CA2005338A1 - Process for the intermediate sealing of dumps - Google Patents
Process for the intermediate sealing of dumpsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2005338A1 CA2005338A1 CA 2005338 CA2005338A CA2005338A1 CA 2005338 A1 CA2005338 A1 CA 2005338A1 CA 2005338 CA2005338 CA 2005338 CA 2005338 A CA2005338 A CA 2005338A CA 2005338 A1 CA2005338 A1 CA 2005338A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- layer
- waste
- building rubble
- suspension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/004—Sealing liners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
- C04B2111/00775—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes the composition being used as waste barriers or the like, e.g. compositions used for waste disposal purposes only, but not containing the waste itself
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
Process for intermediate sealing of dumps ABSTRACT
In an operating dump, intermediate sealing layers which are provided with a drainage layer are applied for the production of a multibarrier system to prevent the penetration of seepage water, the seepage water which is collected in the drainage layer being removed and fed to a disposal system. Plastic films or sheets overlapping in the form of roofing tiles or laid as webs have proved suitable as an intermediate covering.
(Fig. 1) Le A 26 292
In an operating dump, intermediate sealing layers which are provided with a drainage layer are applied for the production of a multibarrier system to prevent the penetration of seepage water, the seepage water which is collected in the drainage layer being removed and fed to a disposal system. Plastic films or sheets overlapping in the form of roofing tiles or laid as webs have proved suitable as an intermediate covering.
(Fig. 1) Le A 26 292
Description
2QO~3~
BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 50~0 Leverkusen, Bayerwerk Konzernverwaltung RP 14 December 1988 Patente Konzern Ki/bo/c Process for the intermediate sealina of dumps The invention relates to a process for the intermediate sealing of the relevant upper waste layers of an operating dump and for the production of a multibarrier system to prevent seepage water penetrating into the body of the dump by means of intermediate covering of the dump layers.
An important task in the operation of dumps is to keep the amount of seepage water as small as possible. For this purpose, in the present state-of-the-art, waste is filled in layers having a height of, for example, 10 m and is covered with a layer of loam or other suitable material in a height of, for example 30 cm. The seepage waters obtained on these intermediate layers after further deposition are collected and treated.
on the basis of the state-of-the-art, the following requirements have now emerged with regard to the prevention or minimisation of seepage water in dumps:
By means of suitable technical measures, the entry of precipitation into the body of the dump should be minimised.
Le A 26 292 _. . ..
;~U(~3;~8 Precipitation should be kept away from the fill area by covering or sealing.
Fill areas which are neither covered nor sealed at the ends must have intermediate seals. Suitable materials for the intermediate seals are both the plastic web and cohesive earth material.
Plastic films which are laid in the form of roofing tiles, loosely or welded to one another, must be weighted down against gusts of wind. They must have high tensile strength and be weather-resistant.
The intermediate seal of cohesive material should have a minimum thickness of 20 cm after installatiion. The surface must be rolled smooth and protected from drying out or the effects of frost.
Before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, the plastic films must be removed and the cohesive intermediate seals must be connected to the central seepage water disposal by additional measures.
According to the state-of-the-art described, the entry of precipitation into the dump and consequently the formation of seepage water can be reduced by intermediate seals of cohesive material.
A disadvantage of the mineral intermediate seal of ~e A 26 2~~ - 2 -~ Q ~3~J3 ~
cohesive material is its conside-able volume, which is removed from the dump volume available for waste fiil.
Both for domestic waste and for commercial or industrial wastes and for special waste, the available dump volume is steadily becoming scarcer in all highly developed countries. This aspect is therefore becoming more and more important.
The penetration of precipitation into the waste layers of the dump and hence the formation of seepage water can be avoided by means of intermediate seals of p]astic films.
However, because of the regulation which prescribes that the plastic films have to be removed before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, the intermediate covering films cannot be used as lS a permanent multibarrier system against seepage water.
Consequently, precipitation which enters the surface of the waste if the intermediate covering made of plastic is damaged penetrates the entire body of the dump as far as the base. Furthermore, seepage waters released through dehumidification of higher waste layers penetrate the entire dump body underneath, as far as the base. Along this route through the body of the waste, further elution of the wastes and hence further enrichment of the seepage waters with pollutants must be expected.
It is the object of the invention to provide dumps having water-tight, compact intermediate seals with the maximum possible ecological sa~ety.
Le A 2~ 292 - 3 -~ 8 This object is achieved, according to the invention, by a process in which individual dump layers are separated from one another by intermediate coverings which are provided with a drainage layer, and the seepage water which has collected in the drainage layer is removed and fed to a seepage water disposal system. These are stationary intermediate coverings which require substantially less space than the known intermediate seals of cohesive earth material and which remain in the dump, contrary to the guidelines of the state-of-the-art.
