CA2001776C - Cognition device for battery residual capacity - Google Patents
Cognition device for battery residual capacityInfo
- Publication number
- CA2001776C CA2001776C CA002001776A CA2001776A CA2001776C CA 2001776 C CA2001776 C CA 2001776C CA 002001776 A CA002001776 A CA 002001776A CA 2001776 A CA2001776 A CA 2001776A CA 2001776 C CA2001776 C CA 2001776C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- microprocessor
- residual capacity
- output voltage
- characteristic data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S320/00—Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging
- Y10S320/18—Indicator or display
- Y10S320/19—Charger status, e.g. voltmeter
Abstract
In a cognition device for battery residual capacity, battery voltage information and battery ambient temperature information are input to a microprocessor through an A/D converter. In the microprocessor, the voltage information is corrected with load information; the data conforming to the ambient temperature information are read out of the battery discharge characteristic data which are previously stored in memory, and the readout data are compared with the corrected voltage information so that the battery residual capacity can be computed from the result of the above comparison data. In this arrangement, it is therefore possible to accurately recognize battery residual capacity at an arbitrary point in time.
Description
COGNITION DEVICE FOR BATTERY RESIDUAL CAPACITY
BACKGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cognition device for battery residual capacity, especially useful for portable wireless equipment or office automation equipment.
Description of the Prior Art Conventional cognition devices for battery residual capacity have used a device which directly measures the residual capacity or a device in which residual capacity is obtained from consumed electric power obtained by integrating current during the time which a battery is used with a timer.
In conventional cognition devices for battery residual capacity as described above, there has been a problem that battery residual capacity cannot be measured accurately due to changes in battery voltage resulting from changes in ambient temperature or load.
Japanese Patent ~pplication laid-open No.
218077/85 describes a method of temperature correction for such a condition. In this method, a correction factor is calculated by using the temperature difference between the ambient reference temperature of 20C and the ambient temperature at that time, but the correction for the temperature changes is too rough to obtain accurate residual capacity.
` 2 2001776 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed toward solving such problems as described above. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a cognition device for battery residual capacity with which the battery residual capacity at any arbitrary point of time can be determined correctly without being influenced by ambient temperature or load.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a device for determining residual capacity of a battery, comprising: means for sensing output voltage of a battery; means for sensing ambient temperature of said battery; means for storing discharge characteristic data relating to the energy storage characteristics of said battery; means for correcting the sensed output voltage of said battery by an amount proportional to the load across said battery; means for reading characteristic data from said storing means corresponding to said sensed ambient temperature; and means for comparing said read characteristic data with said corrected output voltage and computing the residual capacity of said battery based on the characteristic data matching said corrected output voltage.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made clearer by the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a cognition device for battery residual capacity according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a discharge characteristic chart of a battery voltage;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart explaining the operation of the device shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are block diagrams showing cognition devices for battery residual capacity according to other embodiments of the present invention.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In Fig. 1, a secondary battery l, for example, of a Ni-Cd type is connected to supply a load 2, which may be, for example, the internal circuit of an electronic device. An electronic switch 3 is connected between the battery 1 and the load 2. A temperature sensor 4 is provided physically close to the battery 1. An A/D
(analog-digital) converter 5 for converting the outputs of the battery 1 and of the sensor 4 comprises an analog switch section 5a which switches over to the output of the battery 1 or that of the temperature sensor 4. An A/D converter section 5b, which performs A/D conversion, is connected to the analog switch section 5a.
A component part 6 is a microprocessor which reads data from the A/D converter 5 and controls the electronic switch 3; a nonvolatile memory 7 (hereinafter referred to as a memory) in which a program for normal operation of the electronic device and the discharge characteristic data of the battery are stored and a display 8 which displays battery residual capacity are connected to the microprocessor 6.
Fig. 2 shows the discharged capacity as a function of battery voltage at temperature differences of 10C
apart for a Ni-Cd secondary battery. In Fig. 2, the battery voltage is the open-circuit voltage at no load and discharged capacity values at 10% capacity intervals are plotted with marks o's.
A table shown below expresses the characteristics shown in Fig. 2 in a matrix form in which battery voltages (V~) corresponding to individual temperatures at intervals of 10C and discharged capacity values at intervals of 10% are plotted. The voltage data in matrix form as mentioned above are stored in a specific address area of the memory 7 shown in Fig. 1. In the 5 example shown in the table, 10 x 10 data are shown.
Value of open-circuit battery Value of volt. for respective percentage Tem- temp. values of discharge capacity at pera- sensor respective temperatures ture output 0% 10% 20% 30% ........... 80% 90%
-30C ToV V0l V02 V03 V08 V09 15 -20C T~ VlO Vll Vlz .
-10 C T2V20 V21 V22 - . . .
0C T3. . . (V~) 60C Tg VgO V9l Following is the explanation of operation in the embodiment as described above referring to the flow chart shown in Fig. 3. The microprocessor 6 controls the analog switch section 5a of the A/D converter 5 to measure a battery voltage (step ST1), controls the A/D
converting section 5b as to perform A/D conversion, and reads converted data (step ST2).
The value of the read converted data is denoted V0.
At this point, the control condition of the switch 3 s shall be judged (step ST3), if it is in ON state, a voltage drop due to a load shall be used to correct the value of open-circuit voltage. The corrected voltage V~, which is the open-circuit voltage, is obtained from the equation Vl = VO x (R + r)/R (step ST4), where R is the load resistance and r is the internal resistance of a battery.
On the other hand, if the electronic switch is in the OFF state:
V~ = VO (step ST5) At step ST6, the A/D converter is set to read the temperature from the output of the temperature sensor 4. The measured temperature T is compared with stored data for stored temperature values T1, T2, T3, ...
successively, to retrieve TN which is the closest to the measured data (steps ST7 to ST11). The measured data T
~ TN~ is obtained, and battery voltages VNO to VN9 corresponding to the memorized data TN on the table are read from the memory 7 (step ST12). The read data are compared successively with the above mentioned corrected measured voltage V1 to retrieve VNM ( steps ST13 to ST15). The discharged capacity is equal to M x 10(%) and this value is displayed on display 8 at step ST16. The residual capacity is, therefore, obtained in the expression 100 - M x 10 (%).
An example is shown in the following. In Fig. 2, for example, when T ~ -30C, a point to be Vl on the line of -30C is shown with x.
By successive comparison of voltage as described in the above, the voltage value becomes V02. and the discharge capacity is 20%. The residual value is, therefore, 80%.
The microprocessor 6 displays the battery residual capacity thus obtained in the display 8 in the form of a digital value or of a bar graph or the like.
The operation of cognition and display of battery residual capacity may be renewed at regular intervals of time or when a user executes a specific operation.
For example, during normal program execution of the electronic device, the microprocessor may be switched to a mode of battery residual capacity cognition and display by an interrupt control.
In the above example, 10 temperature parameters and 10 discharge parameters for a total of 10 x 10 =
100 voltage data are used, but to upgrade precision, for example, if 20 temperature parameters, in the range of -30 to +55C at intervals of 5C, and 20 discharge capacity parameters at intervals of 5%, that is, a total of 20 x 20 = 400 voltage data are used, a measurement can be made with double the precision for temperature and also for load.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the battery 1 and the memory 7 are integrated into a single case 9 made attachable to and detachable from the electronic device shown as a load 2. According to this example, the discharge characteristic data conforming to the type of battery 1 can be stored in the memory 7, so that a battery can be selected and exchanged freely out of various kinds of batteries for electronic devices.
The remaining capacity cognition components can be provided with the electronic device.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of loads 2a - 2c are connected to a battery 1 in parallel through respective independent electronic switches 3a -3c for exclusive use. In this case, all electronic switches 3a - 3c are controlled by microprocessor 6.
The microprocessor 6 can, therefore, always recognize an overall load based on the state of electronic switches 3a - 3c controlled by the microprocessor, and the battery voltage can be corrected accordingly.
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which a memory 7a storing a control program and a memory 7b storing discharge characteristics are independently provided.
In this case, if the memory 7b has read-write capability to store external input data through the microprocessor 6, the exchange of discharge characteristics is easily done according to the type of battery utilized at any given time.
The detailed drawings of A/D converters 5 in the embodiments shown in Fig. 4 - Fig. 6 are omitted since each of them comprises an analog switch section 5a and an A/D conversion section 5b as shown in Fig. 1.
According to the present invention, a measured battery voltage can be corrected by load information and the corrected voltage is compared with the temperature correlated data read from the discharge characteristic data of a battery stored in a memory to determine the discharged capacity of the battery.
Correct cognition of battery residual capacity can be performed based on the determined discharged capacity.
BACKGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cognition device for battery residual capacity, especially useful for portable wireless equipment or office automation equipment.
Description of the Prior Art Conventional cognition devices for battery residual capacity have used a device which directly measures the residual capacity or a device in which residual capacity is obtained from consumed electric power obtained by integrating current during the time which a battery is used with a timer.
In conventional cognition devices for battery residual capacity as described above, there has been a problem that battery residual capacity cannot be measured accurately due to changes in battery voltage resulting from changes in ambient temperature or load.
Japanese Patent ~pplication laid-open No.
218077/85 describes a method of temperature correction for such a condition. In this method, a correction factor is calculated by using the temperature difference between the ambient reference temperature of 20C and the ambient temperature at that time, but the correction for the temperature changes is too rough to obtain accurate residual capacity.
` 2 2001776 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed toward solving such problems as described above. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a cognition device for battery residual capacity with which the battery residual capacity at any arbitrary point of time can be determined correctly without being influenced by ambient temperature or load.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a device for determining residual capacity of a battery, comprising: means for sensing output voltage of a battery; means for sensing ambient temperature of said battery; means for storing discharge characteristic data relating to the energy storage characteristics of said battery; means for correcting the sensed output voltage of said battery by an amount proportional to the load across said battery; means for reading characteristic data from said storing means corresponding to said sensed ambient temperature; and means for comparing said read characteristic data with said corrected output voltage and computing the residual capacity of said battery based on the characteristic data matching said corrected output voltage.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made clearer by the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a cognition device for battery residual capacity according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a discharge characteristic chart of a battery voltage;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart explaining the operation of the device shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are block diagrams showing cognition devices for battery residual capacity according to other embodiments of the present invention.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In Fig. 1, a secondary battery l, for example, of a Ni-Cd type is connected to supply a load 2, which may be, for example, the internal circuit of an electronic device. An electronic switch 3 is connected between the battery 1 and the load 2. A temperature sensor 4 is provided physically close to the battery 1. An A/D
(analog-digital) converter 5 for converting the outputs of the battery 1 and of the sensor 4 comprises an analog switch section 5a which switches over to the output of the battery 1 or that of the temperature sensor 4. An A/D converter section 5b, which performs A/D conversion, is connected to the analog switch section 5a.
A component part 6 is a microprocessor which reads data from the A/D converter 5 and controls the electronic switch 3; a nonvolatile memory 7 (hereinafter referred to as a memory) in which a program for normal operation of the electronic device and the discharge characteristic data of the battery are stored and a display 8 which displays battery residual capacity are connected to the microprocessor 6.
Fig. 2 shows the discharged capacity as a function of battery voltage at temperature differences of 10C
apart for a Ni-Cd secondary battery. In Fig. 2, the battery voltage is the open-circuit voltage at no load and discharged capacity values at 10% capacity intervals are plotted with marks o's.
A table shown below expresses the characteristics shown in Fig. 2 in a matrix form in which battery voltages (V~) corresponding to individual temperatures at intervals of 10C and discharged capacity values at intervals of 10% are plotted. The voltage data in matrix form as mentioned above are stored in a specific address area of the memory 7 shown in Fig. 1. In the 5 example shown in the table, 10 x 10 data are shown.
Value of open-circuit battery Value of volt. for respective percentage Tem- temp. values of discharge capacity at pera- sensor respective temperatures ture output 0% 10% 20% 30% ........... 80% 90%
-30C ToV V0l V02 V03 V08 V09 15 -20C T~ VlO Vll Vlz .
-10 C T2V20 V21 V22 - . . .
0C T3. . . (V~) 60C Tg VgO V9l Following is the explanation of operation in the embodiment as described above referring to the flow chart shown in Fig. 3. The microprocessor 6 controls the analog switch section 5a of the A/D converter 5 to measure a battery voltage (step ST1), controls the A/D
converting section 5b as to perform A/D conversion, and reads converted data (step ST2).
The value of the read converted data is denoted V0.
At this point, the control condition of the switch 3 s shall be judged (step ST3), if it is in ON state, a voltage drop due to a load shall be used to correct the value of open-circuit voltage. The corrected voltage V~, which is the open-circuit voltage, is obtained from the equation Vl = VO x (R + r)/R (step ST4), where R is the load resistance and r is the internal resistance of a battery.
On the other hand, if the electronic switch is in the OFF state:
V~ = VO (step ST5) At step ST6, the A/D converter is set to read the temperature from the output of the temperature sensor 4. The measured temperature T is compared with stored data for stored temperature values T1, T2, T3, ...
successively, to retrieve TN which is the closest to the measured data (steps ST7 to ST11). The measured data T
~ TN~ is obtained, and battery voltages VNO to VN9 corresponding to the memorized data TN on the table are read from the memory 7 (step ST12). The read data are compared successively with the above mentioned corrected measured voltage V1 to retrieve VNM ( steps ST13 to ST15). The discharged capacity is equal to M x 10(%) and this value is displayed on display 8 at step ST16. The residual capacity is, therefore, obtained in the expression 100 - M x 10 (%).
An example is shown in the following. In Fig. 2, for example, when T ~ -30C, a point to be Vl on the line of -30C is shown with x.
By successive comparison of voltage as described in the above, the voltage value becomes V02. and the discharge capacity is 20%. The residual value is, therefore, 80%.
The microprocessor 6 displays the battery residual capacity thus obtained in the display 8 in the form of a digital value or of a bar graph or the like.
The operation of cognition and display of battery residual capacity may be renewed at regular intervals of time or when a user executes a specific operation.
For example, during normal program execution of the electronic device, the microprocessor may be switched to a mode of battery residual capacity cognition and display by an interrupt control.
In the above example, 10 temperature parameters and 10 discharge parameters for a total of 10 x 10 =
100 voltage data are used, but to upgrade precision, for example, if 20 temperature parameters, in the range of -30 to +55C at intervals of 5C, and 20 discharge capacity parameters at intervals of 5%, that is, a total of 20 x 20 = 400 voltage data are used, a measurement can be made with double the precision for temperature and also for load.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the battery 1 and the memory 7 are integrated into a single case 9 made attachable to and detachable from the electronic device shown as a load 2. According to this example, the discharge characteristic data conforming to the type of battery 1 can be stored in the memory 7, so that a battery can be selected and exchanged freely out of various kinds of batteries for electronic devices.
The remaining capacity cognition components can be provided with the electronic device.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of loads 2a - 2c are connected to a battery 1 in parallel through respective independent electronic switches 3a -3c for exclusive use. In this case, all electronic switches 3a - 3c are controlled by microprocessor 6.
The microprocessor 6 can, therefore, always recognize an overall load based on the state of electronic switches 3a - 3c controlled by the microprocessor, and the battery voltage can be corrected accordingly.
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which a memory 7a storing a control program and a memory 7b storing discharge characteristics are independently provided.
In this case, if the memory 7b has read-write capability to store external input data through the microprocessor 6, the exchange of discharge characteristics is easily done according to the type of battery utilized at any given time.
The detailed drawings of A/D converters 5 in the embodiments shown in Fig. 4 - Fig. 6 are omitted since each of them comprises an analog switch section 5a and an A/D conversion section 5b as shown in Fig. 1.
According to the present invention, a measured battery voltage can be corrected by load information and the corrected voltage is compared with the temperature correlated data read from the discharge characteristic data of a battery stored in a memory to determine the discharged capacity of the battery.
Correct cognition of battery residual capacity can be performed based on the determined discharged capacity.
Claims (6)
1. A device for determining residual capacity of a battery, comprising:
means for sensing output voltage of a battery;
means for sensing ambient temperature of said battery;
means for storing discharge characteristic data relating to the energy storage characteristics of said battery;
means for correcting the sensed output voltage of said battery by an amount proportional to the load across said battery;
means for reading characteristic data from said storing means corresponding to said sensed ambient temperature; and means for comparing said read characteristic data with said corrected output voltage and computing the residual capacity of said battery based on the characteristic data matching said corrected output voltage.
means for sensing output voltage of a battery;
means for sensing ambient temperature of said battery;
means for storing discharge characteristic data relating to the energy storage characteristics of said battery;
means for correcting the sensed output voltage of said battery by an amount proportional to the load across said battery;
means for reading characteristic data from said storing means corresponding to said sensed ambient temperature; and means for comparing said read characteristic data with said corrected output voltage and computing the residual capacity of said battery based on the characteristic data matching said corrected output voltage.
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein said means for sensing output voltage and means for sensing ambient temperature comprise analog-to-digital (A/D) converter means including switch means for switching between voltage and temperature measurement and converting measured values into digital data; and said means for correcting, means for reading, and means for comparing comprise a microprocessor and associated program instructions for controlling the operation of said microprocessor.
3. A device according to claim 2, wherein said microprocessor controls the operation of said A/D
converter means.
converter means.
4. A device according to claim 1, wherein said means for storing comprises a memory device, said memory device being integrated with said battery as an indivisible unit.
5. A device according to claim 2, further comprising a plurality of load switch means for connecting a plurality of loads to said battery respectively;
said microprocessor controlling the operation of said load switch means and correcting the sensed output voltage according to the number of loads connected across said battery.
said microprocessor controlling the operation of said load switch means and correcting the sensed output voltage according to the number of loads connected across said battery.
6. A device according to claim 2, wherein said means for storing comprises a read-write memory, and said microprocessor includes means for writing discharge characteristic data into said memory to be stored therein according to the particular type of battery being used to drive said load.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1082866A JPH07120536B2 (en) | 1989-03-31 | 1989-03-31 | Battery level recognition device |
| JP82866/89 | 1989-03-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2001776A1 CA2001776A1 (en) | 1990-09-30 |
| CA2001776C true CA2001776C (en) | 1997-03-04 |
Family
ID=13786248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002001776A Expired - Fee Related CA2001776C (en) | 1989-03-31 | 1989-10-30 | Cognition device for battery residual capacity |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5434495A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07120536B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU613806B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2001776C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2645352B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2232495B (en) |
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-
1989
- 1989-03-31 JP JP1082866A patent/JPH07120536B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-26 US US07/426,757 patent/US5434495A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-27 AU AU43882/89A patent/AU613806B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-10-30 CA CA002001776A patent/CA2001776C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-02 GB GB8924754A patent/GB2232495B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-22 FR FR8917121A patent/FR2645352B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU613806B2 (en) | 1991-08-08 |
| GB8924754D0 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
| JPH07120536B2 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| US5434495A (en) | 1995-07-18 |
| GB2232495A (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| CA2001776A1 (en) | 1990-09-30 |
| FR2645352B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 |
| FR2645352A1 (en) | 1990-10-05 |
| GB2232495B (en) | 1993-04-07 |
| AU4388289A (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| JPH02262278A (en) | 1990-10-25 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |