A device as in claim 8, wherein said device is made of one integral piece of soft plastic.
18. A device for preventing involuntary micturition comprising:
a substantially solid shaft of variable diameter for preventing micturition, said shaft having a first end and a second end;
at least one knob for positioning the shaft in the urethra, said knob being located on the shaft near its second end, said knob being shaped and situated to cooperate with urethral muscles, and said knob being sized to pass into the urethra and to retain the device in the urethra;
a transverse flap for facilitating withdrawing the shaft, said flap being attached to the first end of the shaft, said flap further preventing the device being too deeply inserted into the urethra.
a substantially solid shaft of variable diameter for preventing micturition, said shaft having a first end and a second end;
at least one knob for positioning the shaft in the urethra, said knob being located on the shaft near its second end, said knob being shaped and situated to cooperate with urethral muscles, and said knob being sized to pass into the urethra and to retain the device in the urethra;
a transverse flap for facilitating withdrawing the shaft, said flap being attached to the first end of the shaft, said flap further preventing the device being too deeply inserted into the urethra.
19. A device as in claim 18, wherein at least one knob comprises three mutually spaced knobs.
20. A device as in claim 18, wherein said knob is of a substantially ellipsoidal shape.
21. A device as in claim 18, wherein said transverse flap has the shape of a thin, annular disc.
22. A device as in claim 18, wherein the shaft, knob, and transverse flap are made of one integral piece of soft plastic.
23. A device as in claim 18, further comprising a pin for insertion, said pin being inserted into a cavity with an opening at the first end of the shaft.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK484087A DK162185C (en) | 1987-09-15 | 1987-09-15 | Device for preventing involuntary discharge of urine |
DK4840/87 | 1987-09-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1322910C true CA1322910C (en) | 1993-10-12 |
Family
ID=8137120
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000577246A Expired - Fee Related CA1322910C (en) | 1987-09-15 | 1988-09-13 | Device for preventing involuntary micturition |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5082006A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0378568B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2695218B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE77227T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU617706B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1322910C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3872243T3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK162185C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2010362A6 (en) |
FI (1) | FI93793C (en) |
HU (1) | HU207435B (en) |
NO (1) | NO171482C (en) |
RU (1) | RU2020897C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989002257A1 (en) |
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-
1987
- 1987-09-15 DK DK484087A patent/DK162185C/en active
-
1988
- 1988-09-13 CA CA000577246A patent/CA1322910C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-14 EP EP88908175A patent/EP0378568B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-14 JP JP63507845A patent/JP2695218B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-14 AT AT88908175T patent/ATE77227T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-14 US US07/469,533 patent/US5082006A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-14 WO PCT/DK1988/000152 patent/WO1989002257A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-09-14 HU HU885817A patent/HU207435B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-14 DE DE3872243T patent/DE3872243T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-14 AU AU24897/88A patent/AU617706B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-15 ES ES8802830A patent/ES2010362A6/en not_active Expired
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1990
- 1990-03-14 RU SU904743448A patent/RU2020897C1/en active
- 1990-03-14 NO NO901191A patent/NO171482C/en unknown
- 1990-03-14 FI FI901285A patent/FI93793C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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AU617706B2 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
JP2695218B2 (en) | 1997-12-24 |
NO901191D0 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
FI93793C (en) | 1995-06-12 |
DE3872243D1 (en) | 1992-07-23 |
EP0378568A1 (en) | 1990-07-25 |
DK162185C (en) | 1998-02-23 |
AU2489788A (en) | 1989-04-17 |
NO901191L (en) | 1990-03-14 |
DK162185B (en) | 1991-09-30 |
HU207435B (en) | 1993-04-28 |
RU2020897C1 (en) | 1994-10-15 |
EP0378568B1 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
FI93793B (en) | 1995-02-28 |
WO1989002257A1 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
ES2010362A6 (en) | 1989-11-01 |
EP0378568B2 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
JPH03501338A (en) | 1991-03-28 |
HUT52939A (en) | 1990-09-28 |
ATE77227T1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
DK484087D0 (en) | 1987-09-15 |
NO171482C (en) | 1993-03-24 |
DK484087A (en) | 1989-03-16 |
HU885817D0 (en) | 1990-07-28 |
DE3872243T3 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
US5082006A (en) | 1992-01-21 |
DE3872243T2 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
NO171482B (en) | 1992-12-14 |
FI901285A0 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
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MKLA | Lapsed |