Plastic films or sheets overlapping in the form of roofing tiles or laid as webs are preferably used for the intermediate seal.
Alternatively, the intermediate covering can also be applied in the form of layers which predominantly consist of wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth.
Particularly suitable materials for the drainage layer are plant substrates of the particle fractions sand and gravel, at least 95~ of which is in the size range from 0.06 mm to 40 mm. The size range is preferably from 1 mm to 30 mm. Other suitable materials are rough and porous rocks. A substrate mixture of which the mechanical stability has been increased by admixing up to 5~ of bentonite is preferred. The thickness of the plant substra~e layer is 20 mm to 100 mm, preferably 30 mm to 60 mm.
Le A 26 292 - ~ -;~?~
HDPE webs or HDPE sheets which are welded to one another or laid in an overlapping manner are preferably used for the intermediate covering consisting of plastic films or plastic sheets. The thickness of the MDPE web or plate material is advantageously in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm. By means of structures (for example ribs or knobs) on the HDPE surface, the drainable material layer is held (anchoring points).
In a further development of the invention, a finely divided,hardening, water-insoluble suspension is filtered into the intermediate covering from a layer of building rubble, material resembling building rubble or excavated earth. Particularly suitable for this purpose are suspensions which contain binders, such as, for example, waterglass or silica sol. These measures are used for sealing the intermediate spaces and for consolidating the intermediate covering. The infiltration of the sealing suspension into the upper waste layer can be effected by reduced pressure from below or by excess pressure from above. In the case of suction by means of reduced pressure, air is sucked out of the waste layer using a lance. To suppress the inflow of air from adjacent surface areas, these are expediently covered with a film.
In the case of forcing in by means of excess pressure, a pressure bell is inverted over the area to be sealed, and the sealing suspension is introduced and then forced into the soil under excess pressure.
Intermediate sealing of the dump can advantageously be k~ 5 -~Q~
effected by pumping a free-flowing, highly concentrated suspension of fine particles of building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth onto the waste surface by means of a fan ~et. Binders in the form of silica sol or waterglass are preferably added to the suspension.
In an alternative process for the production of the intermediate seal, slabs or blocks are produced by compressing wastes comprising building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth, to which binders have been added, under high pressures of 10 to 300 bar, preferably 30 bar to 150 bar, and the said slabs or blocks are then laid in the form of building blocks or roofing tiles. Once again, waterglass, silica sol or even cement is suitable as the binder.
The joints remaining between the slabs or blocks are advantageously closed with a hardening, water-insoluble suspension. In principle, the same procedure is adopted as for infiltration of a hardening, water-insoluble suspension into the intermediate covering (see above).
During compression, that surface of the upper slabs or blocks which faces upwards can be structured in order to provide a means of attachment for the drainable material to be placed on top.
Before fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, the intermediate sealing and drainage Le A 26 292 - 6 -;~Q~
layers are connected to the seepage water disposal system.
Compared with the prior art, the process described, in all variants described, has the advantage that a permanent intermediate seal is realised, without loss of dump volume.
In contrast to the known prior art, it has been found that plastic intermediate seals too can be connected to a drainage system and can be designed so that they need not be removed before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, but can be connected to the seepage water disposal system.
It has also been found that wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth may even account for a significant part of the intermediate seal. Thus, the requirement to utilise wastes is fulfilled in an unexpected manner.
This process can be used in all dumps for special wastes, industrial or commercial wastes or domestic waste.
Compared with the prior art, it saves valuable proportions of dump volume and considerably reduces the amount of resulting seepage water and the amount of eluted pollutants.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to Illustrative Examples and drawings.
Le A 26 292 - 7 -?~;2~
Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of a dump set up by the process according to the invention, having intermediate sealing o~ the waste layers;
Fig. 2 shows the introduction of a sealing suspension 5into a particulate waste layer by means of reduced pressurei Fig. 3 shows the introduction of a sealing suspension into the waste layer by means of excess pressure;
Fig. 4a to Fig. 4c shows cross-sections through a waste 10layer before, during and after treatment by the process according to Fig. 2 to 3;
Fig. 5 shows the production of an intermediate covering by pouring a free-flowing and subsequently solidifying layer on top and 15Fig. 6 shows an intermediate seal based on compressed waste blocks or waste slabs.
The dump shown in Figure 1 consists of a lower waste lzyer 1, which is covered by an intermediate seal 2, and a subsequent upper waste la~er 3, the surface of which is 20covered with plastic sheets 4, laid to overlap in the form of roofing tiles, or welded plastic webs 5. The waste layers 1 and 3 have, for example, a thickness of 10 m and consist of, for example, special wastes of dump class 5. The intermediate seal 2 consists of a 25combination of a plastic covering 6 with a drainage layer 7 on top. The plastic covering 6 of the intermediate se~l 2 has the same structure as the upper intermediate covering which consists of plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5 and has not yet been covered with fuxther wastes.
Le A 26 2~2 8 -The material used is high pressure polyethylene (HDPE).
The thickness of the webs or sheets is, for example, 2 mm. To increase the surface static friction, knobs 8 are stamped in the plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5.
A p~ant substrate layer of the particle fractions sand and gravel, having a predominant particle size in the range from 1 mm to 30 mm, serves as the drainage layer 7.
The thickness of the plant substrate ~ayer is, for example, 40 mm. Mechanical stability can be increased by admixing up to 5% of bentonite. Rough and porous rocks in the same particle size range are also suitable as material for the plant substrate layer 7. A drainage layer of this type is applied in each case to the upper intermediate seal consisting of plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5 and not yet covered with wastes. By means of the structures 8 on the surface of the plastic covering 6, the drainage layer 7 is provided with anchoring points. When the dump has a V-shaped or funnel-like structure, the rainwater or seepage water collects at the lowest point 9 of the intermediate seal 2 or of the surface covering 4, 5 and can be fed to a seepage water or rainwater disposal system. According to the guidelines to date, the plastic covering 4, 5 had to be removed before the dump was put into operation again, ~5 so that it could not perform the function of an intermediate seal.
Instead of plastic sheets or webs, it is also possible to use mineral layers for the intermediate seal, the said Le A 26 292 - 9 -2Q~ 8 mineral layers being produced by infiltration of finely divided, hardenable, water-insoluble suspensions. Such a mineral sealing layer is obtained, for example, when a finely divided clay suspension to which binders, such as waterglass, have been added is infiltrated into a layer of fine processed building rubble or mineral material resembling building rubble or excavated earth. Silica sol has proved particularly suitable as a water-insoluble binder, sealant and stablilizer.
The infiltration can be effected according to Figure 2 with the aid of a vacuum lance 11 connected to a vacuum pump 10. The sealing suspension 12 is then poured onto the surface of the above-mentioned porous mineral sealing layer 13, which, for example, is applied to the upper waste layer 3, and, as a result of the reduced pressure, is sucked into the intermediate spaces 14 of the porous mineral waste layer 13. To prevent the inflow of air from the areas not wet with the sealing suspension, these areas are advantageously temporarily covered with a protective film 14.
Figure 4a shows the porous waste layer 13 with the intermediate spaces 15 before the treatment, and Figure 4b shows this waste layer during the treatment, in which the upper intermediate spaces are filled with the initially free-flowing sealing suspension 12, which then solidifies to form the solid mineral sealing layer 16 (Fig. 4c).
Le A 26 292 - 10 -Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3, the sealing suspension 12 can be forced with the aid of an inverted pressure bell 17 with a connected compressor 18 into the mineral waste layer 13. The surface of the mineral intermediate seal 13 may additionally be sealed with an inert layer 19 having a thickness of, for example, 2 mm and consisting of waterglass, silica sol or other binders (see Figure 4c).
According to Figure 5, another method for producing a mineral intermediate seal 16 consists in pumping a free-flo~ing, highly concentrated suspension of fine particles of the materials building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth, to ~hich binders have been added, onto the waste layer l by means of a fan jet 20 and sludge pump 21. The free-flowing layer applied in this manner then solidifies to the finished sealing layer, which has the same function as the plastic covering of the dump according to Figure 1 or the mineral, binder-impregnated sealing layer according to Figure 4c~ The surface of the sealing layer 22 which has been poured on can in turn be sealed with an inert substrate, which is then provided with structures in a similar manner to surfaces according to Figure l, in order to improve the static friction of the subsequent drainage layer 7.
Another variant of the production of the intermediate seal is based on the use of slabs or blocks of finely divided ~uildin~ ru~ble, minerals resembling building Le A 26 292 - 11 -~0 ~3~8 rubble and/or excavated earth, the said slabs or blocks being compressed under high pressure and compacted by means of a binder. Such slabs or blocks are advantageously produced by means of hydraulic presses at pressures of 10 bar to 300 bar. According to Figure 6, the slabs or blocks 23 are then laid on the surface of the waste layer 1, in the form of building blocks (left half of the Figure) or in the form of roofing tiles (right half of the Figure). In addition, the joints between the slabs or blocks 23 can be sealed by infiltration of a finely divided, hardening suspension by the method described with the aid of Figures 2 and 3.
In all variants of the intermediate seal which have been described (plastic covering 6 according to Figure 1, filled mineral seal 13 according to Figure 2 to Figure 4 and slabs seal 23 according to Figure 6), the intermediate seal is covered with a drainage layer 7 before further waste layers are deposited. The seepage water occurring in an intermediate seal is removed in each case via a pipe to a disposal system. This gives a multibarrier system which prevents seepage water from penetrating into the body of the dump, occupies a small volume and at the same time permits monitoring and disposal of seepage water penetrating into the dump and hence ensures high ecological safety.
Le ~ 26 292 - 12 -
BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 50~0 Leverkusen, Bayerwerk Konzernverwaltung RP 14 December 1988 Patente Konzern Ki/bo/c Process for the intermediate sealina of dumps The invention relates to a process for the intermediate sealing of the relevant upper waste layers of an operating dump and for the production of a multibarrier system to prevent seepage water penetrating into the body of the dump by means of intermediate covering of the dump layers.
An important task in the operation of dumps is to keep the amount of seepage water as small as possible. For this purpose, in the present state-of-the-art, waste is filled in layers having a height of, for example, 10 m and is covered with a layer of loam or other suitable material in a height of, for example 30 cm. The seepage waters obtained on these intermediate layers after further deposition are collected and treated.
on the basis of the state-of-the-art, the following requirements have now emerged with regard to the prevention or minimisation of seepage water in dumps:
By means of suitable technical measures, the entry of precipitation into the body of the dump should be minimised.
Le A 26 292 _. . ..
;~U(~3;~8 Precipitation should be kept away from the fill area by covering or sealing.
Fill areas which are neither covered nor sealed at the ends must have intermediate seals. Suitable materials for the intermediate seals are both the plastic web and cohesive earth material.
Plastic films which are laid in the form of roofing tiles, loosely or welded to one another, must be weighted down against gusts of wind. They must have high tensile strength and be weather-resistant.
The intermediate seal of cohesive material should have a minimum thickness of 20 cm after installatiion. The surface must be rolled smooth and protected from drying out or the effects of frost.
Before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, the plastic films must be removed and the cohesive intermediate seals must be connected to the central seepage water disposal by additional measures.
According to the state-of-the-art described, the entry of precipitation into the dump and consequently the formation of seepage water can be reduced by intermediate seals of cohesive material.
A disadvantage of the mineral intermediate seal of ~e A 26 2~~ - 2 -~ Q ~3~J3 ~
cohesive material is its conside-able volume, which is removed from the dump volume available for waste fiil.
Both for domestic waste and for commercial or industrial wastes and for special waste, the available dump volume is steadily becoming scarcer in all highly developed countries. This aspect is therefore becoming more and more important.
The penetration of precipitation into the waste layers of the dump and hence the formation of seepage water can be avoided by means of intermediate seals of p]astic films.
However, because of the regulation which prescribes that the plastic films have to be removed before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, the intermediate covering films cannot be used as lS a permanent multibarrier system against seepage water.
Consequently, precipitation which enters the surface of the waste if the intermediate covering made of plastic is damaged penetrates the entire body of the dump as far as the base. Furthermore, seepage waters released through dehumidification of higher waste layers penetrate the entire dump body underneath, as far as the base. Along this route through the body of the waste, further elution of the wastes and hence further enrichment of the seepage waters with pollutants must be expected.
It is the object of the invention to provide dumps having water-tight, compact intermediate seals with the maximum possible ecological sa~ety.
Le A 2~ 292 - 3 -~ 8 This object is achieved, according to the invention, by a process in which individual dump layers are separated from one another by intermediate coverings which are provided with a drainage layer, and the seepage water which has collected in the drainage layer is removed and fed to a seepage water disposal system. These are stationary intermediate coverings which require substantially less space than the known intermediate seals of cohesive earth material and which remain in the dump, contrary to the guidelines of the state-of-the-art.
Plastic films or sheets overlapping in the form of roofing tiles or laid as webs are preferably used for the intermediate seal.
Alternatively, the intermediate covering can also be applied in the form of layers which predominantly consist of wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth.
Particularly suitable materials for the drainage layer are plant substrates of the particle fractions sand and gravel, at least 95~ of which is in the size range from 0.06 mm to 40 mm. The size range is preferably from 1 mm to 30 mm. Other suitable materials are rough and porous rocks. A substrate mixture of which the mechanical stability has been increased by admixing up to 5~ of bentonite is preferred. The thickness of the plant substra~e layer is 20 mm to 100 mm, preferably 30 mm to 60 mm.
Le A 26 292 - ~ -;~?~
HDPE webs or HDPE sheets which are welded to one another or laid in an overlapping manner are preferably used for the intermediate covering consisting of plastic films or plastic sheets. The thickness of the MDPE web or plate material is advantageously in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm. By means of structures (for example ribs or knobs) on the HDPE surface, the drainable material layer is held (anchoring points).
In a further development of the invention, a finely divided,hardening, water-insoluble suspension is filtered into the intermediate covering from a layer of building rubble, material resembling building rubble or excavated earth. Particularly suitable for this purpose are suspensions which contain binders, such as, for example, waterglass or silica sol. These measures are used for sealing the intermediate spaces and for consolidating the intermediate covering. The infiltration of the sealing suspension into the upper waste layer can be effected by reduced pressure from below or by excess pressure from above. In the case of suction by means of reduced pressure, air is sucked out of the waste layer using a lance. To suppress the inflow of air from adjacent surface areas, these are expediently covered with a film.
In the case of forcing in by means of excess pressure, a pressure bell is inverted over the area to be sealed, and the sealing suspension is introduced and then forced into the soil under excess pressure.
Intermediate sealing of the dump can advantageously be k~ 5 -~Q~
effected by pumping a free-flowing, highly concentrated suspension of fine particles of building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth onto the waste surface by means of a fan ~et. Binders in the form of silica sol or waterglass are preferably added to the suspension.
In an alternative process for the production of the intermediate seal, slabs or blocks are produced by compressing wastes comprising building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth, to which binders have been added, under high pressures of 10 to 300 bar, preferably 30 bar to 150 bar, and the said slabs or blocks are then laid in the form of building blocks or roofing tiles. Once again, waterglass, silica sol or even cement is suitable as the binder.
The joints remaining between the slabs or blocks are advantageously closed with a hardening, water-insoluble suspension. In principle, the same procedure is adopted as for infiltration of a hardening, water-insoluble suspension into the intermediate covering (see above).
During compression, that surface of the upper slabs or blocks which faces upwards can be structured in order to provide a means of attachment for the drainable material to be placed on top.
Before fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, the intermediate sealing and drainage Le A 26 292 - 6 -;~Q~
layers are connected to the seepage water disposal system.
Compared with the prior art, the process described, in all variants described, has the advantage that a permanent intermediate seal is realised, without loss of dump volume.
In contrast to the known prior art, it has been found that plastic intermediate seals too can be connected to a drainage system and can be designed so that they need not be removed before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, but can be connected to the seepage water disposal system.
It has also been found that wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth may even account for a significant part of the intermediate seal. Thus, the requirement to utilise wastes is fulfilled in an unexpected manner.
This process can be used in all dumps for special wastes, industrial or commercial wastes or domestic waste.
Compared with the prior art, it saves valuable proportions of dump volume and considerably reduces the amount of resulting seepage water and the amount of eluted pollutants.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to Illustrative Examples and drawings.
Le A 26 292 - 7 -?~;2~
Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of a dump set up by the process according to the invention, having intermediate sealing o~ the waste layers;
Fig. 2 shows the introduction of a sealing suspension 5into a particulate waste layer by means of reduced pressurei Fig. 3 shows the introduction of a sealing suspension into the waste layer by means of excess pressure;
Fig. 4a to Fig. 4c shows cross-sections through a waste 10layer before, during and after treatment by the process according to Fig. 2 to 3;
Fig. 5 shows the production of an intermediate covering by pouring a free-flowing and subsequently solidifying layer on top and 15Fig. 6 shows an intermediate seal based on compressed waste blocks or waste slabs.
The dump shown in Figure 1 consists of a lower waste lzyer 1, which is covered by an intermediate seal 2, and a subsequent upper waste la~er 3, the surface of which is 20covered with plastic sheets 4, laid to overlap in the form of roofing tiles, or welded plastic webs 5. The waste layers 1 and 3 have, for example, a thickness of 10 m and consist of, for example, special wastes of dump class 5. The intermediate seal 2 consists of a 25combination of a plastic covering 6 with a drainage layer 7 on top. The plastic covering 6 of the intermediate se~l 2 has the same structure as the upper intermediate covering which consists of plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5 and has not yet been covered with fuxther wastes.
Le A 26 2~2 8 -The material used is high pressure polyethylene (HDPE).
The thickness of the webs or sheets is, for example, 2 mm. To increase the surface static friction, knobs 8 are stamped in the plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5.
A p~ant substrate layer of the particle fractions sand and gravel, having a predominant particle size in the range from 1 mm to 30 mm, serves as the drainage layer 7.
The thickness of the plant substrate ~ayer is, for example, 40 mm. Mechanical stability can be increased by admixing up to 5% of bentonite. Rough and porous rocks in the same particle size range are also suitable as material for the plant substrate layer 7. A drainage layer of this type is applied in each case to the upper intermediate seal consisting of plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5 and not yet covered with wastes. By means of the structures 8 on the surface of the plastic covering 6, the drainage layer 7 is provided with anchoring points. When the dump has a V-shaped or funnel-like structure, the rainwater or seepage water collects at the lowest point 9 of the intermediate seal 2 or of the surface covering 4, 5 and can be fed to a seepage water or rainwater disposal system. According to the guidelines to date, the plastic covering 4, 5 had to be removed before the dump was put into operation again, ~5 so that it could not perform the function of an intermediate seal.
Instead of plastic sheets or webs, it is also possible to use mineral layers for the intermediate seal, the said Le A 26 292 - 9 -2Q~ 8 mineral layers being produced by infiltration of finely divided, hardenable, water-insoluble suspensions. Such a mineral sealing layer is obtained, for example, when a finely divided clay suspension to which binders, such as waterglass, have been added is infiltrated into a layer of fine processed building rubble or mineral material resembling building rubble or excavated earth. Silica sol has proved particularly suitable as a water-insoluble binder, sealant and stablilizer.
The infiltration can be effected according to Figure 2 with the aid of a vacuum lance 11 connected to a vacuum pump 10. The sealing suspension 12 is then poured onto the surface of the above-mentioned porous mineral sealing layer 13, which, for example, is applied to the upper waste layer 3, and, as a result of the reduced pressure, is sucked into the intermediate spaces 14 of the porous mineral waste layer 13. To prevent the inflow of air from the areas not wet with the sealing suspension, these areas are advantageously temporarily covered with a protective film 14.
Figure 4a shows the porous waste layer 13 with the intermediate spaces 15 before the treatment, and Figure 4b shows this waste layer during the treatment, in which the upper intermediate spaces are filled with the initially free-flowing sealing suspension 12, which then solidifies to form the solid mineral sealing layer 16 (Fig. 4c).
Le A 26 292 - 10 -Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3, the sealing suspension 12 can be forced with the aid of an inverted pressure bell 17 with a connected compressor 18 into the mineral waste layer 13. The surface of the mineral intermediate seal 13 may additionally be sealed with an inert layer 19 having a thickness of, for example, 2 mm and consisting of waterglass, silica sol or other binders (see Figure 4c).
According to Figure 5, another method for producing a mineral intermediate seal 16 consists in pumping a free-flo~ing, highly concentrated suspension of fine particles of the materials building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth, to ~hich binders have been added, onto the waste layer l by means of a fan jet 20 and sludge pump 21. The free-flowing layer applied in this manner then solidifies to the finished sealing layer, which has the same function as the plastic covering of the dump according to Figure 1 or the mineral, binder-impregnated sealing layer according to Figure 4c~ The surface of the sealing layer 22 which has been poured on can in turn be sealed with an inert substrate, which is then provided with structures in a similar manner to surfaces according to Figure l, in order to improve the static friction of the subsequent drainage layer 7.
Another variant of the production of the intermediate seal is based on the use of slabs or blocks of finely divided ~uildin~ ru~ble, minerals resembling building Le A 26 292 - 11 -~0 ~3~8 rubble and/or excavated earth, the said slabs or blocks being compressed under high pressure and compacted by means of a binder. Such slabs or blocks are advantageously produced by means of hydraulic presses at pressures of 10 bar to 300 bar. According to Figure 6, the slabs or blocks 23 are then laid on the surface of the waste layer 1, in the form of building blocks (left half of the Figure) or in the form of roofing tiles (right half of the Figure). In addition, the joints between the slabs or blocks 23 can be sealed by infiltration of a finely divided, hardening suspension by the method described with the aid of Figures 2 and 3.
In all variants of the intermediate seal which have been described (plastic covering 6 according to Figure 1, filled mineral seal 13 according to Figure 2 to Figure 4 and slabs seal 23 according to Figure 6), the intermediate seal is covered with a drainage layer 7 before further waste layers are deposited. The seepage water occurring in an intermediate seal is removed in each case via a pipe to a disposal system. This gives a multibarrier system which prevents seepage water from penetrating into the body of the dump, occupies a small volume and at the same time permits monitoring and disposal of seepage water penetrating into the dump and hence ensures high ecological safety.
Le ~ 26 292 - 12 -
Claims (15)
1. Process for intermediate sealing of the relevant upper waste layers of an operating dump and for the production of a multibarrier system to prevent the penetration of seepage water by means of intermediate covering of the dump layers, characterised in that the intermediate covering is provided with a drainage layer and that the seepage water which has collected in the drainage layer is removed and fed to a seepage water disposal system.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that plastic films or plastic sheets overlapped in the manner of roofing tiles or laid as webs are used as the intermediate covering.
3. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that layers which predominantly consist of wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth are applied as the intermediate covering.
4. Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a plant substrate of the particle fractions sand and gravel is used for the drainage layer, at least 95%
of the said fractions being in the size range from 0.06 mm to 40 mm, preferably in the size range from 1 mm to 20 mm.
of the said fractions being in the size range from 0.06 mm to 40 mm, preferably in the size range from 1 mm to 20 mm.
5. Process according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised Le A 26 292 - 13 -in that the drainable plant substrate layer is applied in a height of 20 to 100 mm, preferably 30 to 60 mm.
6. Process according to Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that rough and porous rocks are chosen as the material for the drainable plant substrate.
7. Process according to Claims l to 6, characterised in that the intermediate sealing surface is structured in order to provide a means of attachment for the drainable substrate layer.
8. Process according to Claims 2 to 7, characterised in that HDPE sheets or webs having a thickness of from 1 to 3 mm are used as the plastic.
9. Process according to Claims 3 to 7, characterised in that a finely divided, hardening, water-insoluble suspension is infiltrated into the intermediate covering consisting of a layer of building rubble, mineral material resembling building rubble or excavated earth.
10. Process according to Claim 9, characterised in that the suspension is sucked into the waste layer under reduced pressure by means of a vacuum lance inserted into the waste layer.
11. Process according to Claim 9, characterised in that the suspension is forced into the waste layer under excess pressure by means of a bell placed on the waste Le A 26 292 - 14 -layer.
12. Process according to Claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the intermediate seal is produced by pouring on an initially free-flowing and subsequently solidifying layer of wastes, such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth, and binders.
13. Process according to Claim 12, characterised in that the free-flowing suspension is pumped by means of a fan jet onto the waste.
14. Process according to Claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the intermediate seal is laid on the waste layer in the form of building blocks or roofing tiles by installing slabs or blocks of wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth, which have been compressed under high pressures of 10 to 300 bar, preferably 50 to 200 bar and to which binders such as waterglass, silica sol or cement may have been added.
15. Process according to Claim 14, characterised in that the joints between the slabs or blocks are sealed by infiltrating them with a finely divided suspension.
Le A 26 292 - 15 -
Le A 26 292 - 15 -
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3842212.3 | 1988-12-15 | ||
| DE19883842212 DE3842212A1 (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1988-12-15 | METHOD FOR INTERMEDIATE SEALING OF LANDSCAPES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2005338A1 true CA2005338A1 (en) | 1990-06-15 |
Family
ID=6369220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2005338 Abandoned CA2005338A1 (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1989-12-13 | Process for the intermediate sealing of dumps |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4973196A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0373459B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02194886A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE118383T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8906449A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2005338A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3842212A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2067521T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5286430A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1994-02-15 | Rolite, Inc. | Incineration residue treatment process |
| US5849364A (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1998-12-15 | New Waste Concepts, Inc. | Self-foaming sprayable composition |
| US5556033A (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1996-09-17 | New Waste Concepts, Inc. | Apparatus for forming a foamed outdoor protective cover layer |
| DE4008791A1 (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-09-26 | Slt Lining Technology Gmbh | ARRANGEMENT FOR COVERING INCLINED SURFACE AREAS |
| EP0461472A3 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1992-04-08 | Friedrich Wilhelm Paurat | Construction for sealing a waste dump and method for making said construction |
| EP0461471A3 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1992-04-08 | Friedrich Wilhelm Paurat | Method and apparatus for sealing a waste dump |
| CA2024869C (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1996-12-31 | John Davis | Landfill site with leachate collection |
| DE4102405C2 (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1994-02-10 | Heinrich Weseloh Fa | Process for manufacturing a landfill and landfill site |
| DE4102450C2 (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1995-03-30 | Wue Umwelt Engineering Gmbh | Mobile roofing for landfills |
| US5385429A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1995-01-31 | Landfill Service Corporation | Synthetic cover for waste |
| US5161915A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-11-10 | Landfill Service Corporation | Synthetic cover for waste piles |
| US5201609A (en) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-04-13 | Johnson Research And Development Corp. | Cellular landfill process and apparatus |
| WO1993018239A1 (en) * | 1992-03-10 | 1993-09-16 | Arie Van Dorp B.V. | Tubular gutter system |
| US5288171A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1994-02-22 | Recovermat Technologies, Inc. | Method of recycling construction and demolition debris |
| US5181803A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1993-01-26 | Recovermat Technologies, Inc. | Method of making daily cover for a landfill |
| US5403118A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1995-04-04 | Davis; Michael K. | Optimum water retention system for use in agricultural fields |
| US5863153A (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1999-01-26 | Geohess (Uk) Limited | Waste treatment |
| US5602349A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1997-02-11 | The University Of Washington | Sample introduction system for a flow cytometer |
| US5975801A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-11-02 | Burns, Sr.; Richard S. | Process for producing a product for use as an alternative cover material for landfills and systems |
| DE10001276A1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-26 | Lutz Bilke | Mineral surface and intermediate sealing systems for landfills and protection of contaminated sites using industrial waste materials and processes for the production, processing and installation of these |
| US6857824B2 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2005-02-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Sealing composition and its use |
| US20050220542A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-06 | Marsh Danny L | Landfill cover composition and method |
| US7250287B2 (en) * | 2004-11-13 | 2007-07-31 | Richard L. Aho | “Transformer” aerobic digestion method, a system for treating biodegradable waste material through aerobic degradation |
| AU2007324333B2 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2011-11-17 | Grant Lloyd Lacey | Structures and method for covering landfill |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3466873A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1969-09-16 | Mortimer T Present | Sanitary land fill method |
| US3614867A (en) * | 1970-02-13 | 1971-10-26 | Landfill Inc | Method of sanitary landfilling |
| US3586624A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1971-06-22 | Werner Co | Waste disposal method and system |
| US3705851A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1972-12-12 | Robert C Brauer | Waste disposal system |
| DE2224363A1 (en) * | 1972-05-18 | 1973-11-29 | Georg Dipl Ing Dip Kropfhammer | Building components formation - from domestic, agricultural or forestal waste |
| DE2542999A1 (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-04-07 | Herbert Haedrich | Sunken waste storage installation - consists of basin made from concrete and clay layers and filled with waste and clay layers |
| US4375930A (en) * | 1980-12-03 | 1983-03-08 | Stabatrol Corp. | Permanent disposal vault for containers |
| DE3131100A1 (en) * | 1981-08-06 | 1983-02-24 | J.F. Nold & Co, 6081 Stockstadt | Process and appliance for extracting decomposition gases from waste tips |
| US4580925A (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1986-04-08 | Matich Miroslav A J | Pervious surround method of waste disposal |
| AT385215B (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1988-03-10 | Huebl Friedrich Ing | Method for the dumping of special waste |
| US4519338A (en) * | 1983-10-20 | 1985-05-28 | Sanifoam, Inc. | Apparatus and method for applying a foam layer to cover and seal dumped waste |
| US4565468A (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1986-01-21 | Crawford Leslie A | Moisture impervient barrier and method for making same |
| DE3415729A1 (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1984-09-13 | Hans Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. 2120 Lüneburg Neuhaus | Precipitation-draining barrier cover for landfill sites |
| DE8433103U1 (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1987-02-19 | Knipschild, Friedrich Wilhelm, Dr.-Ing., 2105 Seevetal, De | |
| DE3444895A1 (en) * | 1984-12-08 | 1986-06-12 | Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart | DEVICE FOR COVERING LANDFILLS |
| DE8510379U1 (en) * | 1985-04-09 | 1985-08-14 | Schmidt, Hans, 2400 Lübeck-Travemünde | Device to protect the groundwater from contaminated seepage water |
| AT384963B (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1988-02-10 | Oemv Ag | METHOD FOR NON-DAY SITU SEALING OR SEALING OR RECOVERY OF OLD DESTINATIONS, i.e. OLD, PROTECTED WASTE DEPOSITS, SOG. OLD BAD AND CONTAMINATED LOCATIONS |
| DE3641780C2 (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1997-12-04 | Basf Ag | Device for covering a landfill |
| US4705429A (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-11-10 | Gpac, Inc. | Method of disposing of asbestos waste material |
| US4696599A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1987-09-29 | Waste Resource Associates, Inc. | Secure landfill and method of operating a landfill for hazardous waste |
| DE8713653U1 (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1987-11-26 | Omniplast Gmbh & Co Kg, 6332 Ehringshausen, De |
-
1988
- 1988-12-15 DE DE19883842212 patent/DE3842212A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-11-27 US US07/441,724 patent/US4973196A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-02 ES ES89122273T patent/ES2067521T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-02 DE DE58909001T patent/DE58909001D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-02 AT AT89122273T patent/ATE118383T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-02 EP EP19890122273 patent/EP0373459B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-13 JP JP1321611A patent/JPH02194886A/en active Pending
- 1989-12-13 CA CA 2005338 patent/CA2005338A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-12-14 BR BR8906449A patent/BR8906449A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE58909001D1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
| BR8906449A (en) | 1990-08-28 |
| JPH02194886A (en) | 1990-08-01 |
| EP0373459A1 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
| US4973196A (en) | 1990-11-27 |
| EP0373459B1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| ES2067521T3 (en) | 1995-04-01 |
| DE3842212A1 (en) | 1990-06-21 |
| ATE118383T1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |