CA1336287C - Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors - Google Patents

Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors

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Publication number
CA1336287C
CA1336287C CA000583703A CA583703A CA1336287C CA 1336287 C CA1336287 C CA 1336287C CA 000583703 A CA000583703 A CA 000583703A CA 583703 A CA583703 A CA 583703A CA 1336287 C CA1336287 C CA 1336287C
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compound
formula
methyl
naphthalenyl
hydrogen
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French (fr)
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David Wayne Robertson
David Taiwai Wong
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Eli Lilly and Co
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Eli Lilly and Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13Amines
    • A61K31/135Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/24Antidepressants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/26Psychostimulants, e.g. nicotine, cocaine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/02Antidotes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Abstract

The present invention provides 1-phenyl-(naphthalenyl)alkylamines of the Formula I:

I

wherein: each of R1 and R2 independently is hydrogen or methyl; R3 is hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl; each R4 independently is hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl; m is 1 or 2; when m is 2, each R4 can be combined to form methylenedioxy; x is 2-5; pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof; and pharmaceutical formulations comprising compounds of Formula I as defined above, as the active ingredient. These compounds are selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake, and are therefore useful in treating conditions such as obesity, depression, alcoholism, loss of memory and anxiety.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS

This invention relates to novel 1-phenylalkyl-amines, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use as selective serotonin uptake inhibitors.
The relationship between monoamine uptake and a variety of diseases and conditions continues to be investigated in an effort to find compounds with both improved efficacy and selectivity so as to eliminate unwanted side effects. One such monoamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), has been studied extensively because of its known association with a variety of mammalian disorders. A number of compounds have been shown to have an effect on serotonin. For example, the hydrochloride salt of fluoxetine (dl-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-t4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propanamine) is a selec-tive serotonin uptake inhibitor presently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of depression, eating disorders, alcoholism, and other disorders.
Similarly, tomoxetine hydrochloride ((-)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)propanamine hydrochloride) is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake being investigated clinically for its antidepressant activity.
These compounds are among many taught in U.S. Patents Number 4,018,895, 4,194,009, and 4,314,081 as being potent blockers of the uptake of various physiologically active monoamines including serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine.
U.S. Patent No. 4,207,343 discloses l-phenyl-3-(substituted phenoxy)propanamines again having the ability to block a variety of monoamines. However, in order to reduce the possibility of side effects which might be manifested by blocking other monoamines such as norepinephrine, it is desirable to identify compounds which selectively affect the uptake of serotonin.
The present invention provides novel l-phenyl-alkylamines which are selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake. More specifically, the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I~

~>~(CHe) ~ R~Re (I) R3 ~-~~ m wherein:
each of R1 and R2 independently is hydrogen or methyl;

X-7352 _3_ R3 is hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl;
each R4 independently is hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1 -C3 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl;
m is l or 2;
when m is 2, each R4 can be combined to form methylenedioxy;
x is 2-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addi-tion salt thereof.
In the above formula, the term C1-C4 alkyl represents a straight or branched alkyl chain bearing from one to four carbon atoms. Typical C1-C4 alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, _-propyl, isopropyl, _-butyl, isobutyl, sec.-butyl and t-butyl.
C1-C3 Alkoxy represents methoxy, ethoxy, _-propoxy or isopropoxy.
Halo represents fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
The naphthalenyl substituent can be either 1-naphthalenyl or 2-naphthalenyl.
Preferred compounds are those where one of and R2 is hydrogen and the other is methyl. Especi-ally preferred compounds are those wherein both R1 and R2 are methyl and x is 3. Other preferred aspects of the present invention will be noted hereinafter.

-The compounds of the present invention possess an asymmetric carbon represented by the carbon atom labeled "C" in the following formula:

R~(CH2) ~ R2 As such, the compounds can exist as the individual stereoisomers, as well as the racemic mixture of such isomers. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention will include not only the d,l-racemates, but also their respective optically active d- and l-isomers.
As pointed out above, this invention includes the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds defined by the above formula. Since the compounds of this invention are amines, they are basic in nature and accordingly react with any number of inor-ganic and organic acids to form pharmaceutically accept-able acid addition salts. Since the free amines of the invention are typically oils at room temperature or solids with low melting points, it is preferable to convert the free amines to their corresponding pharma-ceutically acceptable acid addition salts, which are routinely solid at room temperature, for ease of hand-ling. Further, since salts of the compounds of the 1 3~6287 present invention are typically more water soluble than their corresponding free amines, these salts may be preferred in an effort to increase bioavailability of the active agent following administration. Acids commonly employed to form such salts include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, oxalic, para-bromophenylsulfonic, carbonic, succinic, citric, benzoic and acetic acid, and related inorganic and organic acids. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogen-phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, capryl-ate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-1,4-dioate, hexyne-1,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, ~-hydroxybutyrate, glycollate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene-l-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, mandelate and the like salts. Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those formed with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, and especially those formed with organic acids such as oxalic acid and maleic acid.

A~

~ 33~28~

The following compounds further illustrate compounds contemplated within the scope of the present invention:
N-Methyl-l-phenyl-3-(1-naphthalenyl)propyl-aminium phosphate (+)-N-Methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-4-(2-naph-thalenyl)butylaminium citrate N,N-Dimethyl-1-(3-bromophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-1-naphthalenyl)butylaminium hydrochloride (-)-N-Methyl-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-methyl-2-naphthalenyl)propylaminium hydrobromide (+)-N-Methyl-1-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-[3-(trifluoro-methyl)-l-naphthalenyl]pentylaminium oxalate N-Methyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(6-iodo-1-naph-thalenyl)propylaminium maleate (+)-N,N-Dimethyl-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylaminium formate N,N-Dimethyl-1-(4-_-propylphenyl)-4-(2-naph-thalenyl)butylamine (-)-N-Methyl-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-(1-naphthalenyl)pentylaminium sulfate N-Methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)propylaminium oxalate (-)-N-Methyl-1-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium hydrochloride N,N-Dimethyl-1-(4-ethoxy-3-chlorophenyl)-4-(6-iodo-2-naphthalenyl)butylaminium malonate N,N-Dimethyl-1-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-(l-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium hydroiodide N,N-Dimethyl-1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(4-methyl-2-naphthalenyl)propylaminium maleate .

(+)-N-Methyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium caprate N-Methyl-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(6-_-propyl-1-naphthalenyl)butylaminium citrate (-)-N,N-Dimethyl-1-(3-ethylphenyl)-5-(2-methyl-l-naphthalenyl)pentylaminium monohydrogen phosphate 1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(1-naphthalenyl)propyl-aminium succinate (+)-1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-4-[3-(trifluoro-methyl)-l-naphthalenyl]butylaminium acetate N-Methyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(6-methyl-l-naphthalenyl)butylaminium tartrate (+)-1-(2-Iodophenyl)-5-(2-naphthalenyl)pentyl-aminium N-Methyl-1-(3-methylphenyl)-3-(4-_-butyl-1-naphthalenyl)propylaminium methanesulfonate (+)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-1-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium oxalate (-)-N-Methyl-l-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)-butylaminium tartrate According to a second aspect of the invention,there is provided a process for preparing the compounds of this invention. The compounds are preferably synthe-sized by reacting a naphthalenylalkylhalide deriva-tive with a phenylacetic acid dianion to provide the corresponding l-phenyl(naphthalenyl)alkylcarboxylic acid. This compound is converted to the corresponding l-isocyano-l-phenyl(naphthalenyl)alkane which is hydro-lyzed to the corresponding l-phenyl(naphthalenyl)alkyl-amine of the invention. This compound may then be converted to the N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl analog, if . _ 1 336287 desired. The scheme for this reaction is represented by the following:

$ \\,_~

$( CH2 ) X~OH

~ _X(cH2)x~HN~O

33~-- XRm / ~ X (CH2)x--ClH-NH2 R~

R m R~ ~rn ~`

wherein R3, R4, m and x are as defined above and X is halogen.
According to the first step of the reaction, a phenylacetic acid derivative is dissolved in a mutual solvent under anhydrous conditions. To this mixture is added an alkyl alkali metal reagent and a suitable condensing agent. Typical solvents suitable for use in this reaction are preferably dried and include the aprotic solvents such as the ethers, for example diethyl ether, and the cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, which is preferred. Exemplary alkyl alkali metal reagents include sec.-butyllithium and n-butyllithium, which is preferred. A typical and preferred condensing agent is hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). The reaction is typically cooled to a temperature in the range of about -100C to about -25C, more preferably at a temperature in the range of about -80C to about -70C, and a dilute solution of an equimolar quantity of the naphthalenylalkyl halide is added dropwise to the mixture. The mixture is allowed to stir for approxi-mately 8 to 24 hours and is diluted with water. The desired product is isolated by acidifying the mixture with a suitable acid and extracting the mixture with a suitable water immiscible organic solvent such as diethyl ether. The solvent is removed, preferably by evaporation under vacuum, and the resulting product is further purified, if desired, by standard techniques such as purification over solid supports, such as silica gel or alumina, or crystallization from common solvents.
In the second step of the above described process, the 1-phenyl(naphthalenyl)alkylcarboxylic acid thus synthesized is converted to the corresponding 1-isocyano-1-phenyl(naphthalenyl)alkane. This reaction was conducted by dissolving the carboxylic acid deriva-tive in a suitable solvent and cooling the resulting mixture to about 0C. To this mixture a suitable base such as triethylamine is added followed by the dropwise addition of ethyl chloroformate. To this mixture is added dropwise approximately equimolar quantities of sodium azide dissolved in a small amount of water. The reaction is substantially completed after about 30 minutes to about 12 hours when conducted at a tempera-ture in the range of about 0C to about 20C. The reaction mixture is extracted with a suitable water immisc~le solvent and the resulting organic solution ! cont~;n;ng the product is purified according to standard procedures. The resulting acylazide intermediate is combined with an inert solvent, such as toluene, and stirred at a temperature in the range of about 25C to about 110C to provide the desired isocyano compound.
The compounds of the invention wherein R1 and R2 are both hydrogen are finally synthesized by hydro-lyzing the l-isocyano compound with a suitable acid.
Typical acids include the hydrohalic acids such as ~ Y~ .

hydrochloric acid. The reaction is substantially complete after about 1 hour to about 24 hours when conducted at a temperature in the range of about 20C to about 100C. The desired product is isolated by raising the pH of the reaction mixture to approximately 8, and either isolating the desired compound by extraction by a suitable water immiscible solvent or collecting the precipitated product by vacuum filtration. The product thus synthesized can be further purified if desired by standard procedures.
Compounds of the present invention wherein and R2 are both methyl are synthesized by reacting the primary amine compound of the invention with an excess of formaldehyde in the presence of sodium cyanoboro-hydride and a mutual solvent.
Compounds of the present invention whereinone of Rl and R2 is methyl and the other is hydrogen are preferably prepared by reacting the primary amine with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of triethyl-amine and a suitable solvent to provide the corre-sponding carbamate intermediate, which is then reduced in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride to provide the N-methyl com-pounds of the present invention.
The compounds of the present invention wherein one of Rl and R2 is hydrogen and the other is methyl may also be prepared ~y demethylating the corresponding N,N-dimethylpropanamine. Preferably, a reagent such as .

t 336287 phenyl chloroformate or trichloroethyl chloroformate is reacted with the N,N-dimethylpropanamine to provide the corresponding intermediate, which is then hydrolyzed to provide the corresponding N-methylpropanamine.
As noted above, the optically active isomers of the racemates of the invention are also considered part of this invention. Such optically active isomers may be prepared from their respective optically active precursors by the procedures described above, or by resolving the racemic mixtures. This resolution can be carried out in the presence of a resolving agent, by chromatography or by repeated crystallization. Particu-larly useful resolving agents include dibenzoyl-d- and -l-tartaric acids and the like.
The compounds employed as starting materials in the synthesis of the compounds of the invention are well known and readily synthesized by standard proce-dures commonly employed by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the invention are typically formed by reacting a 1-phenyl(naphthalenyl)alkylamine of the invention with an equimolar or excess amount of acid. The reac-tants are generally combined in a mutual solvent such as diethyl ether or benzene, and the salt normally precipi-tates out of solution within about one hour to 10 days, and can be isolated by filtration.

The following Examples further illustrate the compounds of the present invention and methods for their synthesis. The Examples are not intended to be limiting to the scope of the invention in any respect and should not be so construed.

Example 1 1-Phenyl-4-(1-napthalenyl)butylaminium oxalate 0 A. 5-(1-Naphthalenyl)-2-phenylpentanoic acid n-Butyllithium (89.7 ml of a 1.48 M solution in hexane; 132.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of phenylacetic acid (8.81 g, 64.7 mmol) and HMPA (11.26 ml, 64.7 mmol) in 250 ml of THF at 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour and cooled to about -78C. A solution of 3-(1-naphthalenyl)-propylbromide was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with water and washed twice with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted three times with diethyl ether. The organic extracts were combined, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 19.67 g of residue. Crystallization of the residue from diethyl ether/hexane provided 14.77 g of 5-(1-naphthalenyl)-2-phenylpentanoic acid. Yield 75%.
mp = 99-100C

Analysis calculated for C2lH2 02 Theory: C, 82.86; H, 6.62;
Found: C, 82.67; H, 6.58.

B. l-Phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)isocyanate Ethyl chloroformate (4.7 ml, 49.2 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 5-(1-naphthalenyl)-2-phenylpentanoic acid (14.37 g, 47.3 mmol) and tri-ethylamine (6.85 ml, 49.2 mmol) in 400 ml of acetone at about 0C. A white precipitate formed, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at about 0C. A solution of sodium azide (5.84 g, 89.8 mmol) in water was added, and the mixture was stirred for an additional one hour at about 0C. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with toluene. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, heated on a steam bath for about 2.5 hours, and concentrated ln vacuo to afford 12.33 g of 1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)isocyanate as an oil.
C. Two hundred milliliters of 8N hydrochloric acid were added to a solution of l-phenyl-4-(1-naphtha-lenyl)isocyanate in 400 ml of dioxane, and the mixturewas stirred for about 2.5 hours at room temperature.
The volatile constituents were removed under vacuum.
The residue was basified with 5N sodium hydroxide, and _ the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum to provide 12.0 g of an oil. The oil was flash chromatographed over silica gel using 0-8% methanol in methylene chloride (v:v) as the gradient to provide 8.62 g of 1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylamine as an oil. A
small portion of the oil was combined with oxalic acid and recrystallized from ethyl acetate/methanol to afford 1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylaminium oxalate as a white solid. mp = 167-168C

Analysis calculated for C22H23NO4 Theory: C, 72.31; H, 6.34; N, 3,83;
Found: C, 72.51; H, 6.24; N, 4.09.

Example 2 N,N-Dimethyl-l-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butyl-aminium oxalate A 37~ aqueous solution of formaldehyde (2.97ml, 37.1 mmol) was added to a soluti on of 1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylamine (2.04 g, 7.4 mmol) in lO0 ml of acetonitrile. After twenty minutes, sodium cyano-borohydride (746 mg, 11.9 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for approximately 4.5 hours at room ~ ~3~287 temperature. Glacial acetic acid was added periodically to maintain a neutral reaction pH. The mixture was diluted with water, basified with 5N sodium hydroxide, and extracted with diethyl ether. The ether layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to provide 2.28 g of an oil. The oxalate salt of the oil was prepared and purified employing preparative HPLC and recrystalliza-tion from ethyl acetate/methanol to provide 830 mg of N,N-dimethyl-l-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylaminium ~ oxalate as a white solid. Yield 28.5%. mp = 122-123C

Analysis calculated for C24H27NO4 Theory: C, 73.26; H, 6.92; N, 3.56;
Found: C, 73.00; H, 7.12; N, 3.32.

Example 3 N-Methyl-l-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butyl-aminium oxalate Ethyl chloroformate (1.4 ml, 14.4 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of triethylamine (2.0 ml, 14.4 mmol) and 1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylamine (3.59 g, 13.1 mmol) in 100 ml of THF, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo, water was added, and the mixture was extracted with ether. The organic layer was washed with water, lN hydrochloric acid, water, lN
sodium hydroxide, water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 4.71 g of residue.
A solution of the residue prepared above in 100 ml of THF was added dropwise to a mixture of lithium aluminum hydride (3.47 g, 91.4 mmol) in 50 ml of THF.
The reaction mixture was warmed to about 55C for 6 - 10 hours, cooled to 0C, and then quenched by the dropwise addition of a saturated sodium sulfate solution. The - precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel using 0-10%
methanol in methylene chloride (v:v) as the gradient.
The oxalate salt was prepared and crystallized from ethyl acetate/methanol to afford 2.35 g of N-methyl-1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butylaminium oxalate as a white solid. Yield 47.5%. mp = 173-175.5C.
Analysis calculated for C23H25NO4 Theory: C, 72.80; H, 6.64; N, 3.69;
Found: C, 72.64; H, 6.56; N, 3.76.

The following compound was prepared according to the general procedures outlined above.

Example 4 N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(1-naphthalenyl)propylaminium oxalate, m.p. = 142-144C

Analysis calculated for C23H2sN4 Theory: C, 72.80; H, 6.64; N, 3.69;
Found: C, 72.58; H, 6.72; N, 3.77.

- 10 According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of using a compound of Formula I for selectively inhibiting the uptake of serotonin. The particular dose of compound administered according to this invention will, of course, be deter-lS mined by the particular circumstances surrounding the case, including the specific compound administered, the route of administration, the particular condition being treated, and similar considerations. A typical daily dose will contain from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg of the active compound of this invention.
Preferred daily doses will be about 0.05 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, ideally about 0.1 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
The compounds can be administered by a variety of routes including the oral, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular or intranasal routes. It is a special feature of the compounds that they have a prolonged duration of action, and therefore are capable of inhibiting the uptake of serotonin for an extended period of time. It is also a special feature ~ 336287 of the compounds of the present invention that they have been found to demonstrate a low degree of toxicity to mammals. Finally, it is a special feature of the compounds of the invention that they are extremely S selective as inhibitors of serotonin reuptake relative to other monoamine reuptake.
A variety of physiologic functions have been shown to be subject to influence by brain serotoninergic neural systems. As such, the compounds of the present invention are believed to have the ability to treat a variety of disorders in mammals associated with these neural systems such as obesity, depression, alcoholism, pain, loss of memory, anxiety and smoking. Therefore, the present invention also provides methods of treating - 15 the above disorders at rates set forth above for inhibiting serotonin uptake in mammals.
The following experiment was conducted to - demonstrate the ability of the compounds of the present invention to inhibit the uptake of serotonin. This general proce~llre is set forth by Wong et al., in Drug Development Research 6:397-403 (1985).
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (110-150 g) from Harlan ~ndustries (Cumberland, IN) were fed"Purina Chow"
ad libitum for at least 3 days before being used in the studies. Rats were killed by decapitation. Whole brains were removed and dissected. Cerebral cortex was homogenized in 9 volumes of a medium contA;n;ng 0.32 M
suc~rose and 10 mM glucose. Crude syr~aptosomal prepara-tions were isolated after differential centrifugation at 1,000 g for 10 min. and 17,000 g for 28 min. The final ~ *Trade mark 9, i ~
.

pellets were suspended in the same medium and kept in ice until use within the same day.
Synaptosomal uptake of 3H-serotonin(3H-5-hydroxytryptamine, 3H-5HT) was determined as follows.
Cortical synaptosomes (equivalent to 1 mg of protein) were incubated at 37C for 5 min in 1 ml of Krebs-bicarbonate medium cont~;ning also 10 mM glucose, 0.1 mM
iproniazid, 1 mM ascorbic acid, 0.17 mM EDTA and 50nM
3H-5HT. The reaction mixture was immediately diluted with 2 ml of ice-chilled Krebs-bicarbonate buffer and filtered under vacuum with a cell harvester (Brandel, Gaithersburg, MD). Filters were rinsed twice with - approximately 5 ml of ice-chilled 0.9% saline and were transferred to a counting vial cont~ining 10 ml of scintillation fluid (PCS, Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL). Radioactivity was measured by a liquid scintilla-tion spectrophotometer. Accumulation of 3H-5HT at 4C
represented the background and was subtracted from all samples.
The results of the evaluation of various com-pounds of the present invention are set forth below in Table I. In the Table, column 1 provides the Example Number of the compound evaluated; columns 2-6 identify the structure of the compounds evaluated when taken with the formula set forth in the heading; column 7 identifies the salt form of the compound evaluated; and column 8 provides the concentration of the test compound at 10-9M (nM) needed to inhibit 50% of serotonin (5HT), and is indicated in the Table as IC50. The numbers in parentheses represent percent inhibition at 1000 nM.

~E~ O o o o --m OU~
H

~ ~ O
H ~ ~r r H ~ C C C C

H ~ ~ ~ ¦ ~ ~) tr1 ~
~--I h c~
E~ " .~ P l m m m m H T ~ t m m m m z ~¦ m m m m ~¦ m .
o z;

o ~ ~, o X
~) ~

~ 1 336287 The compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration. There-fore, yet another aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of Formula I in association with one or more pharmaceuti-cally acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor.
The present pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by known procedures using well known and readily available ingredients. In making the composi-tions of the present invention, the active ingredient will usually be mixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.
When the carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, semisolid or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, excipient or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspen-sions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosol (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments contA;n;ng, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
Some examples of suitable carriers, excipi-ents, and diluents include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrroli-done, cellulose, water syrup, methyl cellulose, methyl-and propylhydroxybenzoates, talc, magnesium stearate and ~ 336287 mineral oil. The formulations can additionally include lubricating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, sweetening agents or flavoring agents. The compositions of the invention may be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after adminis-tration to the patient by employing procedures well known in the art.
The compositions are preferably formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage cont~ining from about 5 to about 500 mg, more usually about 25 to about 300 mg, of the active ingredient. The term "unit dosage form"
refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit cont~;ning a predetermined ~uantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier.
The following formulation examples are illus-trative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Formulation 1 Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the 25 following ingredients:
Quantity (mg/capsule) (+)-N,N-dimethyl-l-phenyl-4-(1-naph-thalenyl)butylaminium tartrate 250 30 starch, dried 200 magnesium stearate 10 Total 460 mg 1 33~287 The above ingredients are mixed and filledinto hard gelatin capsules in 460 mg quantities.

Formulation 2 A tablet is prepared using the ingredients below:
Quantity (mg/tablet) 10 N,N-dimethyl-1-(3-methylphenyl)-3-(1-naphthalenyl)propylaminium oxalate 250 cellulose, microcrystalline 400 silicon dioxide, fumed 10 stearic acid 5 15 Total 665 mg The components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665 mg.

Formulation 3 An aerosol solution is prepared cont~i nl ng the following components:
Weight %
N-methyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium hydrochloride 0.25 ethanol 29.75 Propellant 22 (chlorodifluoromethane) 70.00 Total 100.00 -The active compound is mixed with ethanol and the mixture added to a portion of the Propellant 22, cooled to -30C. and transferred to a filling device.
The required amount is then fed to a stainless steel container and diluted with the remainder of the propel-lant. The valve units are then fitted to the container.

Formulation 4 Tablets each cont~;ning 60 mg of active ingredient are made as follows:
(-)-N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-5-(1-naph-thalenyl)pentylaminium tartrate 60 mg 15 starch 45 mg microcrystalline cellulose 35 mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (as 10% solution in water) 4 mg sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg 20 magnesium stearate 0.5 mg talc 1 mg Total 150 mg The active ingredient, starch and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so pro-duced are dried at 50C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets each weighing 150 mg.

Formulation 5 Capsules each cont~lnlng 80 mg of medicament are made as follows:

N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-~2-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium citrate 80 mg starch 59 mg microcrystalline cellulose 59 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg 15 Total 200 mg The active ingredient, cellulose, starch and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 200 mg quantities.

Formulation 6 Suppositories each cont~in;ng 225 mg of active 25 ingredient may be made as follows:

1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(1-naphthalenyl)-butylaminium oxalate 225 mg saturated fatty acid glycerides 2,000 mg 30 Total 2,225 mg The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2 g capacity and allowed to cool.

Formulation 7 Suspensions each cont~ining 50 mg of medica-ment per 5 ml dose are made as follows:

N,N-dimethyl-l-phenyl-4-(1-naphtha-lenyl)butylaminium oxalate 50 mg 15 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 50 mg syrup 1.25 ml benzoic acid solution 0.10 ml flavor q.v.
color q.v.
20 purified water to total 5 ml The medicament is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor and color are diluted with some of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.

Formulation 8 An intravenous formulation may be prepared as follows:

(-)-N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-(1-naph-thalenyl)butylaminium tartrate 100 mg isotonic saline 1000 ml The solution of the above ingredients is administered intravenously at a rate of 1 ml per minute to a subject suffering from depression.

Claims (7)

1. A compound of the Formula I

wherein:
each of R1 and R2 independently is hydrogen or methyl;
R3 is hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl;
each R4 independently is hydrogen, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl;
m is 1 or 2;
when m is 2, each R4 can be combined to form methylenedioxy;
x is 2-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addi-tion salt thereof.
2. A compound of Claim 1 wherein both of R1 and R2 are methyl.
3. N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)-butylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addi-tion salt thereof.
4. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as defined in claim 1 or claim 2, in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor.
5. A process for preparing a compound of the Formula I as defined in claim 1, which comprises a) hydrolyzing a compound of the formula wherein R3, R4, m and x are as defined in Claim 1, with an acid;
to produce a compound of Formula I wherein both R1 and R2 are hydrogen;
b) reacting a compound of the formula wherein R3, R4, m, and x are as defined in Claim 1, with ethyl chloroformate followed by reduction with a reducing agent; to produce a compound of Formula I wherein one of R1 and R2 is methyl and the other is hydrogen;
c) reacting a compound of the Formula wherein R3, R4, m, and x are as defined in Claim 1, with an excess of formaldehyde in the presence of sodium borohydride; to produce a compound of Formula I wherein both R1 and R2 are methyl;
d) demethylating a compound of the Formula wherein R3, R4, m, and x are as defined in Claim 1,whereby there is produced a compound of Formula I wherein one of R1 and R2 is methyl and the other is hydrogen; and e) where desired, converting the resulting product into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
6. A compound of the Formula I as defined in Claim 1, whenever prepared by a process according to Claim 5.
7. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising as the active ingredient N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-(1-naphthalenyl)-butylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor.
CA000583703A 1987-11-25 1988-11-22 Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors Expired - Fee Related CA1336287C (en)

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US07/125,110 US4876282A (en) 1987-11-25 1987-11-25 1-Phenylalkylamines as selective serotonin uptake inhibitors

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US20030133974A1 (en) * 1997-07-01 2003-07-17 Curatolo William John Encapsulated solution dosage forms of sertraline
US7069636B2 (en) * 2003-10-02 2006-07-04 Euroflamm Select Inc. Friction facing method for use in a friction environment

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DE3879402D1 (en) 1993-04-22
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DE3879402T2 (en) 1993-07-15
EP0318234A3 (en) 1990-07-04
ES2046310T3 (en) 1996-07-16
ATE86968T1 (en) 1993-04-15
US4876282A (en) 1989-10-24
JPH02236A (en) 1990-01-05

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